arXiv subjects

Martin van Beuzekom

Publications and source records attributed to Martin van Beuzekom.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Demonstration of length control for a filter cavity with coherent control sidebands

For broadband quantum noise reduction of gravitational-wave detectors, a frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum field realized using a filter cavity is the most promising technique and will be implemented in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo in the fourth observing run. To obtain the benefit of frequency-dependent squeezing, the length and alignment of the filter cavity with respect to the squeezed vacuum field must be accurately controlled. To this purpose, a new length and alignment control scheme for a filter cavity, using coherent control sidebands, was suggested [Phys. Rev. D 102, 042003 (2020)]. The coherent control sidebands are already used to control the squeezing angle in squeezed vacuum sources for gravitational-wave detectors. As both the squeezed vacuum field and coherent control sidebands have the same mode-matching conditions and almost the same frequency, the length and alignment of the filter cavity with respect to the squeezed vacuum field can be accurately controlled with this scheme. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the new control scheme for a filter cavity with coherent control sidebands. In addition to the conventional filter cavity control with the green field, we succeed in controlling the length of a 300-m filter cavity with coherent control sidebands and reduce the filter cavity length noise (rms) from 6.8 to 2.1 pm.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Resonant enhanced detection of the higher-order modes of a locked cavity

Current gravitational-wave (GW) detectors are limited in the amount of circulating power they can reach. Optical absorption in the test masses leads to thermal effects that shift the eigenmodes of the optical cavities, and cause control issues such as parametric instabilities. Here we experimentally validate a novel technique using optical injection to measure the mode amplitudes within an optical resonator. We use a phase camera, similar to the ones installed at gravitational-wave detectors, in transmission of the cavity, to confirm the mode basis and image modes up to order 10. We showcase as well the capability of the phase camera to determine the optical phase between the carrier fundamental mode and other co-resonating higher-order modes, which can be used for optical suppression of parametric instabilities and automatic mode matching. These results highlight the relevance of implementing a similar scheme in current GW detectors to monitor thermal effects.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

The Timepix4 Beam Telescope

The spatial and temporal performance of a telescope system comprising planar silicon sensors bump-bonded to Timepix4-v2 ASICs are assessed at the CERN SPS using a $180$~GeV/$c$ mixed hadron beam. The pointing resolution at the centre of the telescope is $2.3 \pm 0.1\;\mathrm{μm}$ and $2.4 \pm 0.1\mathrm{μm}$ in x and y directions, respectively. The temporal resolution for the combined timestamps on a track using only the information from the Timepix4 planes is found to be $92 \pm 5$~ps. The telescope is extensively described including its data acquisition system and dedicated software as well as the corrections applied to the raw measurements.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Antiproton annihilation at rest in thin solid targets and comparison with Monte Carlo simulations

The mechanism of antiproton-nucleus annihilation at rest is not fully understood, despite substantial previous experimental and theoretical work. In this study we used slow extracted antiprotons from the ASACUSA apparatus at CERN to measure the charged particle multiplicities and their energy deposits from antiproton annihilations at rest on three different nuclei: carbon, molybdenum and gold. The results are compared with predictions from different models in the simulation tools Geant4 and FLUKA. A model that accounts for all the observed features is still missing, as well as measurements at low energies, to validate such models.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2024

Timing resolution performance of Timepix4 bump-bonded assemblies

The timing performance of the Timepix4 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) bump-bonded to a $100\;μ\textrm{m}$ thick n-on-p silicon sensor is presented. A picosecond pulsed infrared laser was used to generate electron-hole pairs in the silicon bulk in a repeatable fashion, controlling the amount, position and time of the stimulated charge signal. The timing resolution for a single pixel has been measured to $107\;\textrm{ps}$ r.m.s. for laser-stimulated signals in the silicon sensor bulk. Considering multi-pixel clusters, the measured timing resolution reached $33\;\textrm{ps}$ r.m.s. exploiting oversampling of the timing information over several pixels.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

Transverse Mode Control in Quantum Enhanced Interferometers: A Review and Recommendations for a New Generation

Adaptive optics has made significant advancement over the past decade, becoming the essential technology in a wide variety of applications, particularly in the realm of quantum optics. One key area of impact is gravitational-wave detection, where quantum correlations are distributed over kilometer-long distances by beams with hundreds of kilowatts of optical power. Decades of development were required to develop robust and stable techniques to sense mismatches between the Gaussian beams and the resonators, all while maintaining the quantum correlations. Here we summarize the crucial advancements in transverse mode control required for gravitational-wave detection. As we look towards the advanced designs of future detectors, we highlight key challenges and offer recommendations for the design of these instruments. We conclude the review with a discussion of the broader application of adaptive optics in quantum technologies: communication, computation, imaging and sensing.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2022

Reconstruction of charged tracks with Timepix4 ASICs

The design of a detector system comprised of four silicon sensors bump-bonded to Timepix4 ASICs is described together with its data acquisition system, operational infrastructure, and dedicated software. The spatial and temporal performance of the system are assessed with a 180 GeV/c mixed hadron beam at the CERN SPS and reported in detail. Particle tracks are reconstructed using time-space measurements from the four detector planes. The spatial hit resolution is assessed to be $(15.5\pm 0.5)$ $μ$m and $(4.5\pm0.3)$ $μ$m for 100 and 300 $μ$m thick sensors, respectively. The timestamps from the detectors are also measured with fine precision, yielding time resolutions of $(452\pm10)$ ps, $(420\pm10)$ ps, $(639\pm10)$ ps, $(631\pm10)$ ps for the two 100 and two 300 $μ$m thick sensors respectively. These measurements are combined to a track time resolution of $(340\pm 5)$ ps.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

