arXiv subjects

Maurice H. P. M. van Putten

Publications and source records attributed to Maurice H. P. M. van Putten.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Gauge dependence and self-force from Galilean to Einsteinian free fall, compact stars falling into black holes, Hawking radiation and the Pisa tower at the general relativity centennial

(Short abstract). In Galilean physics, the universality of free fall implies an inertial frame, which in turns implies that the mass m of the falling body is omitted. Otherwise, an additional acceleration proportional to m/M would rise either for an observer at the centre of mass of the system, or for an observer at a fixed distance from the centre of mass of M. These elementary, but overlooked, considerations fully respect the equivalence principle and the identity of an inertial or a gravitational pull for an observer in the Einstein cabin. They value as fore-runners of the self-force and gauge dependency in general relativity. The approximate nature of Galilei's law of free fall is explored herein. When stepping into general relativity, we report how the geodesic free fall into a black hole was the subject of an intense debate again centred on coordinate choice. Later, we describe how the infalling mass and the emitted gravitational radiation affect the free fall motion of a body. The general relativistic self-force might be dealt with to perfectly fit into a geodesic conception of motion. Then, embracing quantum mechanics, real black holes are not classical static objects any longer. Free fall has to handle the Hawking radiation, and leads us to new perspectives on the varying mass of the evaporating black hole and on the varying energy of the falling mass. Along the paper, we also estimate our findings for ordinary masses being dropped from a Galilean or Einsteinian Pisa-like tower with respect to the current state of the art drawn from precise measurements in ground and space laboratories, and to the constraints posed by quantum measurements. The appendix describes how education physics and high impact factor journals discuss the free fall. Finally, case studies conducted on undergraduate students and teachers are reviewed.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2016

A new estimator of the deceleration parameter from galaxy rotation curves

The nature of dark energy may be probed by the derivative $Q=\left.dq(z)/dz\right|_0$ at redshift $z=0$ of the deceleration parameter $q(z)$. It is probably static if $Q<1$ or dynamic if $Q>2.5$, supporting $Λ$CDM or, respectively, $Λ=(1-q)H^2$, where $H$ denotes the Hubble parameter. We derive $q=1-\left(4πa_0/cH\right)^{2}$, enabling a determination of $q(z)$ by measurement of Milgrom's parameter $a_0(z)$ in galaxy rotation curves, equivalent to the coefficient $A$ in the Tully-Fisher relation $V^4_c=AM_b$ between rotation velocity $V_c$ and baryonic mass $M_b$. We infer that dark matter should be extremely light with clustering limited to the size of galaxy clusters. The associated transition radius to non-Newtonian gravity may conceivably be probed in a free fall Cavendish type experiment in space.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2015

Free fall onto evaporating black holes at the quantum limit

Black hole space times evaporate in discrete steps due to remarkably slow Hawking radiation. We here identify evaporation with essentially extremal states at the limit of quantum computation, performing $2.7\times 10^{79}$ bit calculations per photon emission in a one solar mass black hole. During evaporation, particles in free fall co-evolve satisfying $EM=$constant, where $E$ and $M$ denote the total mass energy-at-infinity of the particle and, respectively, black hole. Particles are hereby increasingly entangled with the black hole space-time over the course of its evaporation.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2015

Proposed searches for candidate sources of gravitational waves in a nearby core-collapse supernova survey

Gravitational wave bursts in the formation of neutron stars and black holes in energetic core-collapse supernovae (CC-SNe) are of potential interest to LIGO-Virgo and KAGRA. Events nearby are readily discovered using moderately sized telescopes. CC-SNe are competitive with mergers of neutron stars and black holes, if the fraction producing an energetic output in gravitational waves exceeds about 1\%. This opportunity motivates the design of a novel Sejong University Core-CollapsE Supernova Survey (SUCCESS), to provide triggers for follow-up searches for gravitational waves. It is based on the 76 cm Sejong University Telescope (SUT) for weekly monitoring of nearby star-forming galaxies, i.e., M51, M81-M82 and Blue Dwarf Galaxies from the Unified Nearby Galaxy Catalog with an expected yield of a few hundred per year. Optical light curves will be resolved for the true time-of-onset for probes of gravitational waves by broadband time-sliced matched filtering.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2015

Near-extremal black holes as initial conditions of long GRB-supernovae and probes of their gravitational wave emission

