arXiv subjects

Martin-Isbjörn Trappe

Publications and source records attributed to Martin-Isbjörn Trappe.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

A passive atomtronics filter for Fermi gases

We design an atomtronic filter device that spatially separates the components of a two-component Fermi gas with repulsive contact interactions in a two-dimensional geometry. With the aid of density--potential functional theory (DPFT), which can accurately simulate Fermi gases in realistic settings, we propose and characterize a barbell-shaped trapping potential, where a bridge-shaped potential connects two ring-shaped potentials. In the strongly repulsive regime, each of the ring traps eventually stores one of the fermion species. Our simulations are a guide to designing component filters for initially mixed, weakly repulsive spin components. We demonstrate that the functioning of this barbell design is robust against variations in experimental settings, for example, across particle numbers, for small deformations of the trap geometry, or if interatomic interactions differ from the bare contact repulsion. Our investigation marks the first step in establishing DPFT as a comprehensive simulation framework for fermionic atomtronics.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2024

Phase separation of a repulsive two-component Fermi gas at the two- to three-dimensional crossover

We present a theoretical analysis of phase separations between two repulsively interacting components in an ultracold fermionic gas, occurring at the dimensional crossover in a harmonic trap with varying aspect ratios. A tailored kinetic energy functional is derived and combined with a density-potential functional approach to develop a framework that is benchmarked with the orbital-based method. We investigate the changes in the density profile of the phase-separated gas under different interaction strengths and geometries. The analysis reveals the existence of small, partially polarized domains in certain parameter regimes, which is similar to the purely two-dimensional limit. However, the density profile is further enriched by a shell structure found in anisotropic traps. We also track the transitions that can be driven by either a change in interaction strength or trap geometry. The developed framework is noted to have applications for other systems with repulsive interactions that combine continuous and discrete degrees of freedom.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2023

Single-particle-exact density functional theory

We introduce 'single-particle-exact density functional theory' (1pEx-DFT), a novel density functional approach that represents all single-particle contributions to the energy with exact functionals. Here, we parameterize interaction energy functionals by utilizing two new schemes for constructing density matrices from 'participation numbers' of the single-particle states of quantum many-body systems. These participation numbers play the role of the variational variables akin to the particle densities in standard orbital-free density functional theory. We minimize the total energies with the help of evolutionary algorithms and obtain ground-state energies that are typically accurate at the one-percent level for our proof-of-principle simulations that comprise interacting Fermi gases as well as the electronic structure of atoms and ions, with and without relativistic corrections. We thereby illustrate the ingredients and practical features of 1pEx-DFT and reveal its potential of becoming an accurate, scalable, and transferable technology for simulating mesoscopic quantum many-body systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2023

Atoms, dimers, and nanoparticles from orbital-free density-potential functional theory

Density-potential functional theory (DPFT) is an alternative formulation of orbital-free density functional theory that may be suitable for modeling the electronic structure of large systems. To date, DPFT has been applied mainly to quantum gases in one- and two dimensional settings. In this work, we study the performance of DPFT when applied to real-life systems: atoms, dimers, and nanoparticles. We build on systematic Suzuki-Trotter factorizations of the quantum-mechanical propagator and on the Wigner function formalism, respectively, to derive nonlocal as well as semilocal functional approximations in complete analogy to their well-established lower-dimensional versions -- without resorting to system-specific approximations or ad-hoc measures of any kind. The cost for computing the associated semiclassical ground-state single-particle density scales (quasi-)linearly with particle number. We illustrate that the developed density formulae become relatively more accurate for larger particle numbers, can be improved systematically, are quite universally applicable, and, hence, may offer alternatives to existing orbital-free methods for mesoscopic quantum systems.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2023

