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Matthias Neubert

Publications and source records attributed to Matthias Neubert.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Evolution of the $B$-Meson Light-Cone Distribution Amplitude in Laplace Space

The $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude is a central quantity governing non-perturbative hadronic dynamics in exclusive $B$ decays. We show that the information needed to describe such processes at leading power in $Λ_{\rm QCD}/m_b$ is most directly contained in its Laplace transform $\tildeϕ_+(η)$. We derive the renormalization-group (RG) equation satisfied by this function and present its exact solution. We express the RG-improved QCD factorization theorem for the decay $B^-\toγ\ell^-\barν$ in terms of $\tildeϕ_+(η)$ and show that it is explicitly independent of the factorization scale. We propose an unbiased parameterization of $\tildeϕ_+(η)$ in terms of a small set of uncorrelated hadronic parameters.

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Axion-Like Particles at Future Colliders

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken global symmetries in high-energy extensions of the Standard Model (SM). This makes them a prime target for future experiments aiming to discover new physics which addresses some of the open questions of the SM. While future high-precision experiments can discover ALPs with masses well below the GeV scale, heavier ALPs can be searched for at future high-energy lepton and hadron colliders. We discuss the reach of the different proposed colliders, focusing on resonant ALP production, ALP production in the decay of heavy SM resonances, and associate ALP production with photons, Z bosons or Higgs bosons. We consider the leading effective operators mediating interactions between the ALP and SM particles and discuss search strategies for ALPs decaying promptly as well as ALPs with delayed decays. Projections for the high-luminosity run of the LHC and its high-energy upgrade, CLIC, the future $e^+e^-$ ring-colliders CEPC and FCC-ee, the future pp colliders SPPC and FCC-hh, and for the MATHUSLA surface array are presented. We further discuss the constraining power of future measurements of electroweak precision parameters on the relevant ALP couplings.

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Two-Loop Radiative Jet Function for Exclusive $B$-Meson and Higgs Decays

The rare radiative $B$-meson decay $B^-\toγ\ell^-\barν$ and the radiative Higgs-boson decay $h\toγγ$ mediated by light-quark loops both receive large logarithmic corrections in QCD, which can be resummed using factorization theorems derived in soft-collinear effective theory. In these factorization theorems the same radiative jet function appears, which is a central object in the study of factorization beyond the leading order in scale ratios. We calculate this function at two-loop order both in momentum space and in a dual space, where its renormalization-group evolution takes on a simpler form. We also derive the two-loop anomalous dimension of the jet function and present the exact solution to its evolution equation at two-loop order. Another important outcome of our analysis is the explicit form of the two-loop anomalous dimension of the $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude in momentum space.

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Renormalization and Scale Evolution of the Soft-Quark Soft Function

Soft functions defined in terms of matrix elements of soft fields dressed by Wilson lines are central components of factorization theorems for cross sections and decay rates in collider and heavy-quark physics. While in many cases the relevant soft functions are defined in terms of gluon operators, at subleading order in power counting soft functions containing quark fields appear. We present a detailed discussion of the properties of the soft-quark soft function consisting of a quark propagator dressed by two finite-length Wilson lines connecting at one point. This function enters in the factorization theorem for the Higgs-boson decay amplitude of the $h\toγγ$ process mediated by light-quark loops. We perform the renormalization of this soft function at one-loop order, derive its two-loop anomalous dimension and discuss solutions to its renormalization-group evolution equation in momentum space, in Laplace space and in the "diagonal space", where the evolution is strictly multiplicative.

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Factorization at Subleading Power and Endpoint-Divergent Convolutions in $h\toγγ$ Decay

It is by now well known that, at subleading power in scale ratios, factorization theorems for high-energy cross sections and decay amplitudes contain endpoint-divergent convolution integrals. The presence of these divergences hints at a violation of simple scale separation, as a result of the so-called collinear anomaly. At the technical level, endpoint divergences indicate an unexpected failure of dimensional regularization and the $\bar{\rm MS}$ subtraction scheme. In this paper we start a comprehensive discussion of factorization at subleading power within the framework of soft-collinear effective theory. As a concrete example, we factorize the decay amplitude for the radiative Higgs-boson decay $h\to γγ$ mediated by a $b$-quark loop, for which endpoint-divergent convolution integrals require both dimensional and rapidity regulators. We derive a factorization theorem for the decay amplitude in terms of bare Wilson coefficients and operator matrix elements. We show that endpoint divergences caused by rapidity divergences cancel to all orders in perturbation theory, while endpoint divergences that are regularized dimensionally can be removed by rearranging the terms in the factorization theorem. We use our result to resum the leading double-logarithmic corrections of order $α_s^n\ln^{2n+2}(-M_h^2/m_b^2)$ to all orders of perturbation theory.