Improving the stability of frequency dependent squeezing with bichromatic control of filter cavity length, alignment and incident beam pointing

Frequency dependent squeezing is the main upgrade for achieving broadband quantum noise reduction in upcoming observation runs of gravitational wave detectors. The proper frequency dependence of the squeezed quadrature is obtained by reflecting squeezed vacuum from a Fabry-Perot filter cavity detuned by half of its linewidth. However, since the squeezed vacuum contains no classical amplitude, co-propagating auxiliary control beams are required to achieve the filter cavity's length, alignment, and incident beam pointing stability. In our frequency dependent squeezing experiment at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, we used a control beam at a harmonic of squeezed vacuum wavelength and found visible detuning variation related to the suspended mirrors angular drift. These variations can degrade interferometer quantum noise reduction. We investigated various mechanisms that can cause the filter cavity detuning variation. The detuning drift is found to be mitigated sufficiently by fixing the incident beam pointing and applying filter cavity automatic alignment. It was also found that there is an optimal position of the beam on the filter cavity mirror that helps to reduce the detuning fluctuations. Here we report a stabilized filter cavity detuning variation of less than 10$\,$Hz compared to the 113$\,$Hz cavity linewidth. Compared to previously published results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 171101 (2020)], such detuning stability would be sufficient to make filter cavity detuning drift induced gravitational wave detector detection range fluctuation reduce from $11\%$ to within $2\%$.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Temporal characterisation of silicon sensors on Timepix3 ASICs

The timing performance of silicon sensors bump-bonded to Timepix3 ASICs is investigated, prior to and after different types of irradiation up to $8 \times 10^{15} 1 \mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V} \mathrm{ \,n_{eq}} {\mathrm{ \,cm}}^{-2}$. The sensors have been tested with a beam of charged particles in two different configurations, perpendicular to and almost parallel to the incident beam. The second approach, known as the grazing angles method, is shown to be a powerful method to investigate not only the charge collection, but also the time-to-threshold properties as a function of the depth at which the charges are liberated.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

LHCb VELO Timepix3 Telescope

The LHCb VELO Timepix3 telescope is a silicon pixel tracking system constructed initially to evaluate the performance of LHCb VELO Upgrade prototypes. The telesope consists of eight hybrid pixel silicon sensor planes equipped with the Timepix3 ASIC. The planes provide excellent charge measurement, timestamping and spatial resolution and the system can function at high track rates. This paper describes the construction of the telescope and its data acquisition system and offline reconstruction software. A timing resolution of 350~ps was obtained for reconstructed tracks. A pointing resolution of better than 2~\mum was determined for the 180~GeV/c %\gevc mixed hadron beam at the CERN SPS. The telescope has been shown to operate at a rate of 5 million particles~\unit{s^{-1}\cdot cm^{-2}} without a loss in efficiency.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2017

Coincidence velocity map imaging using Tpx3Cam, a time stamping optical camera with 1.5 ns timing resolution

We demonstrate a coincidence velocity map imaging apparatus equipped with a novel time stamping fast optical camera, Tpx3Cam, whose high sensitivity and ns timing resolution allow for simultaneous position and time-of-flight detection. This single detector design is simple, flexible and capable of highly differential measurements. We show detailed characterization of the camera and its application in strong field ionization experiments.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

The Timepix Telescope for High Performance Particle Tracking

The Timepix particle tracking telescope has been developed as part of the LHCb VELO Upgrade project, supported by the Medipix Collaboration and the AIDA framework. It is a primary piece of infrastructure for the VELO Upgrade project and is being used for the development of new sensors and front end technologies for several upcoming LHC trackers and vertexing systems. The telescope is designed around the dual capability of the Timepix ASICs to provide information about either the deposited charge or the timing information from tracks traversing the 14 x 14mm matrix of 55 x 55 um pixels. The rate of reconstructed tracks available is optimised by taking advantage of the shutter driven readout architecture of the Timepix chip, operated with existing readout systems. Results of tests conducted in the SPS North Area beam facility at CERN show that the telescope typically provides reconstructed track rates during the beam spills of between 3.5 and 7.5 kHz, depending on beam conditions. The tracks are time stamped with 1 ns resolution with an efficiency of above 98% and provide a pointing resolution at the centre of the telescope of 1.6 um . By dropping the time stamping requirement the rate can be increased to 15 kHz, at the expense of a small increase in background. The telescope infrastructure provides CO2 cooling and a flexible mechanical interface to the device under test, and has been used for a wide range of measurements during the 2011-2012 data taking campaigns.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2011

Charged Particle Tracking with the Timepix ASIC

A prototype particle tracking telescope has been constructed using Timepix and Medipix ASIC hybrid pixel assemblies as the six sensing planes. Each telescope plane consisted of one 1.4 cm2 assembly, providing a 256x256 array of 55 micron square pixels. The telescope achieved a pointing resolution of 2.3 micron at the position of the device under test. During a beam test in 2009 the telescope was used to evaluate in detail the performance of two Timepix hybrid pixel assemblies; a standard planar 300 micron thick sensor, and 285 micron thick double sided 3D sensor. This paper describes a detailed charge calibration study of the pixel devices, which allows the true charge to be extracted, and reports on measurements of the charge collection characteristics and Landau distributions. The planar sensor achieved a best resolution of 4.0 micron for angled tracks, and resolutions of between 4.4 and 11 micron for perpendicular tracks, depending on the applied bias voltage. The double sided 3D sensor, which has significantly less charge sharing, was found to have an optimal resolution of 9.0 micron for angled tracks, and a resolution of 16.0 micron for perpendicular tracks. Based on these studies it is concluded that the Timepix ASIC shows an excellent performance when used as a device for charged particle tracking.

physics.ins-det↗