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Matteo Beccaria

Publications and source records attributed to Matteo Beccaria.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The ETH matrix model for DSSYK: non-perturbative corrections and intersection theory

At leading order in the genus expansion the ETH matrix model for DSSYK reproduces its correlators by construction, while its higher-genus corrections are conjectured to capture higher-topology contributions in the dual sine-dilaton gravity -- a correspondence established so far only for the disk and the wormhole. At fixed genus the correlators are built from discrete volumes $N_{g,n}$, polynomial in $q$-deformed zeta values $\zeta_q(2k)$ with $q=e^{-\lambda}$, $\lambda$ being the DSSYK coupling. These lie in the ring of quasimodular forms generated by the Eisenstein series $E_2,E_4,E_6$, whose $S$-duality yields an exact closed form for the leading non-perturbative correction as $\lambda\to0$, controlled by $\widetilde q=e^{-4\pi^2/\lambda}$. Known at disk level, this scale is shown here to govern the fixed-genus, higher-boundary amplitudes as well. We show that the term linear in $\widetilde q$, at leading order in $\lambda$, is captured entirely by the $q$-deformed Weil--Petersson volumes, and reduces to a finite sum of intersection numbers of $\kappa$-classes on the moduli space $\overline{\mathcal M}_{g,n}$ of stable curves, computable without repeating the topological recursion that produced the $N_{g,n}$. We tabulate it for every $(g,n)$ whose $q$-deformed volume is known in closed form, and extend it to $(3,1),(3,2),(4,1)$, where none is available. The construction is not restricted to leading order: we work out $O(\widetilde q^2)$ for the same cases.

hep-th

Three-loop onset of the wormhole length in DSSYK

The length of the Einstein-Rosen bridge in sine-dilaton gravity at disk level equals the Krylov spread complexity of the dual double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model, with the double-scaling parameter $\lambda$ controlling the semiclassical expansion. We compute the onset value, $L_{0}$, in the thermofield double state at $t=0$ and arbitrary inverse temperature $\beta$, through three loops and in closed form, extending the known one-loop result. The quantity $L_{0}$ represents the preparation complexity of the initial thermal Hartle-Hawking state. In DSSYK, $L_{0}$ is $\lambda$ times the average chord number of the thermal state, providing a microscopic, unambiguous determination of an additive constant otherwise fixed only by a choice of holographic renormalization scheme. The two-loop contribution follows from a saddle point evaluation of the DSSYK two-point function at coincident insertion points, where individually divergent contributions cancel only in their sum. At three loops, we bypass the saddle point analysis using an exact recursion relation that generates long high-temperature expansions at low cost, fixing and testing a proposed Ansatz against many independent data points. Finally, in the low-temperature regime each loop order contributes one further power of $\beta$, reorganizing the semiclassical series into an expansion in the Schwarzian coupling $\lambda\beta$, whose leading coefficient we check against an independent one-loop Schwarzian computation. The same methods, applied to the length variance and third-order cumulant at $t=0$, give their semiclassical expansion through two loops.

hep-th

Modular structures in the DSSYK partition function

We study the low-temperature expansion of the disk partition function $Z(\beta)$ of the double-scaled SYK model (DSSYK) at fixed coupling $\lambda=2p^{2}/N$, where $N$ is the number of Majorana fermions and $p$ is the number of fermions in each interaction term, both taken to infinity. We show that the exact Bessel-function representation of $Z(\beta)$, expanded at large argument (corresponding to low temperature), can be organized in terms of the classical ring of quasi-modular Eisenstein series $E_{2},E_{4},E_{6}$ and their differential identities. Exploiting the modular $S$-duality properties of this ring, we derive the semiclassical (small $\lambda$) low-temperature expansion of $Z(\beta)$, splitting it into a perturbative tower and a non-perturbative sector controlled by $\widetilde q=e^{-4\pi^{2}/\lambda}$. At each order in $\widetilde q$, we determine the non-perturbative correction in closed form up to second order in $\lambda$; the resulting series resums into a compact expression in the same Eisenstein series, extending previous semiclassical results beyond their strict $\beta\to\infty$ limit. We further show that this entire structure follows from a single, exact differential equation coupling a modular derivative to derivatives with respect to temperature. Finally, we prove that the non-perturbative sector of $Z(\beta)$ is exactly supported, to all orders in $\lambda$, on the same exponents as the on-shell actions of known bilocal-Liouville saddles of the DSSYK Schwarzian limit, pointing to a well-defined bulk origin for these non-perturbative corrections.

