arXiv subjects

Mark E. Perel'man

Publications and source records attributed to Mark E. Perel'man.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2010

Anomalous dispersion in pulsar 21-cm radiation reveals the existence of faster-than-c phenomena in near field of scatterers

At passage of 21-cm pulsar radiation through clouds of neutral hydrogen atoms the signal in the region of anomalous dispersion is appearing as faster-than-c. As unlike laboratory researches separate scatterers are located on big distances from each other, this effect can be attributed only to the consecutive independent scattering on isolated atoms. For its explanation we must accept that photons are emitted and absorbed on the distances \lamda/2, in a near field, instantaneously. Such peculiarity of near field has been established earlier within the frame of QED and explains, quantitatively and qualitatively, different "superluminal" observations. It shows that processes of absorption and reemission of photons do not submit to requirements of special relativity describing only uniform movements, and consequently possibilities of faster-than-c phenomena in the near field are not excluded.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2009

To theory of tornado formation: mass condensation into droplets, their polarization by the Earth electric fields and rotation by magnetic field

Vapor condensation with removing of latent heat by emission of characteristic frequencies allows fast droplets formation in big volumes, which becomes possible with spatial redistribution and spreading of condensation nuclei and ions formed in long lightning traces. Droplets in the vertical Earth electric fields will be polarized and dipoles will be oriented; at movements in the Earth magnetic field they will be torqued into horizontal plane. The estimations show that the teamwork of these phenomena leads to formation of tropic cyclones, which can decay in regions with reduced fields and non supersaturated vapor. The suggested theory can be verified by examination of fields' intensity and radiations: the characteristic, mainly IR radiating of latent heat and emission of the 150 kHz range at approaching of water dipoles to drops.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2009

Dark gamma-ray bursts: possible role of multiphoton processes

The absence of optical afterglow at some gamma-ray bursts (so called dark bursts) requires analyses of physical features of this phenomenon. It is shown that such singularity can be connected with multiphoton processes of frequencies summation in the Rayleigh- Jeans part of spectra, their pumping into higher frequencies. It can be registered most probably on young objects with still thin plasma coating, without further thermalization, i.e. soon after a prompt beginning of the explosive activity.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2009

Radiative Phase Transitions and their Possible Role in Balance of Atmosphere Heating

Condensation and sublimation of water vapors (and CO2, CH4, N2O vapors also) in the Earth atmosphere must be accompanied by emission of latent heats on characteristic frequencies marked in absorption spectra. Calculated wave lengths completely explain all peaks observed for these gases in the near IR. Established phenomena require further investigations, re-estimation of atmospheric heat balances and so on. Investigation of analogical peaks in atmospheres of other planets can be used for analyses of their structures.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2009

Properties of Physical Systems: Transient Singularities on Borders and Surface Transitive Zones

Certain alternative properties of physical systems are describable by supports of arguments of response functions (e.g. light cone, borders of media) and expressed by projectors; corresponding equations of restraints lead to dispersion relations, theorems of counting, etc. As supports are measurable, their absolutely strict borders contradict the spirit of quantum theory and their quantum evolution leading to appearance of subtractions or certain needed flattening would be considered. Flattening of projectors introduce transitive zones that can be examined as a specification of adiabatic hypothesis or the Bogoliubov regulatory function in QED. For demonstration of their possibilities the phenomena of refraction and reflection of electromagnetic wave are considered; they show, in particular, the inevitable appearing of double electromagnetic layers on all surfaces that formerly were repeatedly postulated, etc. Quantum dynamics of projectors proves the neediness of subtractions that usually are artificially adding and express transient singularities and zones in squeezed forms.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2009

Duration of interactions in quantum electrodynamics: basic concepts, temporal features of kinetic phenomena

For temporal magnitudes describing, in details, processes of particles scattering for a long time at each necessity case a particular, ad hoc reception were used. However the desirability of general approach basing on concepts of quantum field theory and uniting two main problems, durations of delay at scattering and of formation of arisen states, seems evident. We show that the Ward-Takahashi identity allows the defining of general temporal function in the frame of QED, real part of which describes the duration of delay of scattered particle on scatterer and imaginary part describes the duration of formation ("dressing") of outgoing bare particle. The functions of same form can be revealed in the known QED descriptions of processes, i.e. they arise in the course of standard calculations, but are not entered artificially. These functions submit to the operator of duration determinable by the reciprocal analogue of the Schroedinger equation, operator of which is canonically conjugated with Hamiltonian. Definition of temporal functions leads to the developing of such kinetic theories: theory of optical dispersion (with the decision of certain known paradoxes), theory of multiphoton processes (definitions of their thresholds and saturations) and theory of phase transitions (determination of general correlation radii and the full system of critical indices). The determination of temporal functions demonstrates also the instanton-type nature of tunneling processes, makes clear sense of the adiabatic hypothesis of quantum theory and some renormalization schemes. In an application to the problem of charge nullification they lead to a restriction of allowable number of fermions of the theory.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2008

To the Theory of Unstable States

Deviations of the decay law from exponents are discussing for a long time, however, experimental proofs of such deviations are absent. Here in the general form is shown that the conclusions about non-exponential contributions are due to the disregarding of advanced interactions, i.e. at principally non-relativistic considerations. We consider decay processes in the frame of interactions duration of the quantum field theory. We show that at this basis the usual exponential decay has place.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2008

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Gases in the Frame of Quantum Electrodynamics: Interconnection of Constituents

