Interaction Dynamics of Singular Wave Fronts
Some of the most impressive singular wave fronts seen in Nature are the transbasin oceanic internal waves, which may be observed from the Space Shuttle as they propagate and interact with each other, for example, in the South China Sea. The characteristic feature of these strongly nonlinear wavefronts is that they reconnect when two of them collide transversely. We derive the EPDiff equation, and use it to model this phenomenon as elastic collisions between singular wave fronts (solitons) whose momentum is distributed along curves moving in the plane. Numerical methods for EPDiff based on compatible differencing algorithms (CDAs) are used for simulating these collisions among curves. The numerical results show the same nonlinear behavior of wavefront reconnections as that observed for internal waves in the South China Sea. We generalize the singular solutions of EPDiff for other applications, in computational anatomy and in imaging science, where the singular wavefronts are evolving image outlines, whose momentum may be distributed on surfaces moving though space in three dimensions. The key idea is always momentum exchange during collisions of the wavefronts. A suite of 2d and 3d numerical simulations provide collision rules for the wavefront reconnection phenomenon in a variety of scenarios.