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Les Houches Lectures on Renormalization Theory and Effective Field Theories

These lectures review the formalism of renormalization in quantum field theories with special regard to effective quantum field theories. While renormalization theory is part of every advanced course on quantum field theory, for effective theories some more advanced topics become particularly important. This includes the renormalization of composite operators, operator mixing under scale evolution, and the resummation of large logarithms of scale ratios. This course thus sets the basis for many of the more specialized lecture courses delivered at the 2017 Les Houches Summer School.

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Infrared Singularities of Scattering Amplitudes and N$^3$LL Resummation for $n$-Jet Processes

We revisit the multi-loop structure of the anomalous-dimension matrix governing the infrared divergences of massless $n$-particle scattering amplitudes in non-abelian gauge theories. In particular, we derive its most general form at four-loop order, significantly simplifying corresponding expressions given previously. By carefully reevaluating the constraints imposed by two-particle collinear limits, we find that at four-loop order color structures involving $d_R^{abcd}$, the symmetrized trace of four group generators, appear along with cusp logarithms $\ln[μ^2/(-s_{ij})]$. As a consequence, naive Casimir scaling of the cusp anomalous dimensions associated with the quark and gluon form factors is violated, while a generalized form of Casimir scaling still holds. Our results provide an important ingredient for resummations of large logarithms in $n$-jet cross sections with next-to-next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (N$^3$LL) accuracy.

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Dynamical origin of flavor hierarchies in a warped extra dimension

Extensions of the Standard Model featuring a warped extra dimension compactified on an $S^1/\mathbb{Z}_2$ orbifold, in which the fermions and gauge bosons live in the bulk of the fifth dimension, offer one of the most compelling mechanisms for addressing both the hierarchy problem and the flavor puzzle of the Standard Model. However, the five-dimensional mass terms of bulk fermions must be odd functions on the orbifold, and as such they should be described by a field depending on the coordinate of the extra dimension. We demonstrate the feasibility of dynamically generating these fermion bulk masses with a bulk scalar field in warped extra dimensions. The bulk scalar acquires a vacuum expectation value, which is odd under the orbifold symmetry and gives rise to the fermion bulk masses through non-universal Yukawa-like interactions. Like in the conventional Randall-Sundrum setup, the localization of the different fermion zero modes along the extra dimension naturally explains the observed flavor structure and four-dimensional mass hierarchy of the SM fermions. We study the phenomenological implications of the backreaction on the metric and the modified fermion profiles due to the bulk scalar field on electroweak precision and flavor observables. Using up-to-date data, we show that the contributions to the $S$, $T$, and $ε_K$ parameters require the mass of the first Kaluza-Klein gluon resonance to be of order 14 and 10 TeV in the minimal and the custodial model, respectively, regardless of the effect of the backreaction. Furthermore, effective flavor-changing interactions among the SM fermions induced by the bulk scalar are discussed. We also comment on the potential impact of the Higgs portal interaction of the bulk scalar on the couplings of the Higgs boson.

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Axion-like particles, lepton-flavor violation and a new explanation of $a_μ$ and $a_e$

Axion-like particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavor violating couplings can be probed in exotic muon and tau decays. The sensitivity of different experiments depends strongly on the ALP mass and its couplings to leptons and photons. For ALPs that can be resonantly produced, the sensitivity of three-body decays such as $μ\to 3e$ and $τ\to 3μ$ exceeds by many orders of magnitude that of radiative decays like $μ\to eγ$ and $τ\toμγ$. Searches for these two types of processes are therefore highly complementary. We discuss experimental constraints on ALPs with a single dominant lepton-flavor violating coupling. Allowing for one or more such couplings offers qualitatively new ways to explain the anomalies related to the magnetic moments of the muon and electron.

