Dark energy and quantum entanglement
Entangled states in the universe may change interpretation of observations and even revise the concept of dark energy.
gr-qc↗
arXiv subjects
Mark Ya. Azbel'
Publications and source records attributed to Mark Ya. Azbel'.
Exact law of live nature
Exact law of mortality dynamics in changing populations and environment is derived. The law is universal for all species, from single cell yeast to humans. It includes no characteristics of animal- environment interactions (metabolism etc) which are a must for life. Such law is unique for live systems with their homeostatic self-adjustment to environment. Its universal dynamics for all animals, with their drastically different biology, evolutionary history, and complexity, is also unique for live systems-cf different thermodynamics of e.g. liquids and glasses. The law which is valid for all live, and only live, systems is a life specific law of nature. Mortality is an instrument of natural selection and biological diversity. Its law which is preserved in evolution of all species is a conservation law of mortality, selection, evolution, biology. The law implies new kind of mortality and adaptation which dominate in evolutionary unprecedented protected populations and, in contrast to species specific natural selection, proceed via universal stepwise rungs. The law demonstrates that intrinsic mortality and at least certain aspects of aging are disposable evolutionary byproducts, and directed genetic and/or biological changes may yield healthy and vital Methuselah lifespan. This is consistent with experiments. Universality implies that single cell yeast may provide a master key to the cellular mechanism of universal mortality, aging, selection, evolution, and its regulation in all animals. One may look for its manifestations in animal cells also, e.g., in their replicative senescence.
q-bio.PE↗
Universal Mortality Law, Life Expectancy and Immortality
Well protected human and laboratory animal populations with abundant resources are evolutionary unprecedented, and their survival far beyond reproductive age may be a byproduct rather than tool of evolution. Physical approach, which takes advantage of their extensively quantified mortality, establishes that its dominant fraction yields the exact law, and suggests its unusual mechanism. The law is universal for all animals, from yeast to humans, despite their drastically different biology and evolution. It predicts that the universal mortality has short memory of the life history, at any age may be reset to its value at a significantly younger age, and mean life expectancy extended (by biologically unprecedented small changes) from its current maximal value to immortality. Mortality change is rapid and stepwise. Demographic data and recent experiments verify these predictions for humans, rats, flies, nematodes and yeast. In particular, mean life expectancy increased 6-fold (to "human" 430 years), with no apparent loss in health and vitality, in nematodes with a small number of perturbed genes and tissues. Universality allows one to study unusual mortality mechanism and the ways to immortality.
q-bio.PE↗
Immortality as a physical problem
Well protected human and laboratory animal populations with abundant resources are evolutionary unprecedented. Physical approach, which takes advantage of their extensively quantified mortality, establishes that its dominant fraction yields the exact law, whose universality from yeast to humans is unprecedented, and suggests its unusual mechanism. Singularities of the law demonstrate new kind of stepwise adaptation. The law proves that universal mortality is an evolutionary byproduct, which at any age is reversible, independent of previous life history, and may be disposable. Recent experiments verify these predictions. Life expectancy may be extended, arguably to immortality, by relatively small and universal biological amendments in the animals. Indeed, it doubled with improving conditions in humans; increased 2.4-fold with genotype change in Drosophila, and 6-fold (to 430 years in human terms), with no apparent loss in health and vitality, in nematodes with a small number of perturbed genes and tissues. The law suggests a physical mechanism of the universal mortality and its regulation.
q-bio.QM↗
Dynamics of mortality in protected populations
Demographic data and recent experiments verify earlier predictions that mortality has short (few percent of the life span) memory of the previous life history, may be significantly decreased, reset to its value at a much younger age, and (until certain age) eliminated. Such mortality dynamics is demonstrated to be characteristic only of evolutionary unprecedented protected populations. When conditions improve, their mortality decreases stepwise. At crossovers the rate of decrease rapidly changes. The crossovers manifest the edges of the stairs in the universal ladder of rapid mortality adjustment to changing conditions. Mortality is dominated by the established universal law which reduces it to few biologically explicit parameters and which is verified with human and fly mortality data. Specific experiments to test universality of the law for other animals, and to unravel the mechanism of stepwise life extension, are suggested.
q-bio.QM↗
Why humans die -- an unsolved biological problem
Mortality is an instrument of natural selection. Evolutionary motivated theories imply its irreversibility and life history dependence. This is inconsistent with mortality data for protected populations. Accurate analysis yields mortality law, which is specific for their evolutionary unprecedented conditions, yet universal for species as evolutionary remote as humans and flies. The law is exact, instantaneous, reversible, stepwise, and allows for a rapid (within less than two years for humans) and significant mortality decrease at any (but very old) age.
q-bio.OT↗
Biological universality yields new kind of laws
Biological approximations, which are universal for diverse species, are well known. With no other experimental data, their invariance to transformations from one species to another yields exact conservation (with respect to biological diversity and evolutionary history) laws, which are inconsistent with known physics and unique for self-organized live systems. The laws predict two and only two universal ways of biological diversity and evolution; their singularities; a new kind of rapid (compared to lifespan) adaptation and reversible mortality, which may be directed. Predictions agree with experimental data, and call for new concepts, insights, and microscopic theory.
cond-mat.stat-mech↗
Long range interaction yields a new kind of phase transition
DNA denaturation, wetting in two dimensions, depinning of a flux line, and other problems map onto a phase transition with effective long range interaction. It yields giant non-universal critical indexes, arbitrarily large macroscopic correlation length and fluctuations at a finite distance from the critical temperature. In the vicinity of this region the Gibbs distribution is invalid, and thermodynamics must be calculated from the first principles. There are no fluctuations above the critical temperature.
cond-mat.stat-mech↗
Conservation laws in biology and evolution, their singularities and bans
Well known biological approximations are universal, i.e. invariant to transformations from one species to another. With no other experimental data, such invariance yields exact conservation (with respect to biological diversity and evolutionary history) laws. The laws predict two alternative universal ways of evolution and physiology; their singularities and bans; a new kind of rapid (compared to lifespan), reversible, and accurate adaptation, which may be directed. The laws agree with all experimental data, but challenge existing theories.
cond-mat.stat-mech↗
DNA denaturation as a new kind of phase transition
Unbinding of a double-stranded DNA reduces to an unscreened long range interaction and maps on various problems. Heterogeneity renormalizes interaction. Renormalization is temperature dependent. At an unbinding transition it approaches critical dimensionality. This implies giant non-universal critical indexes and invalidity of the Gibbs distribution sufficiently close to the critical temperature Tc. Fluctuations are macroscopically large below Tc. There are no fluctuations above it.
cond-mat.stat-mech↗
Phenomenological Theory of Survival
Theoretical analysis proves that human survivability is dominated by an unusual physical, rather than biological, mechanism, which yields an exact law. The law agrees with all experimental data, but, contrary to existing theories, it is the same for an entire species, i.e., it is independent of the population, its phenotypes, environment and history. The law implies that the survivability changes with environment via phase transitions, which are simultaneous for all generations. They allow for a rapid (within few percent of the life span) and significant increase in the life expectancy even above its value at a much earlier age.
physics.bio-ph↗