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Mario J. Pinheiro

Publications and source records attributed to Mario J. Pinheiro.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2011

Modeling of an EHD corona flow in nitrogen gas using an asymmetric capacitor for propulsion

The present work intends to identify the nature of the propulsive force that occurs during a positive corona discharge in nitrogen gas using an asymmetric capacitor geometry. We are going to apply the known theory of electrohydrodynamics (EHD) and electrostatics in order to compute all hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces that act on the considered geometry in an attempt to provide a physical insight on the force mechanism that acts on an asymmetrical capacitor.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2011

On the influence that the ground electrode diameter has in the propulsion efficiency of an asymmetric capacitor in nitrogen gas

In this work the propulsion force developed in an asymmetric capacitor will be calculated for three different diameters of the ground electrode. The used ion source is a small diameter wire, which generates a positive corona discharge in nitrogen gas directed to the ground electrode. By applying the fluid dynamic and electrostatic theories all hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces that act on the considered geometries will be computed in an attempt to provide a physical insight on the force mechanism that acts on the asymmetrical capacitors, and also to understand how to increase the efficiency of propulsion.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2010

Study on the influence that the number of positive ion sources has in the propulsion efficiency of an asymmetric capacitor in nitrogen gas

The present work intends to compare the propulsion force developed in an asymmetric capacitor, according to the number of positive ion sources used. The ion source is a corona wire, which generates a positive corona discharge in nitrogen gas directed towards the ground electrode. We are going to apply the known theory of electrohydrodynamics (EHD) and electrostatics in order to compute all hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces that act on the considered geometry in an attempt to provide a physical insight on the force mechanism that acts on each asymmetrical capacitor, and also to compare propulsion efficiencies.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2009

Electrical and Kinetic Model of an Atmospheric RF Device for Plasma Aerodynamics Applications

The asymmetrically mounted flat plasma actuator is studied using a self-consistent 2-DIM fluid model at atmospheric pressure. The computational model use the drift-diffusion approximation and a simple plasma phenomenological kinetic model. It is investigated its electrical and kinetic properties, and calculated the charged species concentrations, surface charge density, electrohydrodynamic forces and gas speed. The present computational model contributes to understand the main physical mechanisms and methods to improve its performance.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2009

On Newton's Third Law

The law of action-reaction is thoroughly used in textbooks to derive the conservation laws of linear and angular momentum, and it was considered by Ernst Mach the the cornerstone of physics. We give here a background survey of several questions raised by the action-reaction law, and in particular, the role of the physical vacuum is shown to provide an appropriate framework to clarify the occurrence of possible violations of the action-reaction law. It is also obtained an expression for the general linear momentum of a body-particle in the context of statistical mechanics. It is shown that Newton's third law is not verified in systems out of equilibrium due to an additional entropic gradient term present in the particle's momentum.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2009

Anomalous Diffusion at Edge and Core of a Magnetized Cold Plasma

Progress in the theory of anomalous diffusion in weakly turbulent cold magnetized plasmas is explained. Several proposed models advanced in the literature are discussed. Emphasis is put on a new proposed mechanism for anomalous diffusion transport mechanism based on the coupled action of conductive walls (excluding electrodes) bounding the plasma drain current (edge diffusion) together with the magnetic field flux "cutting" the area traced by the charged particles in their orbital motion. The same reasoning is shown to apply to the plasma core anomalous diffusion. The proposed mechanism is expected to be valid in regimes when plasma diffusion scales as Bohm diffusion and at high $B/N$, when collisions are of secondary importance.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2009

Fluidic Electrodynamics: a new approach to EM Propulsion

We report on a new methodological approach to electrodynamics based on a fluidic viewpoint. We develop a systematic approach establishing analogies between physical magnitudes and isomorphism (structure-preserving mappings) between systems of equations. This methodological approach allows us to give a general expression for the hydromotive force, thus re-obtaining the Navier-Stokes equation departing from the an appropriate electromotive force. From this ground we offer a fluidic approach to different kind of issues with interest in propulsion, e.g., the force exerted by a charged particle on a body carrying current; the magnetic force between two parallel currents; the Magnus's force. It is shown how the intermingle between the fluid vectors fields and electromagnetic fields lead to new insights on their dynamics. The new concepts introduced in this work suggest possible applications to electromagnetic (EM) propulsion devices and the mastery of the principles of producing electric fields of required configuration in plasma medium.

physics.flu-dyn↗
arXiv2008

On the electromagnetic origin of inertia and inertial mass

We address the problem of inertial property of matter through analysis of the motion of an extended charged particle. Our approach is based on the continuity equation for momentum (Newton's second law) taking due account of the vector potential and its convective derivative. We obtain a development in terms of retarded potentials allowing an intuitive physical interpretation of its main terms. The inertial property of matter is then discussed in terms of a kind of induction law related to the extended charged particle's own vector potential. Moreover, it is obtained a force term that represents a drag force acting on the charged particle when in motion relatively to its own vector potential field lines. The time rate of variation of the particle's vector potential leads to the acceleration inertia reaction force, equivalent to the Schott term responsible for the source of the radiation field. We also show that the velocity dependent term of the particle's vector potential is connected with the relativistic increase of mass with velocity and generates a longitudinal stress force that is the source of electric field lines deformation. In the framework of classical electrodynamics, we have shown that the electron mass has possibly a complete electromagnetic origin and the obtained covariant equation solves the "4/3 mass paradox" for a spherical charge distribution.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2007