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with supernovae and short GRBs with Extended Emission (SGRBEE) from mergers are probably powered by black holes as a common inner engine, as their prompt GRB emission satisfies the same Amati correlation in the $E_{p,i}-E_{iso}$ plane. We introduce modified Bardeen equations to identify hyper-accretion driving newly formed black holes in core-collapse supernovae to near-extremal spin as a precursor to prompt GRB emission. Subsequent spin-down is observed in the BATSE catalog of long GRBs. Spin-down provides a natural unification of long durations associated with the lifetime of black hole spin for normal long GRBs and SGRBEEs, given the absence of major fallback matter in mergers. The results point to major emissions unseen in high frequency gravitational waves. A novel matched filtering method is described for LIGO-Virgo and KAGRA broadband probes of nearby core-collapse supernovae at essentially maximal sensitivity.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2015

Broadband extended emission in gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae

Black holes in core-collapse of massive stars are expected to surge in mass and angular momentum by hyper-accretion immediately following their formation. We here describe a general framework of extended emission in gravitational waves from non-axisymmetric accretion flows from fallback matter of the progenitor envelope. It shows (a) a maximum efficiency in conversion of accretion energy into gravitational waves at hyper-accretion rates exceeding a critical value set by the ratio of the quadrupole mass inhomogeneity and viscosity with (b) a peak characteristic strain amplitude at the frequency $f_b=Ω_b/π$, where $Ω_b$ is the Keplerian angular velocity at which viscous torques equal angular momentum loss in gravitational radiation, with $h_{char}\propto f^{1/6}$ at $f f_b$. Upcoming gravitational wave observations may probe this scaling by extracting broadband spectra using time-sliced matched filtering with chirp templates, recently developed for identifying turbulence in noisy time series.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2015

Accelerated expansion from cosmological holography

It is shown that holographic cosmology implies an evolving Hubble radius $c^{-1}\dot{R}_H = -1 + 3Ω_m$ in the presence of a dimensionless matter density $Ω_m$ scaled to the closure density $3H^2/8πG$, where $c$ denotes the velocity of light and $H$ and $G$ denote the Hubble parameter and Newton's constant. It reveals a dynamical dark energy and a sixfold increase in gravitational attraction to matter on the scale of the Hubble acceleration. It reproduces the transition redshift $z_t\simeq 0.4$ to the present epoch of accelerated expansion and is consistent with $(q_0,(dq/dz)_0)$ of the deceleration parameter $q(z)=q_0+(dq/dz)_0z$ observed in Type Ia supernovae.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2015

A holographic bound on the total number of computations in the visible Universe

Information $I$ in holographic imaging of massive particles by star-like screens is shown to represent the probability of detection based on their propagator. Results are derived for screens in the shape of a plane, cube and sphere from unitarity in the exponentially small transition probability for a detection outside. We derive $I=2πΔφ$ in $\log2$ bits for the imaging of a particle by a spherical screen at a relative de Broglie phase $Δφ$. Encoding mass, charge, angular momentum or radiation requires at minimum four bits. Minimal screens at maximal information density hereby recover Reissner-Nordström and extremal Kerr black holes. Applied to the visible Universe, the Hubble flow of galaxies through the cosmological event horizon leaves $10^{121}$ computations in the future.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2015

Galaxy rotation curves in de Sitter space

Dark energy inferred from the observed negative deceleration parameter introduces a small mass of the graviton, that satisfies the Higuchi stability condition. It implies an infra-red modification of gravitation that produces Milgrom's inverse distance law of gravitational attraction in excellent agreement with the observed galaxy rotation curves. We conclude that dark matter is present cosmologically with no need for local clustering in galaxies.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Extreme luminosities in ejecta produced by intermittent outflows around rotating black holes

Extreme sources in the Transient Universe show evidence of relativistic outflows from intermittent inner engines, such as cosmological gamma-ray bursts. They probably derive from rotating back holes interacting with surrounding matter. We show that these interactions are enhanced inversely proportional to the duty cycle in advection of magnetic flux, as may apply at high accretion rates. We demonstrate the morphology and ballistic propagation of relativistic ejecta from burst outflows by numerical simulations in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. Applied to stellar mass black holes in core-collapse of massive stars, it provides a robust explosion mechanism as a function of total energy output. At breakout, these ejecta may produce a low-luminosity GRB. A long GRB may ensue from an additional ultra-relativistic baryon-poor inner jet from a sufficiently long-lived intermittent inner engine. The simulations demonstrate a complex geometry in mergers of successive ejecta, whose mixing and shocks provide a pathway to broadband high energy emission from magnetic reconnection and shocks.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2014

