arXiv subjects

Masamichi Nishino

Publications and source records attributed to Masamichi Nishino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Phase diagram of the dipolar Ising ferromagnet on a kagome lattice

We study the field--temperature phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Ising ferromagnet on a kagome lattice with a specific ratio between the exchange and dipolar constants, $δ= 1$. Using the stochastic cutoff (SCO) $O(N)$ Monte Carlo method, we calculated order parameters for stripe and bubble phases and other thermodynamical quantities. We find two kinds of stripe phases at low fields, where the arrangement of the branch spins neighboring the stripe frame varies, and two bubble phases at high fields, in which three-spin domains (bubbles) form a regular triangular lattice but the triangular array of bubbles changes on a kagome lattice. We also find that with increasing the field, there exist a disordered phase between the stripe and bubble phases and between the two bubble phases. We discuss the details of the features of these phases and phase transitions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2021

Phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the Ising anisotropy

We study phase transitions in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the Ising anisotropy ($η$), and the dipolar interaction under zero and finite magnetic fields ($H$). For three typical strengths (zero, weak, and strong) of the dipolar interaction, we present the $H$-$η$ phase diagrams by estimating order parameters for skyrmion-lattice and helical phases and in-plane magnetization by using a Monte Carlo method with an $O(N)$ algorithm. We find in the phase diagrams three types of skyrmion-lattice phases, i.e., two square lattices and a triangular lattice, helical phases with diagonal and vertical (or horizontal) stripes, canted ferromagnetic phase and polarized ferromagnetic phase. The effect of the dipolar interaction varies the types of the skyrmion and helical phases in a complex manner. The dipolar interaction also expands the regions of the ordered phases accompanying shifts of the phase boundaries to the positive $H$ and $η$ directions, and causes increase of the density of skyrmions and shortening of the pitch length (stripe width) of helical structures. We discuss the details of the features of the phase transitions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2020

Nontrivial temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance frequency for spin reorientation transitions

We find unusual temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency $f_{\rm R}$ for the spin-reorientation (SR) transition, in which the easy axis changes depending on temperature, observed in the Nd permanent magnet, Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B: $f_{\rm R} \sim 0$ below the SR transition temperature ($T_{\rm R}$), drastic increase of $f_{\rm R}$ around $T_{\rm R}$, and decrease from a peak at higher temperatures. It is nontrivial that the SR transition causes the unusual behavior of the FMR frequency in a wide temperature region. We show the mechanism of the temperature dependence by theoretical and computational analyses. We derive a general relation between $f_{\rm R}$ and magnetizations to help the understanding of the mechanism, and clarify that the fluctuation of the transverse magnetization is a key ingredient for the resonance in all temperature regions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2020

The effect of the surface magnetic anisotropy of the neodymium atoms on the coercivity in the neodymium permanent magnet

The Nd permanent magnet (Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B) is an indispensable material used in modern energy conversion devices. The realization of high coercivity at finite temperatures is a burning issue. One of the important ingredients for controlling the coercive force is the surface property of magnetic grains. It has been reported by first-principles studies that the Nd atoms in the first (001) surface layer facing the vacuum have in-plane anisotropy perpendicular to the $c$ axis, which may decrease the coercivity. Focusing on the surface anisotropy effect on the coercivity, we examine the coercivity at zero and finite temperatures by using an atomistic model reflecting the lattice structure of the Nd magnet with a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation method. We study general three cases, in which the Nd atoms in surface layers have (1) no anisotropy, (2) in-plane anisotropy, and (3) reinforced anisotropy for two types of surfaces, (001) and (100) surfaces. We find that in contrast to the zero-temperature case, due to the thermal fluctuation effect, the modification of only the first surface layer has little effect on the coercivity at finite temperatures. However, the modification of a few layers results in significant effects. We discuss the details of the dependence of the coercivity on temperature, type of surface, and modified layer depth, and also the features of domain growth in magnetization reversal.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2019

Anisotropy-temperature phase diagram for the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg model with and without magnetic field

We investigate phase transitions in the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg model with uniaxial anisotropy with a specific ratio between the exchange and dipolar constants, $δ=1$. We obtain the $η$--$T$ (anisotropy vs. temperature) phase diagrams for typical values of magnetic field by a Monte Carlo method with an $O(N)$ algorithm. We find that at lower fields, the $η$--$T$ phase diagram consists of the planar ferromagnetic (F), (perpendicular) stripe-ordered (SO), and paramagnetic (P) phases, and is characterized by the triple point. In the SO phase realized at larger $η$ and smaller $T$, the SO pattern changes depending on the field. On the other hand, we find that at higher fields, the SO phase does not exist, while the planer F phase robustly remains. We study the properties of the phase boundaries by employing finite-size-scaling analyses. We find that the slope of the spin-reorientation-transition line is positive with and without field, i.e., $\frac{dη}{dT}>0$, which implies that the planar F phase changes to the SO phase with lowering temperature. In the phase diagrams we observe a characteristic shape of the P--planer F phase-transition line, whose maximum point of $η$ is located at an intermediate temperature. This structure leads to the temperature-induced reentrant transition associated with P and planar F phases, which appears in successive phase transitions with lowering temperature: P $\rightarrow$ planar F $\rightarrow$ P $\rightarrow$ SO phase at lower fields and P $\rightarrow$ planar F $\rightarrow$ P phases at higher fields.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2018

