arXiv subjects

Matthew D. Frye

Publications and source records attributed to Matthew D. Frye.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

A robust entangling gate for polar molecules using magnetic and microwave fields

Polar molecules are an emerging platform for quantum technologies based on their long-range electric dipole-dipole interactions, which open new possibilities for quantum information processing and the quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems. Here, we use magnetic and microwave fields to design a fast entangling gate with $>0.999$ fidelity and which is robust with respect to fluctuations in the trapping and control fields and to small thermal excitations. These results establish the feasibility to build a scalable quantum processor with a broad range of molecular species in optical-lattice and optical-tweezers setups.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

Characterizing quasibound states and scattering resonances

Characterizing quasibound states from coupled-channel scattering calculations can be a laborious task, involving extensive manual iteration and fitting. We present an automated procedure, based on the phase shift or S-matrix eigenphase sum, that reliably converges on a quasibound state (or scattering resonance) from some distance away. It may be used for both single-channel and multichannel scattering. It produces the energy and width of the state and the phase shift of the background scattering, and hence the lifetime of the state. It also allows extraction of partial widths for decay to individual open channels. We demonstrate the method on a very narrow state in the Van der Waals complex Ar--H$_2$, which decays only by vibrational predissociation, and on near-threshold states of $^{85}$Rb$_2$, whose lifetime varies over 4 orders of magnitude as a function of magnetic field.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2019

Ultracold collisions in the Yb-Li mixture system

We report our experimental results on the collisional physics between non-S-state atoms (ytterbium (Yb), effectively a two-electron system, in the metastable ${}^3\mathrm{P}_2$ state) and S-state atoms (lithium (Li), an alkali metal, in the ground state). At low magnetic fields, by measuring inelastic interspecies collisional losses in the double quantum degenerate mixture we reveal the strong dependence of the inelastic losses on the internal spin states of both species and suppressed losses in stretched state configurations. Increasing the magnetic field up to 800 G we further investigate the magnetic field dependence of the collisional interactions. There, smoothly increasing inelastic losses are observed towards higher fields. The combined knowledge of both the magnetic field and the spin state dependence of the collisional losses of this prototypical mixture system of non-S-state and S-state atoms provides a significant step forward towards controllable impurity physics realized in the Yb-Li ultracold system.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2019

Time delays in ultracold atomic and molecular collisions

We study the behavior of the Eisenbud-Wigner collisional time delay around Feshbach resonances in cold and ultracold atomic and molecular collisions. We carry out coupled-channels scattering calculations on ultracold Rb and Cs collisions. In the low-energy limit, the time delay is proportional to the scattering length, so exhibits a pole as a function of applied field. At high energy, it exhibits a Lorentzian peak as a function of either energy or field. For narrow resonances, the crossover between these two regimes occurs at an energy proportional to the square of the resonance strength parameter $s_\textrm{res}$. For wider resonances, the behavior is more complicated and we present an analysis in terms of multichannel quantum defect theory.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2019

Magnetic Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions between Cs and Yb atoms

We investigate magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions between ground-state Yb and Cs atoms, using coupled-channel calculations based on an interaction potential recently determined from photoassociation spectroscopy. We predict resonance positions and widths for all stable isotopes of Yb, together with resonance decay parameters where appropriate. The resonance patterns are richer and more complicated for fermionic Yb than for spin-zero isotopes, because there are additional level splittings and couplings due to scalar and tensorial Yb hyperfine interactions. We examine collisions involving Cs atoms in a variety of hyperfine states, and identify resonances that appear most promising for experimental observation and for magnetoassociation to form ultracold CsYb molecules.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2019

Ultracold collisions of Cs in excited hyperfine and Zeeman states

We investigate Cs+Cs scattering in excited Zeeman and hyperfine states. We calculate the real and imaginary parts of the s-wave scattering length; the imaginary part directly provides the rate coefficient for 2-body inelastic loss, while the real part allows us to identify regions of magnetic field where 3-body recombination will be slow. We identify field regions where Cs in its $(f,m_f)=(3,+2)$ and $(3,+1)$ states may be stable enough to allow Bose-Einstein condensation, and additional regions for these and the $(3,0)$ and $(3,-3)$ states where high-density clouds should be long-lived.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2018

Two-photon photoassociation spectroscopy of CsYb: ground-state interaction potential and interspecies scattering lengths