hep-th

Higher-loop wormhole length in sine-dilaton gravity from DSSYK Krylov complexity

The quantum wormhole length in sine-dilaton gravity has been shown to equal the Krylov spread complexity in the double-scaled SYK model. In the infinite temperature limit, we compute the five-loop semiclassical expansion of DSSYK complexity by singular perturbation of the operator Liouville-type equations of motion, extending the existing one-loop results. The same method is applied to evaluate the Krylov variance and third-order cumulant, related to the connected two- and three-point functions of the length operator at coincident points. The small- and large-time behaviour of these observables is also studied. In particular, for the large-time slope of the wormhole linear growth, we determine the all-order resummation of the perturbative series, and the leading non-perturbative corrections.

hep-th

Krylov Correlators in $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb R)$ Models: Exact Results and Holographic Complexity

In holography, the complexity--momentum correspondence relates the increasing momentum of a point particle falling into an eternal black hole to the rate of growth of the Krylov complexity of the dual boundary state, a conjecture established exactly for the BTZ black hole in AdS$_{3}$ at the semiclassical level. We examine possible extensions of the correspondence by considering boundary higher Krylov complexities and Krylov correlators encoding fluctuations and temporal correlations of the spreading quantum state. To this end, we derive exact results for Krylov correlators in quantum systems with $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{R})$ or Heisenberg-Weyl symmetry and apply them to the complexity--momentum correspondence. We show that certain out-of-time-ordered correlators of two or more Krylov speed operators at different times are proportional to combinations of the proper radial momenta of a particle falling into the BTZ black hole in AdS$_{3}$, evaluated at those times. This represents a first step in the generalization of the original complexity--momentum relation.

hep-th

Krylov Complexity in Supersymmetric Large-$N$ Quantum Mechanics

We study Krylov complexity in the large-$N$ planar limit of the supersymmetric matrix quantum mechanical Veneziano--Wosiek model. In particular, we discuss the special features emerging at the critical transition at the 't~Hooft coupling $\lambda=1$. Starting from selected states in the sectors with fermion number 0 and 1, related by supersymmetry, we analyze the time dependence of Krylov complexity by numerical methods. We find that for $\lambda\neq1$ the Krylov complexity $K(t)$ exhibits oscillatory behavior, while at the critical coupling $\lambda=1$ it grows quadratically in time, $K(t)\sim t^2$, with sector-dependent amplitudes. To obtain analytical insight, we study in the bosonic sector a solvable model with $\mathfrak{sl}(2, \mathbb{R})$ symmetry which is a rank-1 modification of the Veneziano--Wosiek Hamiltonian, finding that it reproduces the previous features of complexity. We also introduce supercharges and extend the solvable model to the fermionic sector where we also compute analytically the Krylov complexity. Higher degree-$M$ Krylov complexities, defined as expectation values of powers of Lanczos index, are also computed and grow polynomially in time $\sim t^{2M}$ at the critical point both in the original and in the solvable model. This behavior is closely analogous to the spreading of a localized squeezed state in a one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator of frequency $\omega$, with the free limit $\omega\to 0$ corresponding to the critical $\lambda\to 1$ limit.

hep-th

Strong coupling expansion of $1\over 2$ BPS Wilson loop in SYM theory and 2-loop Green-Schwarz string in AdS$_5 \times $S$^5$

The exact localization result for the expectation value of the $1\over 2$ BPS circular Wilson loop in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM theory is given in the planar limit by the famous Bessel function expression: $\langle W\rangle = {2N\over \sqrt \lambda } I_1 ( \sqrt \lambda)$. Expanded in large $\lambda$ and expressed in terms of the AdS$_5 \times $S$^5$ string tension $T= {\sqrt \lambda \over 2\pi}$ this gives $\langle W\rangle = {\sqrt T\over 2\pi g_s} e^{2\pi T} (1- {3\over 16 \pi} T^{-1} + ...)$.The exponential is matched by the value of the action of the string with the AdS$_2$ world volume while the prefactor comes from the 1-loop GS string correction. Here we address the question of how the subleading $T^{-1}$ term could be reproduced by the 2-loop correction in the corresponding partition function of the AdS$_5 \times $S$^5$ GS string expanded near the AdS$_2$ minimal surface. We find that the string correction contains a non-zero UV logarithmic divergence implying that comparison with the SYM result requires a particular subtraction prescription. We discuss implications of this conclusion for checking the AdS/CFT duality at strong coupling.