Multistability in an unusual phase diagram induced by the competition between antiferromagnetic-like short-range and ferromagnetic-like long-range interactions

The interplay between competing short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) interactions can cause nontrivial structures in phase diagrams. Recently, horn-shaped unusual structures were found by Monte Carlo simulations in the phase diagram of the Ising antiferromagnet (IA) with infinite-range ferromagnetic-like (F) interactions [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 93}, 064109 (2016); {\bf 96}, 174428 (2017)], and also in an IA with LR interactions of elastic origin modeling spin-crossover materials [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 96}, 144425 (2017)]. To clarify the nature of the phases associated with the horn structures, we study the phase diagram of the IA model with infinite-range F interactions by applying a variational free energy in a cluster mean-field (CMF) approximation. While the simple Bragg-Williams mean-field theory for each sublattice does not produce a horn structure, we find such structures with the CMF method. This confirms that the local thermal fluctuations enabled by the multisite clusters are essential for this phenomenon. We investigate in detail the structure of metastable phases in the phase diagram. In contrast to the phase diagram obtained by the Monte Carlo studies, we find a triple point, at which ferromagnetic-like, antiferromagnetic-like, and disordered phases coexist, and also six tristable regions accompanying the horn structure. We also point out that several characteristic endpoints of first-order transitions appear in the phase diagram. We propose three possible scenarios for the transitions related to the tristable regions. Finally, we discuss the relation between the triple point in this phase diagram and that of a possible lattice-gas model, in which solid, liquid, and gas phases can coexist.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2018

Temperature-field phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Ising ferromagnet

We study field-induced phase transitions in the two-dimensional dipolar Ising ferromagnet with a specific ratio between the exchange and dipolar constants, $δ=1$, which exhibits a stripe-ordered phase with the width of one lattice unit at low temperatures without magnetic field. By using a mean-field (MF) approximation and a Monte Caro (MC) method with the stochastic-cutoff algorithm, which is an $O(N)$ simulation method, we show the temperature-field phase diagrams. In the MC study the orientational order and the structure factor are evaluated. Second-order transition points are determined by a finite-size-scaling analysis and first-order transition points are identified by the analysis of the energy histogram. Although both the MF and MC phase diagrams consist of wide regions of several stripe-ordered phases and narrow regions between them characterized by complicated stripe patterns, they show qualitative and quantitative differences in possible phases and phase boundaries. In the MF phase diagram, three main stripe-ordered phases exhibit a nesting structure, while in the MC phase diagram, two main stripe-ordered phases are located separately, which causes a characteristic field-induced reentrant transition of the orientational order.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2018

Anisotropy of exchange stiffness based on atomic-scale magnetic properties in rare-earth permanent magnet Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B

We examine the anisotropic properties of the exchange stiffness constant, $\mathcal{A}$, for rare-earth permanent magnet, Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B, by connecting analyses with two different scales of length, i.e., Monte Carlo (MC) method with an atomistic spin model and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation with a continuous magnetic model. The atomistic MC simulations are performed on the spin model of Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B constructed from ab-initio calculations, and the LLG micromagnetics simulations are performed with the parameters obtained by the MC simulations. We clarify that the amplitude and the thermal property of $\mathcal{A}$ depend on the orientation in the crystal, which are attributed to the layered structure of Nd atoms and weak exchange couplings between Nd and Fe atoms. We also confirm that the anisotropy of $\mathcal{A}$ significantly affects the threshold field for the magnetization reversal (coercivity) given by the depinning process.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2017

Study on Effects of Dipole-dipole Interactions in Nd_2Fe_{14}B thin film Based on Stochastic Cut-off Method with New Efficient Algorithm

We developed a new algorithm for the stochastic cutoff method, which is a Monte Carlo method for long-range interacting systems. The present new algorithm is efficient for complicated lattice structures, e.g., amorphous and also materials with complicated unit cell structure. In addition, it has an advantage in a high temperature region. With the present method, we investigated an atomistic model of the permanent magnet Nd 2 Fe 14 B with dipole-dipole interactions to study the effect of the anisotropy of the Fe ions on the magnetization structure in the thin film system. It has revealed that the anisotropy of the Fe ions plays an important role to maintain the uniaxial magnetization structure at high temperatures.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2017

