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Martin Mayer

Publications and source records attributed to Martin Mayer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Multiwavelength observations of a new black-widow millisecond pulsar PSR J1544-2555

We report the discovery of a new black-widow millisecond pulsar, PSR J1544-2555, associated with the Fermi-LAT source 4FGL J1544.2-2554. Optical, radio, and gamma-ray observations confirmed its nature as a compact spider binary system. Optical photometry from ULTRACAM revealed a \(\sim\)2.7-hour orbital period, guiding MeerKAT observations that detected \(\sim\)2.4-ms radio pulsations. Subsequent timing campaigns using the Murriyang Parkes Telescope, the Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope, and the Nan\c{c}ay Radio Telescope allowed us to obtain a preliminary timing solution, which enabled us to find gamma-ray pulsations. The final timing solution, spanning 16 years of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data, also displays orbital period variations typical of spider pulsars. X-ray observations from eROSITA indicate non-thermal emission, but the relatively low count rate prohibits the search for X-ray pulsations. Optical light curve modelling using Icarus suggests the asymmetry is best explained by a spot model, where uneven heating creates localised temperature variations on the companion. While the optical spectra we obtained are compatible with the physical properties we infer for the companion star, they were not of sufficient signal-to-noise to allow for radial velocity measurements, thus limiting constraints on the neutron star's mass. The observed bluer colour near the light curve minimum suggests possible non-thermal emission from intra-binary shocks, supported by the presence of an X-ray source. This discovery exemplifies the proven capability of the Fermi-LAT catalogue in identifying millisecond pulsar candidates and highlights the role of optical surveys in detecting variable sources suitable for radio follow-up.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2025

Evidence for protons accelerated and escaped from the Puppis A region using \textit{Fermi}-LAT observations

Supernova remnants (SNRs) interacting with molecular clouds are interesting laboratories to study the acceleration of cosmic rays and their propagation in the dense ambient medium. We analyze 14 years of Fermi-LAT observations of the supernova remnant Puppis A to investigate its asymmetric $\gamma$-ray morphology and spectral properties. This middle-aged remnant ($\sim$4 kyr) is evolving in an inhomogeneous environment, interacting with a dense molecular cloud in the northeast and a lower-density medium in the southwest. We find clear differences in both $\gamma$-ray luminosity and spectral energy distribution between these two regions. The emission from both sides is consistent with a hadronic origin. However, while the southwestern emission can be explained by standard Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA), the northeastern side may involve re-acceleration of pre-existing cosmic rays or acceleration via reflected shocks in the dense cloud environment. Additionally, we identify two significant $\gamma$-ray excesses outside the remnant, including a previously unreported source to the south. These features are likely produced by cosmic rays that have escaped Puppis A and are interacting with nearby dense molecular material. From this extended emission, we estimate the total energy in escaping cosmic rays to be $W_{CR} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{49}$ erg, providing important constraints on cosmic-ray propagation around the remnant.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2024

Prescribing scalar curvatures: loss of minimizability

Prescribing conformally the scalar curvature on a closed manifold with negative Yamabe invariant as a given function $K$ is possible under smallness assumptions on $K_{+}=\max\{K,0\}$ and in particular, when $K<0$. In addition, while solutions are unique in case $K\leq 0$, non uniqueness generally holds, when $K$ is sign changing and $K_{+}$ sufficiently small and flat around its critical points. These solutions are found variationally as minimizers. Here we study, what happens, when the relevant arguments fail to apply, describing on one hand the loss of minimizability generally, while on the other we construct a function $K$, for which saddle point solutions to the conformally prescribed scalar curvature problem still exist.

math.DG↗
arXiv2024

Morphological Evidence for the eROSITA Bubbles Being Giant and Distant Structures

There are two contradictory views of the eROSITA bubbles: either a 10 kpc-scale pair of giant bubbles blown by the Galactic center (GC), or a 100 pc-scale local structure coincidentally located in the direction of GC. A key element of this controversy is the distance to the bubbles. Based on the 3D dust distribution in the Galactic plane, we found three isolated, distant (500-800 pc) clouds at intermediate Galactic latitudes. Their projected morphologies perfectly match the X-ray shadows on the defining features of the north eROSITA bubble, i.e., the North Polar Spur (NPS) and the Lotus Petal Cloud (LPC), indicating that both the NPS and LPC are distant with a distance lower limit of nearly 1kpc. In the X-ray dark region between the NPS and LPC, we found a few polarized radio arcs and attributed them to the bubble's shock front. These arcs match up perfectly with the outer border of the NPS and LPC and provide a way to define the bubble's border. The border defined in this way can be well described by the line-of-sight tangent of a 3D skewed cup model rooted in the GC. We conclude that, instead of being two independent, distant features, NPS and LPC compose a single, giant bubble, which, therefore, is most plausibly a 10-kpc scale bubble rooted at the GC.