hep-th

2-loop free energy of M2 brane in AdS$_7 \times$ S$^4$ and surface defect anomaly in (2,0) theory

A $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS surface operator viewed as a conformal defect in rank $N$ 6d (2,0) theory is expected to have a holographic description in terms of a probe M2 brane wrapped on AdS$_3$ in the AdS$_7\times S^4$ M-theory background. The M2 brane has an effective tension T$_2= \frac{2}{ \pi} N$ so that the large tension expansion corresponds to the $1/N$ expansion. The value of the defect conformal anomaly coefficient in $SU(N)$ (2,0) theory was previously argued to be b$=12N- 9 - 3N^{-1}$. At the same time, one may expect that the probe M2 brane ending on a stack of $N$ M5 branes should represent a Wilson surface operator in the $U(N)$ rather than $SU(N)$ boundary 6d CFT. In this case one should get b$=12N- 9 $, i.e. the $N^{-1}$ term (that in the $SU(N)$ expression ensures that b vanishes for $N=1$) should be absent. By semiclassically quantizing M2 brane, it was found in arXiv:2004.04562 that the first two terms in b are indeed reproduced by the classical and 1-loop corrections to the M2 free energy. Here we address the question of the value of the next 2-loop term in the M2 brane free energy, i.e. the coefficient of the $N^{-1}$ term in b. Remarkably, despite the general non-renormalizability of the standard BST M2 brane action we find that the 2-loop correction to the free energy of the AdS$_3$ M2 brane in AdS$_7\times S^4$ is UV finite (modulo power divergences that can be removed by an analytic regularization). Moreover, the 2-loop correction vanishes in both dimensional and $\zeta$-function regularizations. This supports the expectation that the M2-brane probe computation captures the surface-defect anomaly of the $U(N)$ rather than the $SU(N)$ boundary 6d theory.

hep-th

On non-planar ABJM anomalous dimensions from M2 branes in AdS$_{4}\times S^{7}/\mathbb{Z}_{k}$

Planar parts of conformal dimensions of primary operators in $U_k(N) \times U_{-k}(N)$ ABJM theory are controlled by integrability. Strong coupling asymptotics of planar dimensions of operators with large spins can be found from the energy of semiclassical strings in AdS$_{4}\times$CP$^3$ but computing non-planar corrections requires understanding higher genus string corrections. As was pointed out in arXiv:2408.10070, there is an alternative way to find the non-planar corrections by quantizing M2 branes in AdS$_{4}\times S^7/\mathbb{Z}_{k}$ which are wrapped around the 11d circle of radius $1/k= \lambda/N$ and generalize spinning strings in AdS$_4\times$CP$^3$. Computing the 1-loop correction to the energy of M2 brane that corresponds to the long folded string with large spin $S$ in AdS$_4$ allowed to obtain a prediction for the large $\lambda$ limit of non-planar corrections to the cusp anomalous dimension. Similar predictions were found for non-planar dimensions of operators dual to M2 branes that generalize the ''short'' and ''long'' circular strings with two equal spins $J_1=J_2$ in CP$^3$. Here we consider two more non-trivial examples of 1-loop M2 brane computations that correspond to: (i) long folded string with large spin $S$ in AdS$_4$ and orbital momentum $J$ in CP$^3$ whose energy determines the generalized cusp anomalous dimension, and (ii) circular string with spin $S$ in AdS$_4$ and spin $J$ in CP$^3$. We find the leading terms of the expansion of the corresponding 1-loop M2 brane energies in $1/k$. We also discuss similar semiclassical 1-loop M2 brane computation in flat 11d background and comment on possible relation to higher genus corrections to energies in 10d string theory.