Contactium: A strongly correlated model system

At the limit of an infinite confinement strength $ω$, the ground state of a system that comprises two fermions or bosons in a harmonic confinement interacting through the Fermi--Huang pseudopotential remains strongly correlated. A detailed analysis of the one-particle description of this ``contactium'' reveals several peculiarities that are not encountered in conventional model systems (such as the two-electron harmonium atom, ballium, and spherium) involving Coulombic interparticle interactions. First of all, none of the natural orbitals (NOs) $\{ ψ_\mathfrak{n}(ω;\vec r) \}$ of the contactium is unoccupied, which implies nonzero collective occupancies for all the angular momenta. Second, the NOs and their nonascendingly ordered occupation numbers $\{ ν_\mathfrak{n} \}$ turn out to be related to the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a zero-energy Schrödinger equation with an attractive Gaussian potential. This observation enables the derivation of their properties such as the $\mathfrak{n}^{-4/3}$ asymptotic decay of $ν_\mathfrak{n}$ at the $\mathfrak{n} \to \infty$ limit (which differs from that of $\mathfrak{n}^{-8/3}$ in the Coulombic systems), the independence of the confinement energy ${v_\mathfrak{n} = \langle ψ_\mathfrak{n}(ω;\vec r) | \frac{1}{2} % ω^2r^2 | ψ_\mathfrak{n}(ω;\vec r) \rangle}$ of $\mathfrak{n}$, and the $\mathfrak{n}^{-2/3}$ asymptotic decay of the respective contribution $ν_\mathfrak{n}t_\mathfrak{n}$ to the kinetic energy. Upon suitable scaling, the weakly occupied NOs of the contactium turn out to be virtually identical with those of the two-electron harmonium atom at the ${ω\to \infty}$ limit, despite the entirely different interparticle interactions in these systems.

physics.chem-ph↗

arXiv2022

Energy functionals of single-particle densities: A unified view

Density functional theory is usually formulated in terms of the density in configuration space. Functionals of the momentum-space density have also been studied, and yet other densities could be considered. We offer a unified view from a second-quantized perspective and introduce a version of density functional theory that treats all single-particle contributions to the energy exactly. An appendix deals with semiclassical eigenvalues.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2021

Density-potential functional theory for fermions in one dimension

We showcase the advantages of orbital-free density-potential functional theory (DPFT), a more flexible variant of Hohenberg-Kohn density functional theory. DPFT resolves the usual trouble with the gradient-expanded kinetic energy functional by facilitating systematic semiclassical approximations in terms of an effective potential energy that incorporates all interactions. With the aid of two systematic approximation schemes we demonstrate that DPFT is not only scalable, universally applicable in both position and momentum space, and allows kinetic and interaction energy to be approximated consistently, but can also compete with highly accurate, yet restricted, methods. As two- and three-dimensional geometries are extensively covered elsewhere, our focus here is on one-dimensional settings, with semiclassical observables systematically derived from both the Wigner function formalism and a split-operator approach. The high quality of our results for Fermi gases in Morse potentials invites the use of DPFT for describing more exotic systems, such as trapped large-spin fermion mixtures with contact or dipole-dipole interactions.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2021

Phase Transitions of Repulsive Two-Component Fermi Gases in Two Dimensions

We predict the phase separations of two-dimensional Fermi gases with repulsive contact-type interactions between two spin components. Using density-potential functional theory with systematic semiclassical approximations, we address the long-standing problem of itinerant ferromagnetism in realistic settings. We reveal a universal transition from the paramagnetic state at small repulsive interactions towards ferromagnetic density profiles at large interaction strengths, with intricate particle-number dependent phases in between. Building on quantum Monte Carlo results for uniform systems, we benchmark our simulations against Hartree-Fock calculations for a small number of trapped fermions. We thereby demonstrate that our employed corrections to the mean-field interaction energy and especially to the Thomas-Fermi kinetic energy functional are necessary for reliably predicting properties of trapped mesoscopic Fermi gases. The density patterns of the ground state survive at low finite temperatures and confirm the Stoner-type polarization behavior across a universal interaction parameter, albeit with substantial quantitative differences that originate in the trapping potential and the quantum-corrected kinetic energy. We also uncover a zoo of metastable configurations that are energetically comparable to the ground-state density profiles and are thus likely to be observed in experiments. We argue that our density-functional approach can be easily applied to interacting multi-component Fermi gases in general.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

Fourth-order leapfrog algorithms for numerical time evolution of classical and quantum systems

Chau et al. [New J. Phys. 20, 073003 (2018)] presented a new and straight-forward derivation of a fourth-order approximation '$U_7$' of the time-evolution operator and hinted at its potential value as a symplectic integrator. $U_7$ is based on the Suzuki-Trotter split-operator method and leads to an algorithm for numerical time propagation that is superior to established methods. We benchmark the performance of $U_7$ and other algorithms, including a Runge-Kutta method and another recently developed Suzuki-Trotter-based scheme, that are exact up to fourth order in the evolution parameter, against various classical and quantum systems. We find $U_7$ to deliver any given target accuracy with the lowest computational cost, across all systems and algorithms tested here. This study is accompanied by open-source numerical software that we hope will prove valuable in the classroom.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2019