We perform two-photon photoassociation spectroscopy of the heteronuclear CsYb molecule to measure the binding energies of near-threshold vibrational levels of the $X~^{2}Σ_{1/2}^{+}$ molecular ground state. We report results for $^{133}$Cs$^{170}$Yb, $^{133}$Cs$^{173}$Yb and $^{133}$Cs$^{174}$Yb, in each case determining the energy of several vibrational levels including the least-bound state. We fit an interaction potential based on electronic structure calculations to the binding energies for all three isotopologs and find that the ground-state potential supports 77 vibrational levels. We use the fitted potential to predict the interspecies s-wave scattering lengths for all seven Cs+Yb isotopic mixtures.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2018

Near-threshold bound states of the dipole-dipole interaction

We study the two-body bound states of a model Hamiltonian that describes the interaction between two field-oriented dipole moments. This model has been used extensively in many-body physics of ultracold polar molecules and magnetic atoms, but its few-body physics has been explored less fully. With a hard-wall short-range boundary condition, the dipole-dipole bound states are universal and exhibit a complicated pattern of avoided crossings between states of different character. For more realistic Lennard-Jones short-range interactions, we consider parameters representative of magnetic atoms and polar molecules. For magnetic atoms, the bound states are dominated by the Lennard-Jones potential, and the perturbative dipole-dipole interaction is suppressed by the special structure of van der Waals bound states. For polar molecules, we find a dense manifold of dipole-dipole bound states with many avoided crossings as a function of induced dipole or applied field, similar to those for hard-wall boundary conditions. This universal pattern of states may be observable spectroscopically for pairs of ultracold polar molecules.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Production of ultracold Cs*Yb molecules by photoassociation

We report the production of ultracold heteronuclear Cs$^*$Yb molecules through one-photon photoassociation applied to an ultracold atomic mixture of Cs and Yb confined in an optical dipole trap. We use trap-loss spectroscopy to detect molecular states below the Cs($^{2}P_{1/2}$) + Yb($^{1}S_{0}$) asymptote. For $^{133}$Cs$^{174}$Yb, we observe 13 rovibrational states with binding energies up to $\sim$500 GHz. For each rovibrational state we observe two resonances associated with the Cs hyperfine structure and show that the hyperfine splitting in the diatomic molecule decreases for more deeply bound states. In addition, we produce ultracold fermionic $^{133}$Cs$^{173}$Yb and bosonic $^{133}$Cs$^{172}$Yb and $^{133}$Cs$^{170}$Yb molecules. From mass scaling, we determine the number of bound states supported by the 2(1/2) excited-state potential to be 154 or 155.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2017

Characterizing Feshbach resonances in ultracold scattering calculations

We describe procedures for converging on and characterizing zero-energy Feshbach resonances that appear in scattering lengths as a function of an external field. The elastic procedure is appropriate for purely elastic scattering, where the scattering length is real and displays a true pole. The regularized scattering length (RSL) procedure is appropriate when there is weak background inelasticity, so that the scattering length is complex and displays an oscillation rather than a pole, but the resonant scattering length $a_{\rm res}$ is close to real. The fully complex procedure is appropriate when there is substantial background inelasticity and the real and complex parts of $a_{\rm res}$ are required. We demonstrate these procedures for scattering of ultracold $^{85}$Rb in various initial states. All of them can converge on and provide full characterization of resonances, from initial guesses many thousands of widths away, using scattering calculations at only about 10 values of the external field.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2017

Interspecies thermalization in an ultracold mixture of Cs and Yb in an optical trap

We present measurements of interspecies thermalization between ultracold samples of $^{133}$Cs and either $^{174}$Yb or $^{170}$Yb. The two species are trapped in a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap and $^{133}$Cs is sympathetically cooled by Yb. We extract effective interspecies thermalization cross sections by fitting the thermalization measurements to a rate equation model, giving $σ_{\mathrm{Cs^{174}Yb}} = \left(5 \pm 2\right) \times 10^{-13} \, \mathrm{cm^{2}}$ and $σ_{\mathrm{Cs^{170}Yb}} = \left(18 \pm 8\right) \times 10^{-13} \, \mathrm{cm^{2}}$. We perform quantum scattering calculations of the thermalization cross sections and optimize the CsYb interaction potential to reproduce the measurements. We predict scattering lengths for all isotopic combinations of Cs and Yb. We also demonstrate the independent production of $^{174}$Yb and $^{133}$Cs Bose-Einstein condensates using the same optical dipole trap, an important step towards the realization of a quantum-degenerate mixture of the two species.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2016

