arXiv subjects

Matthias Bartelmann

Publications and source records attributed to Matthias Bartelmann.

184 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

arXiv1994

Arc Statistics with Realistic Cluster Potentials. II. Influence of Cluster Asymmetry and Substructure

We construct a sample of numerical models for clusters of galaxies and employ these to investigate their capability of imaging background sources into long arcs. Emphasis is laid on the statistics of these arcs. We study cross sections for arc length and length-to-width ratio and optical depths for these arc properties, we examine the distribution of arc widths and curvature radii among long arcs, and we compare these results to predictions based on simplified (radially symmetric) cluster models. We find that the capability of the numerically modeled clusters to produce long arcs is larger by about two orders of magnitude than that of spherically symmetric cluster models with the same observable parameters (core radii and velocity dispersions), and that they are similarly efficient as singular isothermal spheres with the same velocity-dispersion distribution. The influence of source ellipticity is also investigated; we find that the optical depth for arcs with a length-to-width ratio $\ga10$ is significantly larger for elliptical than for circular sources. Given these results, we conclude that spherically symmetric lens models for galaxy clusters, adapted to the observable parameters of these clusters, grossly underestimate the frequency of long arcs. We attribute this difference between numerically constructed and simplified analytical lens models to the abundance and the extent of intrinsic asymmetry and to substructure in galaxy clusters.

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arXiv1994

Cosmological Parameters from Angular Correlations between Qsos and Galaxies

The angular two-point correlation function between background QSOs and foreground galaxies induced by gravitational lensing is derived. It is shown that the shape of this correlation function depends sensitively on the spectrum of the density fluctuations in the Universe, thus providing a possibility to distinguish between different models for the spectrum. Using numerical large-scale structure simulations, I estimate that the QSO-galaxy correlation function can be measured from galaxy counts down to $\simeq21^{\rm st}\ldots22^{\rm nd}$ magnitude in fields with radius $\la25'$ around $50\ldots100$ QSOs with redshift $z\ge1$. Since the QSO-galaxy correlation function is proportional to $(-a-1)b$, where $b$ is the biasing factor of galaxy formation and $a$ is the effective slope of the QSO number counts, steep number counts are favorable for this kind of analysis. I show that $a=-4\ldots-5$ can be achieved with the 1-Jansky sample of radio-loud QSOs when the double-waveband magnification bias is employed. Moreover, the cross-correlation analysis allows to determine the galaxy-formation bias factor $b$.

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arXiv1994

Diffuse X-Ray Emission Around High-Redshift, Radio-Loud Qsos

We announce the detection of correlations on angular scales of $\ga10'$ between optically bright, high-redshift, radio-loud QSOs with diffuse X-ray emission seen by ROSAT in the {\it All-Sky Survey}. These correlations reach significance levels of up to $99.8\%$. A comparison of the results with a sample of control fields, bootstrapping analyses, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests provide unambiguous support for the statistical significance of the correlations found. We argue that the detected enhanced diffuse X-ray emission is in the foreground of the QSOs, and that it is probably due to galaxy clusters which magnify the QSOs by their gravitational lensing effect, thereby giving rise to a magnification bias in the background source sample. A comparison of the results presented below with correlations previously found between the same QSO sample and either Lick or IRAS galaxies provides further evidence for this interpretation, and identifies positions in the sky where weak gravitational lensing may be detected by searching for coherent distortions of background galaxy images.

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arXiv1994

On the spin parameter of dark-matter haloes

The study by White (1984) on the growth of angular momentum in dark haloes is extended towards a more detailed investigation of the spin parameter $λ\equiv L\sqrt{E}/{G M^{2.5}}$. Starting from the Zel'dovich approximation to structure formation, a dark halo is approximated by a homogeneous ellipsoid with the inertial tensor of the (highly irregular) Lagrangian region $Υ$ from which the dark halo forms. Within this approximation, an expression for the spin parameter can be derived, which depends on the geometry of $Υ$, the cosmological density parameter $Ω_0$, the overdensity of the dark halo, and the tidal torque exerted on it. For Gaussian random fields, this expression can be evaluated statistically. As a result, we derive a probability distribution of the spin parameter which gives $λ\simeq0.07^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$, consistent with numerical investigations. This probability distribution steeply rises with increasing spin parameter, reaching its maximum at $λ\simeq0.025$. The 10 (50,90) percentile values are $λ=0.02$ (0.05,0.11, respectively). There is a weak anticorrelation of the spin parameter with the peak height $ν$ of the density fluctuation field $λ\propto ν^{-0.29}$. The dependence on $Ω_0$ and the variance $σ$ of the density-contrast field is very weak; there is only a marginal tendency for the spin parameter to be slightly larger for late-forming objects in an open universe. Due to the weak dependence on $σ$, our results should be quite generally applicable and independent on

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