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Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case

We examine the theoretical motivations for long-lived particle (LLP) signals at the LHC in a comprehensive survey of Standard Model (SM) extensions. LLPs are a common prediction of a wide range of theories that address unsolved fundamental mysteries such as naturalness, dark matter, baryogenesis and neutrino masses, and represent a natural and generic possibility for physics beyond the SM (BSM). In most cases the LLP lifetime can be treated as a free parameter from the $μ$m scale up to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limit of $\sim 10^7$m. Neutral LLPs with lifetimes above $\sim$ 100m are particularly difficult to probe, as the sensitivity of the LHC main detectors is limited by challenging backgrounds, triggers, and small acceptances. MATHUSLA is a proposal for a minimally instrumented, large-volume surface detector near ATLAS or CMS. It would search for neutral LLPs produced in HL-LHC collisions by reconstructing displaced vertices (DVs) in a low-background environment, extending the sensitivity of the main detectors by orders of magnitude in the long-lifetime regime. In this white paper we study the LLP physics opportunities afforded by a MATHUSLA-like detector at the HL-LHC. We develop a model-independent approach to describe the sensitivity of MATHUSLA to BSM LLP signals, and compare it to DV and missing energy searches at ATLAS or CMS. We then explore the BSM motivations for LLPs in considerable detail, presenting a large number of new sensitivity studies. While our discussion is especially oriented towards the long-lifetime regime at MATHUSLA, this survey underlines the importance of a varied LLP search program at the LHC in general. By synthesizing these results into a general discussion of the top-down and bottom-up motivations for LLP searches, it is our aim to demonstrate the exceptional strength and breadth of the physics case for the construction of the MATHUSLA detector.

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Effective Theory for a Heavy Scalar Coupled to the SM via Vector-Like Quarks

We illustrate the application of the recently developed SCET$_{\rm BSM}$ framework in the context of a specific model, in which the Standard Model (SM) is supplemented by a heavy scalar $S$ and three generations of heavy, vector-like quarks $Ψ$. We construct the appropriate effective field theory for two-body decays of $S$ into SM particles. We explicitly compute the Wilson coefficients of the SCET$_{\rm BSM}$ operators appearing at leading and next-to-leading order (NLO) in an expansion in powers of $v/M_S$, as well as for a subset of operators arising at NNLO, retaining the full dependence on the ratio $M_S/M_Ψ$. For the phenomenologically most relevant decay channels of the heavy scalar, we study the impact of resummation effects of Sudakov logarithms on the decay rates.

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Collider Probes of Axion-Like Particles

Axion-like particles (ALPs), which are gauge-singlets under the Standard Model (SM), appear in many well-motivated extensions of the SM. Describing the interactions of ALPs with SM fields by means of an effective Lagrangian, we discuss ALP decays into SM particles at one-loop order, including for the first time a calculation of the $a\toπππ$ decay rates for ALP masses below a few GeV. We argue that, if the ALP couples to at least some SM particles with couplings of order $(0.01-1) \mbox{TeV}^{-1}$, its mass must be above 1 MeV. Taking into account the possibility of a macroscopic ALP decay length, we show that large regions of so far unconstrained parameter space can be explored by searches for the exotic, on-shell Higgs and $Z$ decays $h\to Za$, $h\to aa$ and $Z\toγa$ in Run-2 of the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 300 fb$^{-1}$. This includes the parameter space in which ALPs can explain the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Considering subsequent ALP decays into photons and charged leptons, we show that the LHC provides unprecedented sensitivity to the ALP-photon and ALP-lepton couplings in the mass region above a few MeV, even if the relevant ALP couplings are loop suppressed and the $a\toγγ$ and $a\to\ell^+\ell^-$ branching ratios are significantly less than 1. We also discuss constraints on the ALP parameter space from electroweak precision tests.

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Factorization and Resummation for Jet Processes

From a detailed analysis of cone-jet cross sections in effective field theory, we obtain novel factorization theorems which separate the physics associated with different energy scales present in such processes. The relevant low-energy physics is encoded in Wilson lines along the directions of the energetic particles inside the jets. This multi-Wilson-line structure is present even for narrow-cone jets due to the relevance of small-angle soft radiation. We discuss the renormalization-group equations satisfied by these operators. Their solution resums all logarithmically enhanced contributions to such processes, including non-global logarithms. Such logarithms arise in many observables, in particular whenever hard phase-space constraints are imposed, and are not captured with standard resummation techniques. Our formalism provides the basis for higher-order logarithmic resummations of jet and other non-global observables. As a nontrivial consistency check, we use it to obtain explicit two-loop results for all logarithmically enhanced terms in cone-jet cross sections and verify those against numerical fixed-order computations.

