Oxygen-vacancy tuning of magnetism in SrTi$_{0.75}$Fe$_{0.125}$Co$_{0.125}$O$_{3-δ}$ perovskite
We use density functional theory to calculate the structure, band-gap and magnetic properties of oxygen-deficient SrTi$_{1-x-y}$Fe$_x$Co$_y$O$_{3-δ}$ with x = y = 0.125 and $δ$ = (0,0.125,0.25). The valence and the high or low spin-states of the Co and Fe ions, as well as the lattice distortion and the band-gap, depend on the oxygen deficiency, the locations of the vacancies, and on the direction of the Fe-Co axis. A charge redistribution that resembles a self-regulatory response lies behind the valence spin-state changes. Ferromagnetism dominates, and both the magnetization and the band gap are greatest at $δ$ = 0.125. This qualitatively mimics the previously reported magnetization measured for SrTiFeO$_{3-δ}$, which was maximum at an intermediate deposition pressure of oxygen.