First-principles quantum corrections for carrier correlations in double-layer two-dimensional heterostructures

We present systematic ab initio calculations of the charge carrier correlations between adjacent layers of two-dimensional materials in the presence of both charged impurity and strain disorder potentials using the examples of monolayer and bilayer graphene. For the first time, our analysis yields unambiguous first-principles quantum corrections to the Thomas--Fermi densities for interacting two-dimensional systems described by orbital-free density functional theory. Specifically, using density-potential functional theory, we find that quantum corrections to the quasi-classical Thomas-Fermi approximation have to be taken into account even for heterostructures of mesoscopic size. In order for the disorder-induced puddles of electrons and holes to be anti-correlated at zero average carrier density for both layers, the strength of the strain potential has to exceed that of the impurity potential by at least a factor of ten, with this number increasing for smaller impurity densities. Furthermore, our results show that quantum corrections have a larger impact on puddle correlations than exchange does, and they are necessary for properly predicting the experimentally observed Gaussian energy distribution at charge neutrality.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Systematic corrections to the Thomas-Fermi approximation without a gradient expansion

We improve on the Thomas-Fermi approximation for the single-particle density of fermions by introducing inhomogeneity corrections. Rather than invoking a gradient expansion, we relate the density to the unitary evolution operator for the given effective potential energy and approximate this operator by a Suzuki-Trotter factorization. This yields a hierarchy of approximations, one for each approximate factorization. For the purpose of a first benchmarking, we examine the approximate densities for a few cases with known exact densities and observe a very satisfactory, and encouraging, performance. As a bonus, we also obtain a simple fourth-order leapfrog algorithm for the symplectic integration of classical equations of motion.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2017

Airy-averaged gradient corrections for two-dimensional fermion gases

Building on the discussion in PRA 93, 042510 (2016), we present a systematic derivation of gradient corrections to the kinetic-energy functional and the one-particle density, in particular for two-dimensional systems. We derive the leading gradient corrections from a semiclassical expansion based on Wigner's phase space formalism and demonstrate that the semiclassical kinetic-energy density functional at zero temperature cannot be evaluated unambiguously. In contrast, a density-potential functional description that effectively incorporates interactions provides unambiguous gradient corrections. Employing an averaging procedure that involves Airy functions, thereby partially resumming higher-order gradient corrections, we facilitate a smooth transition of the particle density into the classically forbidden region of arbitrary smooth potentials. We find excellent agreement of the semiclassical Airy-averaged particle densities with the exact densities for very low but finite temperatures, illustrated for a Fermi gas with harmonic potential energy. We furthermore provide criteria for the applicability of the semiclassical expansions at low temperatures. Finally, we derive a well-behaved ground-state kinetic-energy functional, which improves on the Thomas-Fermi approximation.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2016

Leading gradient correction to the kinetic energy for two-dimensional fermion gases

Density functional theory (DFT) is notorious for the absence of gradient corrections to the two-dimensional (2D) Thomas-Fermi kinetic-energy functional; it is widely accepted that the 2D analog of the 3D von Weizsäcker correction vanishes, together with all higher-order corrections. Contrary to this long-held belief, we show that the leading correction to the kinetic energy does not vanish, is unambiguous, and contributes perturbatively to the total energy. This insight emerges naturally in a simple extension of standard DFT, which has the effective potential energy as a functional variable on equal footing with the single-particle density.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2016

Geometric phases causing lifetime modifications of metastable states of hydrogen

Externally applied electromagnetic fields in general have an influence on the width of atomic spectral lines. The decay rates of atomic states can also be affected by the geometry of an applied field configuration giving rise to an imaginary geometric phase. A specific chiral electromagnetic field configuration is presented which geometrically modifies the lifetimes of metastable states of hydrogen. We propose to extract the relevant observables in a realistic longitudinal atomic beam spin-echo apparatus which allows the initial and final fluxes of the metastable atoms to be compared with each other interferometrically. A geometry-induced change in lifetimes at the 5%-level is found, an effect large enough to be observed in an available experiment.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2015

Semiclassical spectral function for matter waves in random potentials

An $\hbar$-expansion is presented for the ensemble-averaged spectral function of noninteracting matter waves in random potentials. We obtain the leading quantum corrections to the deep classical limit at high energies by the Wigner-Weyl formalism. The analytical results are checked with success against numerical data for Gaussian and laser speckle potentials with Gaussian spatial correlation in two dimensions.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