arXiv subjects

Marino Gran

Publications and source records attributed to Marino Gran.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Action representability of the category of internal groupoids

When $\mathbb C$ is a semi-abelian category, it is well known that the category $\mathsf{Grpd}(\mathbb C)$ of internal groupoids in $\mathbb C$ is again semi-abelian. The problem of determining whether the same kind of phenomenon occurs when the property of being semi-abelian is replaced by the one of being action representable (in the sense of Borceux, Janelidze and Kelly) turns out to be rather subtle. In the present article we give a sufficient condition for this to be true: in fact we prove that the category $\mathsf{Grpd}(\mathbb C)$ is a semi-abelian action representable algebraically coherent category with normalizers if and only if $\mathbb C$ is a semi-abelian action representable algebraically coherent category with normalizers. This result applies in particular to the categories of internal groupoids in the categories of groups, Lie algebras and cocommutative Hopf algebras, for instance.

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arXiv2020

Pretorsion theories in general categories

We present a setting for the study of torsion theories in general categories. The idea is to associate, with any pair ($\mathcal T$, $\mathcal F$) of full replete subcategories in a category $\mathcal C$, the corresponding full subcategory $\mathcal Z = \mathcal T \cap \mathcal F$ of \emph{trivial objects} in $\mathcal C$. The morphisms which factor through $\mathcal Z$ are called $\mathcal Z$-trivial, and these form an ideal of morphisms, with respect to which one can define $\mathcal Z$-prekernels, $\mathcal Z$-precokernels, and short $\mathcal Z$-preexact sequences. This naturally leads to the notion of pretorsion theory, which is the object of study of this article, and includes the classical one in the abelian context when $\mathcal Z$ is reduced to the $0$-object of $\mathcal C$. We study the basic properties of pretorsion theories, and examine some new examples in the category of all endomappings of finite sets and in the category of preordered sets.

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arXiv2020

Facets of congruence distributivity in Goursat categories

We give new characterisations of regular Mal'tsev categories with distributive lattice of equivalence relations through variations of the so-called Triangular Lemma and Trapezoid Lemma in universal algebra. We then give new characterisations of equivalence distributive Goursat categories (which extend $3$-permutable varieties) through variations of the Triangular and Trapezoid Lemmas involving reflexive and positive relations.

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arXiv2020

A new Galois structure in the category of internal preorders

Let $\mathsf{PreOrd}(\mathbb C)$ be the category of internal preorders in an exact category $\mathbb C$. We show that the pair $(\mathsf{Eq}(\mathbb C), \mathsf{ParOrd}(\mathbb C))$ is a pretorsion theory in $\mathsf{PreOrd}(\mathbb C)$, where $\mathsf{Eq}(\mathbb C)$ and $\mathsf{ParOrd}(\mathbb C)$) are the full subcategories of internal equivalence relations and of internal partial orders in $\mathbb C$, respectively. We observe that $\mathsf{ParOrd}(\mathbb C)$ is a reflective subcategory of $\mathsf{PreOrd}(\mathbb C)$ such that each component of the unit of the adjunction is a pullback-stable regular epimorphism. The reflector $F:\mathsf{PreOrd}(\mathbb C)\to \mathsf{ParOrd}(\mathbb C)$ turns out to have stable units in the sense of Cassidy, Hébert and Kelly, thus inducing an admissible categorical Galois structure. In particular, when $\mathbb C$ is the category $\mathsf{Set}$ of sets, we show that this reflection induces a monotone-light factorization system (in the sense of Carboni, Janelidze, Kelly and Paré) in $\mathsf{PreOrd}(\mathsf{Set})$. A topological interpretation of our results in the category of Alexandroff-discrete spaces is also given, via the well-known isomorphism between this latter category and $\mathsf{PreOrd}(\mathsf{Set})$.

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arXiv2020

Unusual spectral categories

The paper is devoted to a kind of `very non-abelian' spectral categories. Under strong conditions on a category $\mathcal{X}$, we prove, among other things, that, for a given faithful localization $\mathcal{C}\to\mathcal{X}$, we have canonical equivalences $\mathrm{Spec}(\mathcal{C})\sim\mathcal{X}\sim(\mathrm{Category\,\,of\,\,injective\,\,objects\,\,in}\,\, \mathcal{C})$, and that $\mathcal{C}$ has natural injective envelopes.