astro-ph.GA↗
arXiv2023

Prescribing scalar curvatures: on the negative Yamabe case

The problem of prescribing conformally the scalar curvature on a closed Riemannian manifold of negative Yamabe invariant is always solvable, when the function $K$ to be prescribed is strictly negative, while sufficient and necessary conditions are known for $K\leq 0$. For sign changing $K$ Rauzy showed solvability, if $K$ is not too positive. We revisit this problem in a different variational context, thereby recovering and quantifying the principle existence result of Rauzy and show under additional assumptions, that for a sign changing $K$ solutions to the conformally prescribed scalar curvature problem, while existing, are not unique.

math.DG↗
arXiv2021

Asymptotics of the Poisson kernel and Green's functions of the fractional conformal Laplacian

We study the asymptotics of the Poisson kernel and Green's functions of the fractional conformal Laplacian for conformal infinities of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. We derive sharp expansions of the Poisson kernel and Green's functions of the conformal Laplacian near their singularities. Our expansions of the Green's functions answer the first part of the conjecture of Kim-Musso-Wei[22] in the case of locally flat conformal infinities of Poincar\'e-Einstein manifolds and together with the Poisson kernel asymptotic is used also in our paper [25] to show solvability of the fractional Yamabe problem in that case. Our asymptotics of the Green's functions on the general case of conformal infinities of asymptotically hyperbolic space is used also in [30] to show solvability of the fractional Yamabe problem for conformal infinities of dimension $3$ and fractional parameter in $(\frac{1}{2} , 1)$ to a global case left by previous works.

math.DG↗
arXiv2021

Prescribing Morse scalar curvatures: incompatibility of non existence

Given a closed manifold of positive Yamabe invariant and for instance positive Morse functions upon it, the conformally prescribed scalar curvature problem raises the question, whether or not such functions can by conformally changing the metric be realised as the scalar curvature of this manifold. As we shall quantify depending on the shape and structure of such functions, every lack of a solution for some candidate function leads to existence of energetically uniformly bounded solutions for entire classes of related candidate functions.

math.DG↗
arXiv2020

The Proper Motion of the Central Compact Object RX J0822-4300 in the Supernova Remnant Puppis A, Revisited

We present an improved proper motion measurement of the central compact object RX J0822-4300, located in the supernova remnant Puppis A. By employing a new data set taken in February 2019 by the High Resolution Camera aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we approximately double the available temporal baseline for our analysis to slightly more than 19 years (7000 days). We correct for the astrometric inaccuracy of Chandra using calibrator stars with known optical positions that are detected in all observations. Thereby, we obtain absolute positions of RX J0822-4300 accurate to around $0.1^{\prime\prime}$ and from these a new best estimate for its total proper motion of $\mu_{\rm tot}= (80.4 \pm 7.7)\,\rm{mas\,yr}^{-1}$. For a remnant distance of 2 kpc, this corresponds to a projected kick velocity of $(763 \pm 73)\, \rm{km\,s}^{-1}$ at a position angle of $\phi_0 = (247.8 \pm 4.4)^{\circ}$. The proper motion measurement of RX J0822-4300 is used for discussing the kinematic age of Puppis A.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2019

Silver particles with rhombicuboctahedral shape and effectively isotropic interactions with light

Truly spherical silver nanoparticles are of great importance for fundamental studies including plasmonic applications, but the direct synthesis in aqueous media is not feasible. Using the commonly employed copper-based etching processes, isotropicplasmonic response can be achieved by etching well-defined silver nanocubes. Whilst spherical like shape is typically prevailing in such processes, we established that there is a preferential growth towards silver rhombicuboctahedra (AgRCOs), which is thethermodynamically most stable product of this synthesis. The rhombicuboctahedral morphology is further evidenced by comprehensive characterization with small-angle X-ray scattering in combination with TEM tomographyand high resolution TEM. Wealso elucidate the complete reaction mechanism based on UV-Vis kinetic studies, and the postulated mechanism can also be extended to all copper-based etching processes.

physics.app-ph↗
arXiv2019

Direct Observation of Plasmon Band Formation and Delocalization in Quasi-Infinite Nanoparticle Chains

Chains of metallic nanoparticles sustain strongly confined surface plasmons with relatively low dielectric losses. To exploit these properties in applications,such as waveguides, the fabrication of long chains of low disorder and a thorough understanding of the plasmon-mode properties, such as dispersion relations, are indispensable. Here, we use a wrinkled template for directed self-assembly to assemble chains of gold nanoparticles. With this up-scalable method, chain lengths from two particles (140 nm) to 20 particles (1500 nm) and beyond can be fabricated. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy supported by boundary element simulations, finite-difference time-domain, and a simplified dipole coupling model reveal the evolution of a band of plasmonic waveguide modes from degenerated single-particle modes in detail. In striking difference from plasmonic rod-like structures, the plasmon band is confined in excitation energy, which allows light manipulations below the diffraction limit. The non-degenerated surface plasmon modes show suppressed radiative losses for efficient energy propagation over a distance of 1500 nm.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2019

Prescribing Morse scalar curvatures: pinching and Morse theory

We consider the problem of prescribing conformally the scalar curvature on compact manifolds of positive Yamabe class in dimension $n \geq 5$. We prove new existence results using Morse theory and some analysis on blowing-up solutions, under suitable pinching conditions on the curvature function. We also provide new non-existence results showing the sharpness of some of our assumptions, both in terms of the dimension and of the Morse structure of the prescribed function.