Nontrivial phase diagram for an elastic interaction model of spin crossover materials with antiferromagnetic-like short-range interactions

We study the phase diagram of an elastic interaction model for spin crossover (SC) materials with antiferromagnetic-like short-range interactions. In this model, the interplay between the short-range interaction and the long-range interaction of elastic origin causes complex phase transitions. For relatively weak elastic interactions, the phase diagram is characterized by tricritical points, at which antiferromagnetic (AF) -like and ferromagnetic (F) -like spinodal lines and a critical line merge. On the other hand, for relatively strong elastic interactions, unusual "horn structures," which are surrounded by the F-like spinodal lines, disorder (D) spinodal lines, and the critical line, are realized at higher temperatures. These structures are similar to those obtained in our previous study [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 93}, 064109 (2016)] of an Ising antiferromagnet with infinite-range ferromagnetic interactions, and we find universal features caused by the interplay between the competing short-range and long-range interactions. The long-range interaction of elastic origin is irrelevant (inessential) for the critical line. In contrast, the AF-like, F-like, and D spinodal lines result from the long-range interaction of elastic origin. This difference causes qualitatively different features of domain formation or nucleation of the new phase: clustering occurs in the former case, while clustering is absent in the latter. Based on the phase diagrams, we discuss the patterns and clustering features of two-step SC transitions, in which the AF-like phase is realized in the intermediate temperature region.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2016

Temperature dependence of the threshold magnetic field for nucleation and domain wall propagation in an inhomogeneous structure with grain boundary

In order to study the dependence of the coercive force of sintered magnets on temperature, nucleation and domain wall propagation at the grain boundary are studied as rate-determining processes of the magnetization reversal phenomena in magnets consisting of bulk hard magnetic grains contacting via grain boundaries of a soft magnetic material. These systems have been studied analytically for a continuum model at zero temperature (A. Sakuma, et al. J. Mag. Mag. Mat. {\bf 84} 52 (1990)). In the present study, the temperature dependence is studied by making use of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation at finite temperatures. In particular, the threshold fields for nucleation and domain wall propagation are obtained as functions of ratios of magnetic interactions and anisotropies of the soft and hard magnets for various temperatures. It was found that the threshold field for domain wall propagation is robust against thermal fluctuations, while that for nucleation is fragile. The microscopic mechanisms of the observed temperature dependence are discussed.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2015

Termination of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase with a new critical universality in spin-crossover systems

Two dimensional systems with U(1) symmetry exhibit a peculiar phase, i.e., the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase. In particular situations, the BKT phase exists as an intermediate temperature phase. There have been scenarios for the phase transitions at the two endpoints of the intermediate BKT phase, i.e., the phase transition at the low-temperature endpoint is a BKT transition and that at the high-temperature endpoint is either a BKT transition or a first-order transition. The present study gives a novel scenario, i.e., a second-order transition with a new critical universality and a BKT transition. We found that this new phase transition is realized in spin-crossover systems on a triangular lattice with an antiferromagnetic short-range interaction. At the low-temperature transition the elastic interaction plays as a ferromagnetic infinite-range interaction and encourages the breaking of $Z_2$ symmetry between high-spin rich and low-spin rich states.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2015

Effect of the short-range interaction on critical phenomena in elastic interaction systems

The elastic interaction, induced by the lattice distortion due to the difference of the molecular size, causes an effective long-range interaction. In spin-crossover (SC) compounds, local bistable states, i.e., high-spin and low-spin states have different molecular sizes, and the elastic interaction is important. In bipartite lattices, e.g., the square lattice, the ground state can be two types of phases: ferromagnetic-like (FM) and antiferromagnetic-like (AFM) phases. In systems like SC compounds, the former phase consists of all small or large molecules, and the latter phase has the configuration of alternating small and large molecules. In fact, both cases are observed in SC systems. In this paper, we have studied the effect of the short-range interaction in the elastic system on the properties of those order-disorder phase transitions. We have obtained a phase diagram in the coordinates of the temperature and the strength of the short-range interaction, including the metastable structures. We show that effects of the short-range interaction are essentially different for FM and AFM phase transitions. In the FM transition, the long-range interaction of elasticity is relevant, and the system exhibits a phase transition in the mean-filed universality class. In this case, the long-range interaction strongly enhances the FM order, and it works cooperatively with the short-range interaction. In contrast, in the AFM transition, the elastic interaction slightly enhances the AFM order, but essentially it does not contribute to the ordering, and the system shows a transition in the Ising universality class. We have found that in the border region between FM and AFM phases, the AFM phase has an advantage at finite temperatures. We discuss the critical properties of two-step SC transitions with comparison between the elastic interaction model and conventional SC models (Ising-like models).