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arXiv2019

On the naturalness of Mal'tsev categories

Mal'tsev categories turned out to be a central concept in categorical algebra. On one hand, the simplicity and the beauty of the notion is revealed through a lot of characterizations of different flavour. Depending on the context, one can define Mal'tsev categories as those for which `any reflexive relation is an equivalence'; `any relation is difunctional'; `the composition of equivalence relations on a same object is commutative'; `each fibre of the fibration of points is unital' or `the forgetful functor from internal groupoids to reflexive graphs is saturated on subobjects'. For a variety of universal algebras, these are also equivalent to the existence in its algebraic theory of a Mal'tsev operation, i.e. a ternary operation $p(x,y,z)$ satisfying the axioms $p(x,x,y)=y$ and $p(x,y,y)=x$. On the other hand, Mal'tsev categories have been shown to be the right context in which to develop the theory of centrality of equivalence relations, Baer sums of extensions, and some homological lemmas such as the denormalized $3 \times 3$ Lemma, whose validity in a regular category is equivalent to the weaker `Goursat property', which has also turned out to be of wide interest.

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arXiv2019

What is the spectral category?

For a category $\mathcal{C}$ with finite limits and a class $\mathcal{S}$ of monomorphisms in $\mathcal{C}$ that is pullback stable, contains all isomorphisms, is closed under composition, and has the strong left cancellation property, we use pullback stable $\mathcal{S}$-essential monomorphisms in $\mathcal{C}$ to construct a spectral category $\mathrm{Spec}(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{S})$. We show that it has finite limits and that the canonical functor $\mathcal{C}\to \mathrm{Spec}(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{S})$ preserves finite limits. When $\mathcal{C}$ is a normal category, assuming for simplicity that $\mathcal{S}$ is the class of all monomorphisms in $\mathcal{C}$, we show that pullback stable $\mathcal{S}$-essential monomorphisms are the same as what we call subobject-essential monomorphisms.

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arXiv2019

Split extensions and semidirect products of unitary magmas

We develop a theory of split extensions of unitary magmas, which includes defining such extensions and describing them via suitably defined semidirect product, yielding an equivalence between the categories of split extensions and of (suitably defined) actions of unitary magmas on unitary magmas. The class of split extensions is pullback stable but not closed under composition. We introduce two subclasses of it that have both of these properties.

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arXiv2019

Galois theory and the categorical Peiffer commutator

We show that the Peiffer commutator previously defined by Cigoli, Mantovani and Metere can be used to characterize central extensions of precrossed modules with respect to the subcategory of crossed modules in any semi-abelian category satisfying an additional property. We prove that this commutator also characterizes double central extensions, obtaining then some Hopf formulas for the second and third homology objects of internal precrossed modules.

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arXiv2019

Monoidal characterisation of groupoids and connectors

We study internal structures in regular categories using monoidal methods. Groupoids in a regular Goursat category can equivalently be described as special dagger Frobenius monoids in its monoidal category of relations. Similarly, connectors can equivalently be described as Frobenius structures with a ternary multiplication. We study such ternary Frobenius structures and the relationship to binary ones, generalising that between connectors and groupoids.

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arXiv2018

A semi-abelian extension of a theorem by Takeuchi

We prove that the category of cocommutative Hopf algebras over a field is a semi-abelian category. This result extends a previous special case of it, based on the Milnor-Moore theorem, where the field was assumed to have zero characteristic. Takeuchi's theorem asserting that the category of commutative and cocommutative Hopf algebras over a field is abelian immediately follows from this new observation. We also prove that the category of cocommutative Hopf algebras over a field is action representable. We make some new observations concerning the categorical commutator of normal Hopf subalgebras, and this leads to the proof that two definitions of crossed modules of cocommutative Hopf algebras are equivalent in this context.

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arXiv2018

Variations of the Shifting Lemma and Goursat categories

We prove that Mal'tsev and Goursat categories may be characterised through stronger variations of the Shifting Lemma, that is classically expressed in terms of three congruences $R$, $S$ and $T$, and characterises congruence modular varieties. We first show that a regular category $\mathcal C$ is a Mal'tsev category if and only if the Shifting Lemma holds for reflexive relations on the same object in $\mathcal C$. Moreover, we prove that a regular category $\mathcal C$ is a Goursat category if and only if the Shifting Lemma holds for a reflexive relation $S$ and reflexive and positive relations $R$ and $T$ in $\mathcal C$. In particular this provides a new characterisation of $2$-permutable and $3$-permutable varieties and quasi-varieties of universal algebras.