Bose-Einstein condensate of rarified atomic gases is considered as the state formed by exchange of virtual photons, resonant to the lowest levels of atoms; such representation corresponds to the Einstein opinion about an inter-influence of condensable particles. Considered interactions directly lead to the QED structure of nonlinear potential in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Linear momenta that correspond to the thermal energy of condensable atoms are connected to near field of particles and therefore leave atoms immovable. The estimations of these effects do not contradict the observed data; the general quantum principles predict possibility of stimulating of BEC formation by resonant irradiation. All this requires the spectroscopic investigation of BEC on different steps of formation.

cond-mat.other↗

arXiv2008

Mechanisms of Dendrites Occurrence during Crystallization: Features of the Ice Crystals Formation

Dendrites formation in the course of crystallization presents very general phenomenon, which is analyzed in details via the example of ice crystals growth in deionized water. Neutral molecules of water on the surface are combined into the double electric layer (DEL) of oriented dipoles; its field reorients approaching dipoles with observable radio-emission in the range of 150 kHz. The predominant attraction of oriented dipoles to points of gradients of this field induces dendrites growth from them, e.g. formation of characteristic form of snowflakes at free movement of clusters through saturated vapor in atmosphere. The constant electric field strengthens DELs' field and the growth of dendrites. Described phenomena should appear at crystallization of various substances with dipole molecules, features of radio-emission can allow the monitoring of certain processes in atmosphere and in technological processes. Crystallization of particles without constant moments can be stimulated by DELs of another nature with attraction of virtual moments of particles to gradients of fields and corresponding dendrites formation.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2008

Phase Transitions of the First Kind as Radiation Processes

Crystallization and vapor condensation are considered as processes of sequential entering of single atoms/molecules into condensate. The latent heat can be carry away by radiation of characteristic frequencies generated in the course of transition. The estimated dependences of latent (radiated) energy of boiling on temperature confirm and prove the well-known empirical Trouton's rule applicable to many simple substances. It leads to the estimation of interrelation of critical parameters of corresponding substances. Experimental results of the authors and other researchers concerning crystallization from the melt of different substances (alkali halides, sapphire, tellurium, ice, copper) are presented, as well as condensation of water vapor, the correspondence to the offered model is established. It allows developing of the spectroscopy of phase transitions, and can lead to control of crystallization process, to crystallization stimulated by the characteristic radiation, etc. Formation of clouds in our atmosphere should be accompanied by characteristic radiation detectable for meteorological warnings.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2006

Ultrasound vibrations of plant cells membranes: water lift in trees, electrical phenomena

Alterations of charges density on membranes (potentials) of plant cells by ion currents lead to disbalance of Coulomb forces compressing membranes and counteracting Hookean elastic forces. It should results in membrane vibrations till establishment new equilibrium with generation of ultrasound and electromagnetic radiations. Such vibrations lead to acoustical flows, power of which is sufficient for water lift in trees, its degassing, for cycloses and some electric phenomena in plants and so on. This phenomenon explains the known observations of ultrasound noises in trees and redistribution of particles in the phloem flow. Known supervisions and consideration of anatomy of plants result in estimations of frequencies of the order of 150-200 kHz for acoustical flows in xilem and three times bigger in phloem. The checking of offered mechanism can be carrying out via investigation of acoustic and electromagnetic radiation of plants. Keywords: plant, ultrasound, acoustical flow, hydraulics PACS: 43.25.Nm, 43.38.+n, 43.80.+p, 82.39.Jn, 87.80.Vt

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2006

Near field in quantum electrodynamics: Green functions, Lorentz condition, "nonlocality in the small", frustrated total reflection

Investigation of near field of QED requires the refuse from an averaging of the Lorentz condition that smooths out some field peculiarities. Instead of it Schwinger decomposition of the 4-potential with the Bogoliubov method of interaction switching in time and in space regions is considered. At such approach near field is describable by the part of covariant Green function of QED, the fast-damping Schwinger function formed by longitudinal and scalar components of Aμ none restricted by light cone. This description reveals possibility of superluminal phenomena within the near field zone as a "nonlocality in the small". Some specification of Bogoliubov method allows, as examples, descriptions of near fields of point-like charge and at FTIR phenomena. Precisely such possibilities of nonlocal interactions are revealed in the common QED expressions for the Van-der-Waals and Casimir interactions and in the Förster law. Key words: Lorentz condition, near field, propagators, superluminal, FTIR. PACS: 03.30.+p, 12.20.-m, 13.40.-f, 68.37.Uv.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2003

Reciprocal Schrödinger Equation: Durations of Delay and of Final States Formation in Processes of Scattering

The reciprocal Schrödinger equation $\partial S(ω,{\bf r}% )/i\partial ω=\hatτ(ω,{\bf r}) S(ω,{\bf r})$ for $S$-matrix with temporal operator instead the Hamiltonian is established via the Legendre transformation of classical action function. Corresponding temporal functions are expressed via propagators of interacting fields. Their real parts $τ_{1}$are equivalent to the Wigner-Smith delay durations at process of scattering and imaginary parts $τ_{2}$ express the duration of final states formation (dressing). As an apparent example, they can be clearly interpreted in the oscillator model via polarization ($% τ_{1}$) and conductivity ($τ_{2}$) of medium. The $τ$-functions are interconnected by the dispersion relations of Kramers-Krönig type. From them follows, in particular, that $τ_{2}$ is twice bigger than the uncertainty value and thereby is measurable; it must be negative at some tunnel transitions and thus can explain the observed superluminal transfer of excitations at near field intervals (M.E.Perel'man. In: arXiv. physics/0309123). The covariant generalizations of reciprocal equation clarifies the adiabatic hypothesis of scattering theory as the requirement: $% τ_{2}\to 0$ at infinity future and elucidate the physical sense of some renormalization procedures.

quant-ph↗