Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Masakazu Teragaito

Publications and source records attributed to Masakazu Teragaito.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2022

Generalized torsion, unique root property and Baumslag--Solitar relation for knot groups

Let $G$ be a group. If an equation $x^n = y^n$ in $G$ implies $x = y$ for any elements $x$ and $y$, then $G$ is called an $R$--group. It is completely understood which knot groups are $R$--groups. Fay and Walls introduced $\bar{R}$--group in which the normalizer and the centralizer of an isolator of $\langle x \rangle$ coincide for any non-trivial element $x$. It is known that $\bar{R}$--groups and $R$--groups share many interesting properties and $\bar{R}$--groups are necessarily $R$--groups. However, in general, the converse does not hold. We will prove that these classes are the same for knot groups. In the course of the proof, we will determine knot groups with generalized torsion of order two.

math.GT↗
arXiv2021

Generalized torsion for hyperbolic $3$--manifold groups with arbitrary large rank

Let $G$ be a group and $g$ a non-trivial element in $G$. If some non-empty finite product of conjugates of $g$ equals to the trivial element, then $g$ is called a generalized torsion element. To the best of our knowledge, we have no hyperbolic $3$--manifold groups with generalized torsion elements whose rank is explicitly known to be greater than two. The aim of this short note is to demonstrate that for a given integer $n > 1$ there are infinitely many closed hyperbolic $3$--manifolds $M_n$ which enjoy the property: (i) the Heegaard genus of $M_n$ is $n$, (ii) the rank of the fundamental group of $M_n$ is $n$, and (ii) the fundamental group of $M_n$ has a generalized torsion element. Furthermore, we may choose $M_n$ as homology lens spaces and so that the order of the generalized torsion element is arbitrarily large.

math.GT↗
arXiv2021

Generalized torsion for knots with arbitrarily high genus

In a group, a non-trivial element is called a generalized torsion element if some non-empty finite product of its conjugates equals to the identity. We say that a knot has generalized torsion if its knot group admits such an element. For a (2, 2q+1)-torus knot K, we demonstrate that there are infinitely many unknots c such that p-twisting K about c yields a twist family, which consists of hyperbolic knots with generalized torsion whenever |p| > 3. This gives a new infinite class of hyperbolic knots having generalized torsion. In particular, each class contains knots with arbitrarily high genus. We also show that some twisted torus knots, including the (-2, 3, 7)-pretzel knot, have generalized torsion. Since generalized torsion is an obstruction for having bi-order, these knots have non-bi-orderable knot groups.

math.GT↗
arXiv2020

Generalized torsion and Dehn filling

A generalized torsion element is a non-trivial element such that some non-empty finite product of its conjugates is the identity. We construct a generalized torsion element of the fundamental group of a 3-manifold obtained by Dehn surgery along a knot in the 3-sphere.

math.GT↗
arXiv2020

Generalized torsion elements and hyperbolic links

In a group, a generalized torsion element is a non-identity element whose some non-empty finite product of its conjugates yields the identity. Such an element is an obstruction for a group to be bi-orderable. We show that the Weeks manifold, the figure-eight sister manifold, and the complement of Whitehead sister link admit generalized torsion elements in their fundamental groups. In particular, the Whitehead sister link, which is the pretzel link of type (-2,3,8), can be generalized to hyperbolic pretzel links of type (-2,3,2n), n>3. These give the first examples of hyperbolic links whose link groups admit generalized torsion elements.

math.GT↗
arXiv2020

Left orderable surgeries of double twist knots II

A slope $r$ is called a left orderable slope of a knot $K \subset S^3$ if the 3-manifold obtained by $r$-surgery along $K$ has left orderable fundamental group. Consider two-bridge knots $C(2m, \pm 2n)$ and $C(2m+1, -2n)$ in the Conway notation, where $m \ge 1$ and $n \ge 2$ are integers. By using \textit{continuous} families of hyperbolic $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$-representations of knot groups, it was shown in \cite{HT-genus1, Tr} that any slope in $(-4n, 4m)$ (resp. $[0, \max\{4m, 4n\})$) is a left orderable slope of $C(2m, 2n)$ (resp. $C(2m, - 2n)$) and in \cite{Ga} that any slope in $(-4n,0]$ is a left orderable slope of $C(2m+1,-2n)$. However, the proofs of these results are incomplete since the \textit{continuity} of the families of representations was not proved. In this paper, we complete these proofs and moreover we show that any slope in $(-4n, 4m)$ is a left orderable slope of $C(2m+1,-2n)$ detected by hyperbolic $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$-representations of the knot group.