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LHC as an Axion Factory: Probing an Axion Explanation for $(g-2)_μ$ with Exotic Higgs Decays

We argue that a large region of so far unconstrained parameter space for axion-like particles (ALPs), where their couplings to the Standard Model are of order $(0.01\!-\!1)\,\mbox{TeV}^{-1}$, can be explored by searches for the exotic Higgs decays $h\to Za$ and $h\to aa$ in Run-2 of the LHC. Almost the complete region in which ALPs can explain the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon can be probed by searches for these decays with subsequent decay $a\toγγ$, even if the relevant couplings are loop suppressed and the $a\toγγ$ branching ratio is less than~1.

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Exclusive Radiative Decays of Z Bosons in QCD Factorization

We discuss the very rare, exclusive hadronic decays of a Z boson into a meson and a photon. The QCD factorization approach allows to organize the decay amplitude as an expansion in powers of $Λ_{\rm QCD}/m_Z\,$, where the leading terms contain convolutions of perturbatively calculable hard functions with the leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes of the meson. We find that power corrections to these leading terms are negligible since they are suppressed by the small ratio $(Λ_{\rm QCD}/m_Z)^2\,$. Renormalization-group effects play a crucial role as they render our theoretical predictions less sensitive to the hadronic input parameters which are currently not known very precisely. Thus, measurements of the decays $Z\to Mγ$ at the LHC or a future lepton collider provide a theoretically very clean way to test the QCD factorization approach. The special case where $M=η^({}'{}^)$ is complicated by the fact that the decay amplitude receives an additional contribution where the meson is formed from a two-gluon state. The corresponding branching ratios are very sensitive to the hadronic parameters describing the $η-η'$ system. Future measurements of these decays could yield interesting information about these parameters and the gluon distribution amplitude.

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Exclusive Weak Radiative Higgs Decays in the Standard Model and Beyond

We perform a detailed study of the exclusive Higgs decays $h\to MZ$ and $h\to MW$, where $M$ is a pseudoscalar or vector meson, using the QCD factorization approach. We allow for the presence of new-physics effects in the form of modified Higgs couplings to gauge bosons and fermions, including the possibility of flavor-changing Higgs couplings. We show that the decays $h\to VZ$ exhibit a strong sensitivity to the effective CP-even and CP-odd $hγZ$ couplings. When combined with a measurement of the $h\toγZ$ decay rate, this can be used to extract these couplings up to a sign ambiguity in the CP-odd coefficient. Some of the $h\to MW$ decay modes can be used to probe for flavor-violating Higgs couplings involving the top quark.

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Analyzing the CP Nature of a New Scalar Particle via S->Zh Decay

Scalar particles $S$ which are singlets under the Standard Model gauge group are generic features of many models of fundamental physics, in particular as possible mediators to a hidden sector. We show that the decay $S\to Zh$ provides a powerful probe of the CP nature of the scalar, because it is allowed only if $S$ has CP-odd interactions. We perform a model-independent analysis of this decay using an effective Lagrangian and compute the relevant Wilson coefficients arising from integrating out heavy fermions to one-loop order.

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Diphoton Resonance from a Warped Extra Dimension

We argue that extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with a warped extra dimension, which successfully address the hierarchy and flavor problems of elementary particle physics, can provide an elegant explanation of the 750 GeV diphoton excess recently reported by ATLAS and CMS. A gauge-singlet bulk scalar with ${\cal O}(1)$ couplings to fermions is identified as the new resonance $S$, and the vector-like Kaluza-Klein excitations of the SM quarks and leptons mediate its loop-induced couplings to photons and gluons. The electroweak gauge symmetry almost unambiguously dictates the bulk matter content and hence the hierarchies of the $S\to γγ$, $WW$, $ZZ$, $Zγ$, $t\bar t$ and dijet decay rates. We find that the $S\to Zγ$ decay mode is strongly suppressed, such that $\mbox{Br}(S\to Zγ)/\mbox{Br}(S\toγγ)<0.1$. The hierarchy problem for the new scalar boson is solved in analogy with the Higgs boson by localizing it near the infrared brane. The infinite sums over the Kaluza-Klein towers of fermion states are finite and can be calculated in closed form with a remarkably simple result. Reproducing the observed $pp\to S\toγγ$ signal requires Kaluza-Klein masses in the multi-TeV range, consistent with bounds from flavor physics and electroweak precision observables. Useful side products of our analysis, which can be adapted to almost any model for the diphoton resonance, are the calculation of the gluon-fusion production cross section $σ(pp\to S)$ at NNLO in QCD, an exact expression for the inclusive $S\to gg$ decay rate at N$^3$LO, a study of the $S\to t\bar t h$ three-body decay and a phenomenological analysis of portal couplings connecting $S$ with the Higgs field.

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