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2015

Realization of the thermal equilibrium in inhomogeneous magnetic systems by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with stochastic noise, and its dynamical aspects

It is crucially important to investigate effects of temperature on magnetic properties such as critical phenomena, nucleation, pinning, domain wall motion, coercivity, etc. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation has been applied extensively to study dynamics of magnetic properties. Approaches of Langevin noises have been developed to introduce the temperature effect into the LLG equation. To have the thermal equilibrium state (canonical distribution) as the steady state, the system parameters must satisfy some condition known as the fluctuation-dissipation relation. In inhomogeneous magnetic systems in which spin magnitudes are different at sites, the condition requires that the ratio between the amplitude of the random noise and the damping parameter depends on the magnitude of the magnetic moment at each site. Focused on inhomogeneous magnetic systems, we systematically showed agreement between the stationary state of the stochastic LLG equation and the corresponding equilibrium state obtained by Monte Carlo simulations in various magnetic systems including dipole-dipole interactions. We demonstrated how violations of the condition result in deviations from the true equilibrium state. We also studied the characteristic features of the dynamics depending on the choice of the parameter set. All the parameter sets satisfying the condition realize the same stationary state (equilibrium state). In contrast, different choices of parameter set cause seriously different relaxation processes. We show two relaxation types, i.e., magnetization reversals with uniform rotation and with nucleation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2012

Critical temperature and correlation length of an elastic interaction model for spin-crossover materials

It has previously been pointed out that the coexistence of infinite-range and short-range interactions causes a system to have a phase transition of the mean-field universality class, in which the cluster size is finite even at the critical point. In the present paper, we study this property in a model of bistable molecules, whose size changes depending on the bistable states. The molecules can move in space, interacting via an elastic interaction. It is known that due to the different sizes, an effective long-range interaction between the spins appears, and thus this model has a mean-field type of phase transition. It is found that the scaling properties of the shift of the critical temperature from the pure short-range limit in the model with infinite-range and short-range interactions hold also in the present model, regarding the ratio of the size of the two states as a control parameter for the strength of the long-range interaction. By studying the structure factor, it is shown that the dependence of the cluster size at the critical temperature also shows the same scaling properties as a previously studied model with both infinite-range and short-range interactions. We therefore conclude that these scaling relations hold universally in hybrid models with both short-range and weak long-range interactions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2012

Macroscopic nucleation phenomena in continuum media with long-range interactions

Nucleation, commonly associated with discontinuous transformations between metastable and stable phases, is crucial in fields as diverse as atmospheric science and nanoscale electronics. Traditionally, it is considered a microscopic process (at most nano-meter), implying the formation of a microscopic nucleus of the stable phase. Here we show for the first time, that considering long-range interactions mediated by elastic distortions, nucleation can be a macroscopic process, with the size of the critical nucleus proportional to the total system size. This provides a new concept of "macroscopic barrier-crossing nucleation". We demonstrate the effect in molecular dynamics simulations of a model spin-crossover system with two molecular states of different sizes, causing elastic distortions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2011

Crossover between a Short-range and a Long-range Ising model

Recently, it has been found that an effective long-range interaction is realized among local bistable variables (spins) in systems where the elastic interaction causes ordering of the spins. In such systems, generally we expect both long-range and short-range interactions to exist. In the short-range Ising model, the correlation length diverges at the critical point. In contrast, in the long-range interacting model the spin configuration is always uniform and the correlation length is zero. As long as a system has non-zero long-range interactions, it shows criticality in the mean-field universality class, and the spin configuration is uniform beyond a certain scale. Here we study the crossover from the pure short-range interacting model to the long-range interacting model. We investigate the infinite-range model (Husimi-Temperley model) as a prototype of this competition, and we study how the critical temperature changes as a function of the strength of the long-range interaction. This model can also be interpreted as an approximation for the Ising model on a small-world network. We derive a formula for the critical temperature as a function of the strength of the long-range interaction. We also propose a scaling form for the spin correlation length at the critical point, which is finite as long as the long-range interaction is included, though it diverges in the limit of the pure short-range model. These properties are confirmed by extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2009

Intrinsic effects of the boundary condition on switching processes in spin-crossover solids

We investigated domain growth in switching processes between the low-spin and high-spin phases in thermally induced hysteresis loops of spin-crossover (SC) solids. Elastic interactions among the molecules induce effective long-range interactions, and thus the boundary condition plays a significant role in the dynamics. In contrast to SC systems with periodic boundary conditions, where uniform configurations are maintained during the switching process, we found that domain structures appear with open boundary conditions. Unlike Ising-like models with short-range interactions, domains always grow from the corners of the system. The present clustering mechanism provides an insight into the switching dynamics of SC solids, in particular, in nano-scale systems.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