hep-th

Resonance for life: Metabolism and Social Interactions in Bacterial Communities

The social organization of microorganisms has long been a fascinating and challenging subject in both biology and sociology. In these organisms, the role of the individual is far less dominant than that of the community, which functions as a superorganism. The coordination is achieved through a communication mechanism known as quorum sensing. When the community is healthy, quorum sensing enables it to regulate the development of potentially harmful individuals. This study employs an agent-based quorum sensing model to explore the relationship between metabolic functions and social behavior. It also examines how a polyculture responds to variations in the metabolic characteristics of its components. Finally, we identify a particularly stable condition in which the components cooperate to maximize the overall health of the colony. We refer to this state as resonance for life.

physics.bio-ph

The sleeping bacterium: shedding light on the resuscitation mechanism

The revival mechanism in dormant bacteria is a puzzling and open issue. We propose a model of information diffusion on a regular grid where agents represent bacteria and their mutual interactions implement quorum sensing. Agents may have different metabolic characteristics corresponding to multiple phenotypes. The intra/inter phenotype cooperation is analyzed under different metabolic and productivity conditions. We study the interactions between rapidly reproducing active bacteria and non-reproducing quiescent bacteria. We highlight the conditions under which the quiescent bacteria may revive. The occurrence of revival is generally related to a change in environmental conditions. Our results support this picture showing that revival can be mediated by the presence of different catalyst bacteria that produce the necessary resources .

physics.bio-ph

Non-planar corrections to ABJM Bremsstrahlung function from quantum M2 brane

As was shown in arXiv:2303.15207, the leading large $N$, fixed $k$ correction in the localization result for the expectation value of the $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS circular Wilson loop in $U(N)_{k}\times U(N)_{-k}$ ABJM theory given by the $(\sin\frac{2\pi}{ k})^{-1}$ factor can be reproduced on the dual M-theory side as the one-loop correction in the partition function of an M2 brane in AdS$_{4}\times S^{7}/\mathbb{Z}_{k}$ with AdS$_{2}\times S^{1}$ world volume. Here we prove, following the suggestion in arXiv:2408.10070, that the analogous fact is true also for the corresponding correction $B_1=-\frac{1}{2\pi k}\cot\frac{2\pi}{k}$ in the localization result for the Bremsstrahlung function associated with the Wilson line with a small cusp in either AdS$_4$ or $\rm CP^3$. The corresponding M2 brane is wrapped on the 11d circle and generalizes the type IIA string solution in AdS$_{4}\times \rm CP^3$ ending on the cusped line. We show that the one-loop term in the M2 brane partition function reproduces the localization expression for $B_1$ as the coefficient of the leading term in its small cusp expansion.

hep-th

Semiclassical quantization of M5 brane probes wrapped on $\textrm{AdS}_3\times S^3$ and defect anomalies

We consider two supersymmetric M5 brane probe solutions in $\textrm{AdS}_7 \times S^4$ and one in $\textrm{AdS}_4 \times S^7$ that all have the $\textrm{AdS}_3 \times S^3$ world-volume geometry. The values of the classical action of the first two M5 probes (with $S^3$ in $\textrm{AdS}_7$ or in $S^4$) are related to the leading $N^2$ parts in the anomaly b-coefficient in the (2,0) theory corresponding to a spherical surface defect in symmetric or antisymmetric $SU(N)$ representations. We present a detailed computation of the corresponding one-loop M5 brane partition functions finding that they vanish (in a particular regularization). This implies the vanishing of the order $N^0$ part in the b-anomaly coefficients, in agreement with earlier predictions for their exact values. It remains, however, a puzzle of how to reproduce the non-vanishing order $N$ terms in these coefficients within the semiclassical M5-brane probe setup.

hep-th

$\mathcal N=4$ SYM line defect Schur index and semiclassical string

The giant graviton expansion of the line defect Schur index in four dimensional $\mathcal N=4$ $U(N)$ SYM was recently proposed in arXiv:2403.11543 to be captured in the dual string theory by counting fluctuations states of two half-infinite fundamental strings in $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$ ending on the line defect and D3 brane giant. However, agreement with the gauge theory data for the defect line index at finite $N$ required the inclusion of ad hoc extra contributions with unclear origin. We discuss the large $N$ leading order contribution of the giant graviton expansion of the defect line index by a direct analysis of semiclassical string partition function in a twisted background. We discuss supersymmetric boundary conditions in the presence of the D3 brane and evaluate the quadratic fluctuations effective action by introducing a suitable projection of fluctuation modes. We show that the extra contributions to the single giant graviton correction found in arXiv:2403.11543 correspond to a supersymmetric Casimir energy contribution.

