arXiv subjects

Mario Senden

Publications and source records attributed to Mario Senden.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Functional Whole-Brain Models: A New Framework for Unifying Brain Structure and Cognitive Function

Contemporary computational neuroscience features two prominent modeling traditions. Bottom-up whole-brain modeling (WBM) builds biophysically detailed simulations of brain structure and dynamics, whereas top-down neuroconnectionism optimizes deep neural networks for functional performance. Each has achieved remarkable success yet remains incomplete with WBMs lacking functional competence and neuroconnectionist models showing limited biological grounding. Here we propose functional whole-brain models (fWBMs) as a unified modeling paradigm that integrates structural and dynamical realism with task-performing capacity. fWBMs are defined by four minimal criteria: structural grounding in empirical connectomes and regional biology, continuous-time dynamical realism, functional competence across cognitive domains, and mappable observables to neuroimaging, electrophysiologcal and behavioral data. To formalize this integration, we establish a three-pillar roadmap across short-, mid-, and long-term horizons, and outline the scientific and clinical opportunities this paradigm enables. We argue that the disciplined pursuit of this integrative vision will generate the tools, common language, and cross-scale hypotheses needed to advance our understanding of the brain.

q-bio.NC↗

arXiv2026

Probabilistic Prediction of Neural Dynamics via Autoregressive Flow Matching

Forecasting neural activity in response to naturalistic stimuli remains a key challenge for understanding brain dynamics and enabling downstream neurotechnological applications. Here, we introduce a generative forecasting framework for modeling neural dynamics based on autoregressive flow matching (AFM). Building on recent advances in transport-based generative modeling, our approach probabilistically predicts neural responses at scale from multimodal sensory input. Specifically, we learn the conditional distribution of future neural activity given past neural dynamics and concurrent sensory input, explicitly modeling neural activity as a temporally evolving process in which future states depend on recent neural history. We evaluate our framework on the Algonauts project 2025 challenge functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset using subject-specific models. AFM significantly outperforms both a non-autoregressive flow-matching baseline and the official challenge general linear model baseline in predicting short-term parcel-wise blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity, demonstrating improved generalization and widespread cortical prediction performance. Ablation analyses show that access to past BOLD dynamics is a dominant driver of performance, while autoregressive factorization yields consistent, modest gains under short-horizon, context-rich conditions. Together, these findings position autoregressive flow-based generative modeling as an effective approach for short-term probabilistic forecasting of neural dynamics with promising applications in closed-loop neurotechnology.

q-bio.NC↗

arXiv2025

The global communication pathways of the human brain transcend the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar division

Understanding how cortex, subcortex and cerebellum integrate is a major challenge for neuroscience, however, studies of the brain's structural connectivity have mostly focused on cortico-cortical links. Here, we used diffusion imaging to construct the structural connectome of the entire human brain including 360 cortical, 233 subcortical, and 125 cerebellar regions of interest (ROIs). We found that the brain forms a modular and hierarchical network architecture, organized into modules of mixed cortical, subcortical and/or cerebellar regions, and whose cross-modular pathways are centralized through highly connected hub ROIs (a `rich-club'). This global rich-club is subcortically dominated and, surprisingly, composed of hub ROIs from all subcortical structures rather than one region like the thalamus, centralizing the communication pathways. This study improves our understanding of the human brain's organization. It provides structural evidence to question the prevalent cortico-centric notion by revealing a connectome centered at the subcortex but made of transversal pathways.

q-bio.NC↗

arXiv2021

Biologically Inspired Semantic Lateral Connectivity for Convolutional Neural Networks

Lateral connections play an important role for sensory processing in visual cortex by supporting discriminable neuronal responses even to highly similar features. In the present work, we show that establishing a biologically inspired Mexican hat lateral connectivity profile along the filter domain can significantly improve the classification accuracy of a variety of lightweight convolutional neural networks without the addition of trainable network parameters. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is possible to analytically determine the stationary distribution of modulated filter activations and thereby avoid using recurrence for modeling temporal dynamics. We furthermore reveal that the Mexican hat connectivity profile has the effect of ordering filters in a sequence resembling the topographic organization of feature selectivity in early visual cortex. In an ordered filter sequence, this profile then sharpens the filters' tuning curves.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

Contextual Encoder-Decoder Network for Visual Saliency Prediction

Predicting salient regions in natural images requires the detection of objects that are present in a scene. To develop robust representations for this challenging task, high-level visual features at multiple spatial scales must be extracted and augmented with contextual information. However, existing models aimed at explaining human fixation maps do not incorporate such a mechanism explicitly. Here we propose an approach based on a convolutional neural network pre-trained on a large-scale image classification task. The architecture forms an encoder-decoder structure and includes a module with multiple convolutional layers at different dilation rates to capture multi-scale features in parallel. Moreover, we combine the resulting representations with global scene information for accurately predicting visual saliency. Our model achieves competitive and consistent results across multiple evaluation metrics on two public saliency benchmarks and we demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach on five datasets and selected examples. Compared to state of the art approaches, the network is based on a lightweight image classification backbone and hence presents a suitable choice for applications with limited computational resources, such as (virtual) robotic systems, to estimate human fixations across complex natural scenes.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

Effects of Synaptic and Myelin Plasticity on Learning in a Network of Kuramoto Phase Oscillators

Models of learning typically focus on synaptic plasticity. However, learning is the result of both synaptic and myelin plasticity. Specifically, synaptic changes often co-occur and interact with myelin changes, leading to complex dynamic interactions between these processes. Here, we investigate the implications of these interactions for the coupling behavior of a system of Kuramoto oscillators. To that end, we construct a fully connected, one-dimensional ring network of phase oscillators whose coupling strength (reflecting synaptic strength) as well as conduction velocity (reflecting myelination) are each regulated by a Hebbian learning rule. We evaluate the behavior of the system in terms of structural (pairwise connection strength and conduction velocity) and functional connectivity (local and global synchronization behavior). We find that for conditions in which a system limited to synaptic plasticity develops two distinct clusters both structurally and functionally, additional adaptive myelination allows for functional communication across these structural clusters. Hence, dynamic conduction velocity permits the functional integration of structurally segregated clusters. Our results confirm that network states following learning may be different when myelin plasticity is considered in addition to synaptic plasticity, pointing towards the relevance of integrating both factors in computational models of learning.

nlin.AO↗