Polar Topologies in a Ferroelastic Metal Membrane
Polar metals, materials in which electric polarisation and metallicity coexist, are exceptionally rare because itinerant electrons screen long-range dipoles and favour centrosymmetric structures. Engineering polar textures in a conducting magnet holds promise for reconfigurable spin orbit coupling and magnetoelectric functionality. Here we show that releasing epitaxial SrRuO3 films from their substrates drives a hierarchy of ferroelastic domain refinement from micrometre to nanometre length scales, and that this structural reorganisation spontaneously generates two distinct classes of emergent polar texture that are ubiquitous across the freestanding membrane. Using correlative microscopy from mesoscale electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) to atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we demonstrate that electric polarisation emerges selectively at translation-inequivalent antiphase boundaries (APBs). At these boundaries multicomponent aac tilt field undergoes Neel-like interpolation that preserves the in-phase tilt component and amplifies roto flexoelectric coupling, while translation-equivalent boundaries remain nonpolar. The Neel like interpolation at hard APBs and Ising like collapse of all tilt components at easy APBs is corroborated with ab initio calculations. While embedded 90 ferroelastic walls provide an additional mechanistically distinct source of electric polarisation resulting in polar nanoclusters (4 nm). These distinct nanotextures at 90 walls from via elastic accommodation of strain mismatch between variants and rotostriction as the tilt field interpolates across the boundaries. These findings show that, in a membrane form, metal oxides provide a robust platform for hosting nanoscale ferroelastic domains that generate polar textures.