hep-th

Leading Giant graviton expansion of Schur correlators in large representations

We consider 4d $\mathcal N=4$ $U(N)$ SYM and the leading giant graviton correction to the Schur defect 2-point functions of $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS Wilson lines in rank-$k$ symmetric and antisymmetric representations. We study in particular the large $k$ limit for the symmetric case and the regime $1\ll k \ll N$ in the antisymmetric one. We present exact results for the correction in agreement with matrix model evaluation at finite $N,k$. The Wilson lines in symmetric/antisymmetric representations admit a description in terms of D3$_{k}$ and D5$_{k}$ brane probes representing a collection of $k$ fundamental strings. In this picture, giant graviton corrections come from fluctuations of brane probes in presence of a wrapped D3 brane giant graviton. In particular, for the antisymmetric case, our leading correction matches the half-index of the 3d $\mathcal N=4$ Maxwell theory living on the 3d disk which is a part of the giant graviton divided out by the D5$_{k}$ probe, as recently proposed in arXiv:2404.08302. For the symmetric case at large $k$, we derive an explicit exact residue formula for the leading correction.

hep-th

Schur line defect correlators and giant graviton expansion

We consider Schur line defect correlators in four dimensional $\mathcal N=4$ $U(N)$ SYM and their giant graviton expansion encoding finite $N$ corrections to the large $N$ limit. We compute in closed form the single giant graviton contribution to correlators with general insertions of $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS charged Wilson lines. For the 2-point function with fundamental and anti-fundamental Wilson lines, we match the result from fluctuations of two half-infinite strings ending on the giant graviton, recently proposed in arXiv:2403.11543. In particular, we prove exact factorization of the defect contribution with respect to wrapped D3 brane fluctuations representing the single giant graviton correction to the undecorated Schur index. This follows from a finite-difference representation of the Schur line defect index in terms of the index without defects, and similar factorization holds quite generally for more complicated defect configurations. In particular, the single giant graviton contribution to the 4-point function with two fundamental and two anti-fundamental lines is computed and discussed in this perspective.

hep-th

Giant graviton expansion of Schur index and quasimodular forms

The flavored superconformal Schur index of $\mathcal N=4$ $U(N)$ SYM has finite $N$ corrections encoded in its giant graviton expansion in terms of D3 branes wrapped in $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$. The key element of this decomposition is the non-trivial index of the theory living on the wrapped brane system. A remarkable feature of the Schur limit is that the brane index is an analytic continuation of the flavored index of $\mathcal N=4$ $U(n)$ SYM, where $n$ is the total brane wrapping number. We exploit recent exact results about the Schur index of $\mathcal N=4$ $U(N)$ SYM to evaluate the closed form of the the brane indices appearing in the giant graviton expansion. Away from the unflavored limit, they are characterized by quasimodular forms providing exact information at all orders in the index universal fugacity. As an application of these results, we present novel exact expressions for the giant graviton expansion of the unflavored Schur index in a class of four dimensional $\mathcal N=2$ theories with equal central charges $a=c$, i.e. the non-Lagrangian theories $\widehat{\Gamma}(SU(N))$ with $\Gamma = E_{6}, E_{7}, E_{8}$.

hep-th

Large $N$ Schur index of $\mathcal N=4$ SYM from semiclassical D3 brane

We consider the refined Schur superconformal index of 4d $\mathcal N=4$ $U(N)$ SYM and the first term of its giant-graviton expansion, first predicted in arXiv:2001.11667 using indirect superconformal algebra considerations and analytic continuation of fugacities. This correction is the leading non-perturbative correction to the index at large $N$ and we reproduce it from the semiclassical partition function of quantum D3 brane wrapped on $S^{1}\times S^{3}$ in a twisted modification of the $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$ string background, depending on the index R-symmetry fugacity. Our calculation does not exploit directly supersymmetry. It is based on the determination of the partition function of the various bosonic and fermionic fluctuations on the wrapped brane whose action is conformal with specific constant holonomies along thermal cycle. We show how those partition functions may be obtained by adapting the operator counting method of Cardy to the twisted background.

hep-th