Plasma: the genesis of the word

The historical roots of the word plasma are recalled. It is suggested that possibly at the beginning of the researches in low-pressure gas discharges the driving motivation was related to the psychic phenomena investigated by Sir William Crookes.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2006

The Connection Between Inertial Forces and the Vector Potential

. The inertia property of matter is discussed in terms of a type of induction law related to the extended charged particle's own vector potential. Our approach is based on the Lagrangian formalism of canonical momentum writing Newton's second law in terms of the vector potential and a development in terms of obtaining retarded potentials, that allow an intuitive physical interpretation of its main terms. This framework provides a clear physical insight on the physics of inertia. It is shown that the electron mass has a complete electromagnetic origin and the covariant equation obtained solves the "4/3 mass paradox". This provides a deeper insight into the significance of the main terms of the equation of motion. In particular a force term is obtained from the approach based on the continuity equation for momentum that represents a drag force the charged particle feels when in motion relatively to its own vector potential field lines. Thus, the time derivative of the particle's vector potential leads to the acceleration inertia reaction force and is equivalent to the Schott term responsible for the source of the radiation field. We also show that the velocity dependent term of the particle's vector potential is connected with the relativistic increase of mass with velocity and generates a stress force that is the source of electric field lines deformation. This understanding broadens the possibility to manipulate inertial mass and potentially suggests some mechanisms for possible applications to electromagnetic propulsion and the development of advanced space propulsion physics.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2006

Do Maxwell's equations need revision? - A methodological note

We propose a modification of Maxwell's macroscopic fundamental set of equations in vacuum in order to clarify Faraday's law of induction. Using this procedure, the Lorentz force is no longer separate from Maxwell's equations. The Lorentz transformations are shown to be related to the convective derivative, which is introduced in the electrodynamics of moving bodies. The new formulation is in complete agreement with the actual set of Maxwell's equations for bodies at rest, the only novel feature is a new kind of electromotive force. Heinrich Hertz was the first to propose a similar electrodynamic theory of moving bodies, although its interpretation was based on the existence of the so called "aether". Examining the problem of a moving circuit with this procedure, it is shown that a new force of induction should act on a circuit moving through an inhomogeneous vector potential field. This overlooked induction force is related to the Aharanov-Bohm effect, but can also be related to the classical electromagnetic field when an external magnetic field is acting on the system. Technological issues, such as the so called Marinov motor are also addressed.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2005

EHD ponderomotive forces and aerodynamic flow control using plasma actuators

We present a self-consistent two-dimensional fluid model of the temporal and spatial development of the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP$^{\circledR}$). Continuity equations for electrically charged species N$_2^+$, N$_4^+$, O$_2^+$, O$_2^-$ and electrons are solved coupled to the Poisson equation, subject to appropriate boundary conditions. It was used an algorithm proposed by Patankar$^{\cite{Patankar}}$. The transport parameters and rate coefficients for electrons at atmospheric pressure are obtained by solving the homogeneous Boltzmann equation for electrons under the hydrodynamic assumption. Operational variables are obtained as a function of time: electric current; surface charge accumulated on the dielectric surface; the memory voltage and the gas voltage controlling the discharge. It is also obtained the spatial distribution of the electric field, the populations of charges species, the resulting ponderomotive forces, and the gas speed.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2005

The role of magnetic flux and wall current drain on anomalous diffusion

A theoretical analysis of the anomalous diffusion transport mechanism suggests a possible connection between wall current drain and magnetic flux through the orbital trajectories of charged particles in a plasma submitted to a strong magnetic field. Then Bohm diffusion coefficient is straightforwardly obtained.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2004

Electron trapping by electric field reversal and Fermi mechanism

We investigate the existence of the electric field reversal in the negative glow of a dc discharge, its location, the width of the well trapping the electrons, the slow electrons scattering time, and as well the trapping time. Based on a stress-energy tensor analysis we show the inherent instability of the well. We suggest that the Fermi mechanism is a possible process for pumping out electrons from the through, and linking this phenomena with electrostatic plasma instabilities. A power law distribution function for trapped electrons is also obtained. Analytical expressions are derived which can be used to calculate these characteristics from geometrical dimensions and the operational parameters of the discharge.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2004

Non-Markovian stochastic processes and the wave-like properties of matter

A non-markovian stochastic model is shown to lead to a universal relationship between particle's energy, driven frequency and a frequency of interaction with the medium. It is briefly discussed the possible relevance of this general structure to various phenomena in the context of the formation of patterns in granular media, computation in a Brownian-type computer and the Haisch-Rueda-Puthoff inertial mass theory.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2003

Information-theoretic determination of ponderomotive forces

From the equilibrium condition $δS=0$ applied to an isolated thermodynamic system of electrically charged particles and the fundamental equation of thermodynamics ($dU = T dS-(\mathbf{f}\cdot d\mathbf{r})$) subject to a new procedure, it is obtained the Lorentz's force together with non-inertial terms of mechanical nature. Other well known ponderomotive forces, like the Stern-Gerlach's force and a force term related to the Einstein-de Haas's effect are also obtained. In addition, a new force term appears, possibly related to a change in weight when a system of charged particles is accelerated.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2003

Some Remarks about Variable Mass Systems

We comment about the general argument given to obtain the rocket equation as it is exposed in standard textbooks. In our opinion, it can induce students to a wrong answer when solving variable mass problems.

physics.ed-ph↗