math.AP↗
arXiv2019

Prescribing Morse scalar curvatures: critical points at infinity

The problem of prescribing conformally the scalar curvature of a closed Riemannian manifold as a given Morse function reduces to solving an elliptic partial differential equation with critical Sobolev exponent. Two ways of attacking this problem consist in subcritical approximations or negative pseudo gradient flows. We show under a mild none degeneracy assumption the equivalence of both approaches with respect to zero weak limits, in particular an one to one correspondence of zero weak limit finite energy subcritical blow-up solutions, zero weak limit critical points at infinity of negative type and sets of critical points with negative Laplacian of the function to be prescribed.

math.DG↗
arXiv2018

Prescribing Morse scalar curvatures: subcritical blowing-up solutions

Prescribing conformally the scalar curvature of a Riemannian manifold as a given function consists in solving an elliptic PDE involving the critical Sobolev exponent. One way of attacking this problem consist in using subcritical approximations for the equation, gaining compactness properties. Together with the results in \cite{MM1}, we completely describe the blow-up phenomenon in case of uniformly bounded energy and zero weak limit in positive Yamabe class. In particular, for dimension greater or equal to five, Morse functions and with non-zero Laplacian at each critical point, we show that subsets of critical points with negative Laplacian are in one-to-one correspondence with such subcritical blowing-up solutions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2018

Prescribing Morse scalar curvatures: blow-up analysis

We study finite-energy blow-ups for prescribed Morse scalar curvatures in both the subcritical and the critical regime. After general considerations on Palais-Smale sequences we determine precise blow up rates for subcritical solutions: in particular the possibility of tower bubbles is excluded in all dimensions. In subsequent papers we aim to establish the sharpness of this result, proving a converse existence statement, together with a one to one correspondence of blowing-up subcritical solutions and {\em critical points at infinity}. This analysis will be then applied to deduce new existence results for the geometric problem.

math.AP↗
arXiv2017

Efficient energy propagation through self-assembled gold nanoparticle chain waveguides

The strong interaction of light with metallic nanoparticles enables field confinement well below the diffraction limit. Plasmonic waveguides consisting of metal nanoparticle chains could be used for the propagation of energy or information on the nanoscale, but high losses have thus far impeded practical applications. Here we demonstrate that efficient waveguiding is possible through gold nanoparticle chains despite the high dissipative losses of gold. A DNA origami directed self-assembly of monocrystalline, spherical nanoparticles allows the interparticle spacing to be decreased to 2 nm or below, which gives rise to lower-energy plasmon resonance modes. Our simulations imply that these lower energy modes allow efficient waveguiding but collapse if interparticle gap sizes are increased. Individual waveguides are characterized with nanometer-resolution by electron energy loss spectroscopy, and directed propagation of energy towards a fluorescent nanodiamond and nanoscale energy conversion is shown by cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopy on a single-device level. With this approach, micrometer-long propagation lengths might be achieved, enabling applications in information technology, sensing and quantum optics.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2017

Fractional Yamabe problem on locally flat conformal infinities of Poincare-Einstein manifolds

We study in this paper the fractional Yamabe problem first considered by Gonzalez-Qing on the conformal infinity $(M^n , [h])$ of a Poincar\'e-Einstein manifold $(X^{n+1} , g^+ )$ with either $n = 2$ or $n \geq 3$ and $(M^n , [h])$ is locally flat - namely $(M, h)$ is locally conformally flat. However, as for the classical Yamabe problem, because of the involved quantization phenomena, the variational analysis of the fractional one exhibits also a local situation and a global one. Furthermore the latter global situation includes the case of conformal infinities of Poincar\'e-Einstein manifolds of dimension either 2 or of dimension greater than $2$ and which are locally flat, and hence the minimizing technique of Aubin- Schoen in that case clearly requires an analogue of the positive mass theorem of Schoen-Yau which is not known to hold. Using the algebraic topological argument of Bahri-Coron, we bypass the latter positive mass issue and show that any conformal infinity of a Poincar\'e-Einstein manifold of dimension either $n = 2$ or of dimension $n \geq 3$ and which is locally flat admits a Riemannian metric of constant fractional scalar curvature.

math.DG↗
arXiv2015

An Approach to Complex Bayesian-optimal Approximate Message Passing

In this work we aim to solve the compressed sensing problem for the case of a complex unknown vector by utilizing the Bayesian-optimal structured signal approximate message passing (BOSSAMP) algorithm on the jointly sparse real and imaginary parts of the unknown. By introducing a latent activity variable, BOSSAMP separates the tasks of activity detection and value estimation to overcome the problem of detecting different supports in the real and imaginary parts. We complement the recovery algorithm by two novel support detection schemes that utilize the updated auxiliary variables of BOSSAMP. Simulations show the superiority of our proposed method against approximate message passing (AMP) and its Bayesian-optimal sibling (BAMP), both in mean squared error and support detection performance.

cs.IT↗