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arXiv2018

Higher commutator conditions for extensions in Mal'tsev categories

We define a Galois structure on the category of pairs of equivalence relations in an exact Mal'tsev category, and characterize central and double central extensions in terms of higher commutator conditions. These results generalize both the ones related to the abelianization functor in exact Mal'tsev categories, and the ones corresponding to the reflection from the category of internal reflexive graphs to the subcategory of internal groupoids. Some examples and applications are given in the categories of groups, precrossed modules, precrossed modules of Lie algebras, and compact groups.

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arXiv2018

A relative monotone-light factorisation system for internal groupoids

Given an exact category $\mathcal{C}$, it is well known that the connected component reflector $π_0\colon\mathsf{Gpd}(\mathcal{C})\to\mathcal{C}$ from the category $\mathsf{Gpd}(\mathcal{C})$ of internal groupoids in $\mathcal{C}$ to the base category $\mathcal{C}$ is semi-left-exact. In this article we investigate the existence of a monotone-light factorisation system associated with this reflector. We show that, in general, there is no monotone-light factorisation system $(\mathcal{E}',\mathcal{M}^*)$ in $\mathsf{Gpd}(\mathcal{C})$, where $\mathcal{M}^*$ is the class of coverings in the sense of the corresponding Galois theory. However, when restricting to the case where $\mathcal{C}$ is an exact Mal'tsev category, we show that the so-called comprehensive factorization of regular epimorphisms in $\mathsf{Gpd}(\mathcal{C})$ is the relative monotone-light factorisation system (in the sense of Chikhladze) in the category $\mathsf{Gpd}(\mathcal{C})$ corresponding to the connected component reflector, where $\mathcal{E}'$ is the class of final functors and $\mathcal{M}^*$ the class of regular epimorphic discrete fibrations.

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arXiv2017

Split extension classifiers in the category of cocommutative Hopf algebras

We describe the split extension classifiers in the semi-abelian category of cocommutative Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. The categorical notions of centralizer and of center in the category of cocommutative Hopf algebras is then explored. We show that the categorical notion of center coincides with the one that is considered in the theory of general Hopf algebras.

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arXiv2017

Some remarks on connectors and groupoids in Goursat categories

We prove that connectors are stable under quotients in any (regular) Goursat category. As a consequence, the category $\mathsf{Conn}(\mathbb{C})$ of connectors in $\mathbb{C}$ is a Goursat category whenever $\mathbb C$ is. This implies that Goursat categories can be characterised in terms of a simple property of internal groupoids.

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arXiv2017

Epireflective subcategories and formal closure operators

On a category $\mathscr{C}$ with a designated (well-behaved) class $\mathcal{M}$ of monomorphisms, a closure operator in the sense of D. Dikranjan and E. Giuli is a pointed endofunctor of $\mathcal{M}$, seen as a full subcategory of the arrow-category $\mathscr{C}^\mathbf{2}$ whose objects are morphisms from the class $\mathcal{M}$, which "commutes" with the codomain functor $\mathsf{cod}\colon \mathcal{M}\to \mathscr{C}$. In other words, a closure operator consists of a functor $C\colon \mathcal{M}\to\mathcal{M}$ and a natural transformation $c\colon 1_\mathcal{M}\to C$ such that $\mathsf{cod} \cdot C=C$ and $\mathsf{cod}\cdot c=1_\mathsf{cod}$. In this paper we adapt this notion to the domain functor $\mathsf{dom}\colon \mathcal{E}\to\mathscr{C}$, where $\mathcal{E}$ is a class of epimorphisms in $\mathscr{C}$, and show that such closure operators can be used to classify $\mathcal{E}$-epireflective subcategories of $\mathscr{C}$, provided $\mathcal{E}$ is closed under composition and contains isomorphisms. Specializing to the case when $\mathcal{E}$ is the class of regular epimorphisms in a regular category, we obtain known characterizations of regular-epireflective subcategories of general and various special types of regular categories, appearing in the works of the second author and his coauthors. These results show the interest in investigating further the notion of a closure operator relative to a general functor. They also point out new links between epireflective subcategories arising in algebra, the theory of fibrations, and the theory of categorical closure operators.

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arXiv2016

Beck-Chevalley condition and Goursat categories

We characterise regular Goursat categories through a specific stability property of regular epimorphisms with respect to pullbacks. Under the assumption of the existence of some pushouts this property can be also expressed as a restricted Beck-Chevalley condition, with respect to the fibration of points, for a special class of commutative squares. In the case of varieties of universal algebras these results give, in particular, a structural explanation of the existence of the ternary operations characterising $3$-permutable varieties of universal algebras.

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