math.GT↗
arXiv2019

Nontrivial elements in a knot group which are trivialized by Dehn fillings

Let K be a nontrivial knot in the 3-sphere with the exterior E(K), and u in G(K), the fundamental group of E(K), a slope element represented by an essential simple closed curve on the boundary of E(K). Since the normal closure of u in G(K) coincides with that of the inverse of u, and u and its inverse u correspond to a slope r, a rational number or 1/0, we write << r >> = << u >>. The normal closure << u >> describes elements which are trivialized by r-Dehn filling of E(K). In this article, we prove that << r_1 >> =<< r_2 >> if and only if r_1 = r_2, and for a given finite family of slopes S = {r_1, ..., r_n}, the intersection of << r_1 >> , << r_2>>, ..., and << r_n >> contains infinitely many elements except when K is a (p, q)-torus knot and pq belongs to S. We also investigate inclusion relation among normal closures of slope elements.

math.GT↗
arXiv2018

Generalized torsion and decomposition of 3-manifolds

A nontrivial element in a group is a generalized torsion element if some nonempty finite product of its conjugates is the identity. We prove that any generalized torsion element in a free product of torsion-free groups is conjugate to a generalized torsion element in some factor group. This implies that the fundamental group of a compact orientable $3$-manifold $M$ has a generalized torsion element if and only if the fundamental group of some prime factor of $M$ has a generalized torsion element. On the other hand, we demonstrate that there are infinitely many toroidal $3$-manifolds whose fundamental group has a generalized torsion element, while the fundamental group of each decomposing piece has no such elements.

math.GT↗
arXiv2016

Generalized torsion elements and bi-orderability of 3-manifold groups

It is known that a bi-orderable group has no generalized torsion element, but the converse does not hold in general. We conjecture that the converse holds for the fundamental groups of 3-manifolds, and verify the conjecture for non-hyperbolic, geometric 3-manifolds. We also confirm the conjecture for some infinite families of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In the course of the proof, we prove that each standard generator of the Fibonacci group F(2,m) (m>2) is a generalized torsion element.

math.GT↗
arXiv2015

Generalized torsion elements in the knot groups of twist knots

It is well known that any knot group is torsion-free, but it may admit a generalized torsion element. We show that the knot group of any negative twist knot admits a generalized torsion element. This is a generalization of the same claim for the knot $5_2$, which is the $(-2)$-twist knot, by Naylor and Rolfsen.

math.GT↗
arXiv2014

Cyclic branched covers of alternating knots and $L$-spaces

For any alternating knot, it is known that the double branched cover of the $3$-sphere branched over the knot is an $L$-space. We show that the three-fold cyclic branched cover is also an $L$-space for any genus one alternating knot.

math.GT↗
arXiv2013

Left-orderable, non-L-space surgeries on knots

Let K be a knot in the 3--sphere. An r-surgery on K is left-orderable if the resulting 3--manifold K(r) of the surgery has left-orderable fundamental group, and an r-surgery on K is called an L-space surgery if K(r) is an L-space. A conjecture of Boyer, Gordon and Watson says that non-reducing surgeries on K can be classified into left-orderable surgeries or L-space surgeries. We introduce a way to provide knots with left-orderable, non-L-space surgeries. As an application we present infinitely many hyperbolic knots on each of which every nontrivial surgery is a hyperbolic, left-orderable, non-L-space surgery.

math.GT↗
arXiv2012

Triple crossing numbers of graphs

We introduce the triple crossing number, a variation of crossing number, of a graph, which is the minimal number of crossing points in all drawings with only triple crossings of the graph. It is defined to be zero for a planar graph, and to be infinite unless a graph admits a drawing with only triple crossings. In this paper, we determine the triple crossing numbers for all complete multipartite graphs including all complete graphs.

math.CO↗