The approach to chaos in ultracold atomic and molecular physics: statistics of near-threshold bound states for Li+CaH and Li+CaF

We calculate near-threshold bound states and Feshbach resonance positions for atom + rigid-rotor models of the highly anisotropic systems Li+CaH and Li+CaF. We perform statistical analysis on the resonance positions to compare with the predictions of random matrix theory. For Li+CaH with total angular momentum $J=0$ we find fully chaotic behavior in both the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution and the level number variance. However, for $J>0$ we find different behavior due to the presence of a nearly conserved quantum number. Li+CaF ($J=0$) also shows apparently reduced levels of chaotic behavior despite its stronger effective coupling. We suggest this may indicate the development of another good quantum number relating to a bending motion of the complex. However, continuously varying the rotational constant over a wide range shows unexpected structure in the degree of chaotic behavior, including a dramatic reduction around the rotational constant of CaF. This demonstrates the complexity of the relationship between coupling and chaotic behavior.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2016

Quantum chaos in ultracold collisions between Yb($^1$S$_0$) and Yb($^3$P$_2$)

We calculate and analyze Feshbach resonance spectra for ultracold Yb($^1$S$_0$) + Yb($^3$P$_2$) collisions as a function of an interatomic potential scaling factor $λ$ and external magnetic field. We show that, at zero field, the resonances are distributed randomly in $λ$, but that signatures of quantum chaos emerge as a field is applied. The random zero-field distribution arises from superposition of structured spectra associated with individual total angular momenta. In addition, we show that the resonances in magnetic field in the experimentally accessible range 400 to 2000~G are chaotically distributed, with strong level repulsion that is characteristic of quantum chaos.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2015

Modeling sympathetic cooling of molecules by ultracold atoms

We model sympathetic cooling of ground-state CaF molecules by ultracold Li and Rb atoms. The molecules are moving in a microwave trap, while the atoms are trapped magnetically. We calculate the differential elastic cross sections for CaF-Li and CaF-Rb collisions, using model Lennard-Jones potentials adjusted to give typical values for the s-wave scattering length. Together with trajectory calculations, these differential cross sections are used to simulate the cooling of the molecules, the heating of the atoms, and the loss of atoms from the trap. We show that a hard-sphere collision model based on an energy-dependent momentum transport cross section accurately predicts the molecule cooling rate but underestimates the rates of atom heating and loss. Our simulations suggest that Rb is a more effective coolant than Li for ground-state molecules, and that the cooling dynamics are less sensitive to the exact value of the s-wave scattering length when Rb is used. Using realistic experimental parameters, we find that molecules can be sympathetically cooled to 100$μ$K in about 10s. By applying evaporative cooling to the atoms, the cooling rate can be increased and the final temperature of the molecules can be reduced to 1$μ$K within 30s.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2015

Cold atomic and molecular collisions: approaching the universal loss regime

We investigate the behaviour of single-channel theoretical models of cold and ultracold collisions that take account of inelastic and reactive processes using a single parameter to represent short-range loss. We present plots of the resulting energy-dependence of elastic and inelastic or reactive cross sections over the full parameter space of loss parameters and short-range phase shifts. We then test the single-channel model by comparing it with the results of coupled-channel calculations of rotationally inelastic collisions between LiH molecules and Li atoms. We find that the range of cross sections predicted by the single-channel model becomes increasingly accurate as the initial LiH rotational quantum number increases, with a corresponding increase in the number of open loss channels. The results suggest that coupled-channel calculations at very low energy (in the s-wave regime) could in some cases be used to estimate a loss parameter and then to predict the range of possible loss rates at higher energy, without the need for explicit coupled-channel calculations for higher partial waves.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2014

Collision cross sections for the thermalization of cold gases

The collision cross section that controls thermalization of gas mixtures is the transport cross section $σ_η^{(1)}$ and not the elastic cross section $σ_{\rm el}$. The two are the same for pure s-wave scattering but not when higher partial waves contribute. We investigate the differences between them for prototype atomic mixtures and show that the distinction is important at energies above 100 $μ$K for LiYb and 3 $μ$K for RbYb and RbCs. For simple systems both $σ_η^{(1)}$ and $σ_{\rm el}$ follow universal energy dependence that depends only on the s-wave scattering length when expressed in reduced length and energy units.

physics.atom-ph↗