Broad band turbulent spectra in gamma-ray burst light curves

Broad band power density spectra offer a window to understanding turbulent behavior in the emission mechanism and, at the highest frequencies, in the putative inner engines powering long GRBs. We describe a chirp search method which steps aside Fourier analysis for signal detection in the Poisson noise-dominated 2 kHz sampled BeppoSAX light curves. An efficient numerical implementation is described in $O(Nn\log n)$ operations, where $N$ is the number of chirp templates and $n$ is the length of the light curve time series, suited for embarrassingly parallel processing. For detection of individual chirps of duration $τ=1$ s, the method is one order of magnitude more sensitive in SNR than Fourier analysis. The Fourier-chirp spectra of GRB 010408 and GRB 970816 show a continuation of the spectral slope up to 1 kHz of turbulence identified in low frequency Fourier analysis. The same continuation is observed in an ensemble averaged spectrum of 40 bright long GRBs. An outlook on a similar analysis of upcoming gravitational wave data is included.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2014

On the origin of short GRBs with Extended Emission and long GRBs without associated SN

The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) classifies cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into short (less than 2 s) and long (over 2 s) events, commonly attributed to mergers of compact objects and, respectively, peculiar core-collapse supernovae. This standard classification has recently been challenged by the {\em Swift} discovery of short GRBs showing Extended Emission (SGRBEE) and nearby long GRBs without an accompanying supernova (LGRBN). Both show an initial hard pulse, characteristic of SGRBs, followed by a long duration soft tail. We here consider the spectral peak energy ($E_{p,i}$)-radiated energy $(E_{iso})$ correlation and the redshift distributions to probe the astronomical and physical origin of these different classes of GRBs. We consider {\em Swift} events of $15$ SGRBs, $7$ SGRBEEs, 3 LGRBNs and 230 LGRBs. The spectral-energy properties of the initial pulse of both SGRBEE and LGRBNs are found to coincide with those of SGRBs. A Monte Carlo simulation shows that the redshift distributions of SGRBs, SGRBEE and LGRBNs fall outside the distribution of LGRBs at 4.75$\,σ$, 4.67$\,σ$ and 4.31$σ$, respectively. A distinct origin of SGRBEEs with respect to LGRBs is also supported by the elliptical host galaxies of the SGRBEE events 050509B and 050724. This combined evidence supports the hypothesis that SGRBEE and LGRBNs originate in mergers as SGRBs. Moreover, long/soft tail of SGRB and LGRBNs satisfy the same $E_{p,i}-E_{iso}$ Amati-correlation holding for normal LGRBs. This fact points to rapidly rotating black holes as a common long-lived inner engine produced by different astronomical progenitors (mergers and supernovae).

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2014

Evolution of induced earthquakes from dimensionless scaling

Event counts are a powerful diagnostic for earthquake analysis. We report on a bimodal distribution of earthquake event counts in the U.S. since 2013. The new peak is about a magnitude M1 with a distribution very similar to that of induced earthquakes in Groningen, The Netherlands, characterized by exponential growth in event count since 2001. The latter shows a doubling time of 6.24 years with a relatively constant rate of land subsidence. We model its internal shear stresses as a function of dimensionless curvature and illustrate the resulting exponential growth in a tabletop crack formation experiment. Our study proposes a new method of parameter-free statistical forecasting of induced events, that circumvents the need for a magnitude cut-off in the Gutenberg-Richter relationship.

physics.geo-ph↗

arXiv2014

Asymptotic harmonic behavior in the prime number distribution

We consider $Φ(x)=x^{-\frac{1}{4}}\left[1-2\sqrt{x}Σe^{-p^2πx}\ln p\right]$ on $x>0$, where the sum is over all primes $p$. If $Φ$ is bounded on $x>0$, then the Riemann hypothesis is true or there are infinitely many zeros Re~$z_k>\frac{1}{2}$. The first 21 zeros give rise to asymptotic harmonic behavior in $Φ(x)$ defined by the prime numbers up to one trillion.

math.NT↗

arXiv2013

Long GRBs and massive stellar explosions from frame dragging around rotating black holes

The most energetic GRB-supernovae probably derive from rotating stellar mass black holes. Based on BeppoSax data, we identify a mechanism for exploding a remnant stellar envelope by disk winds. A specific signature is high frequency modulations in the accompanying prompt GRB emission from dissipation in high energy emissions along the black hole spin axis due, in part, to forced turbulence in the inner disk or torus mediated by frame dragging. A majority of long GRBs are found to have significant autocorrelation below 10 Hz with chirps extending up to 1000 Hz. Their comoving Fourier spectra satisfy a power law with index $α\simeq-0.82$ up to about one hundred Hz and comoving chirp spectra show broken power laws with $α\simeq-0.65$ up to 10 Hz, $α\simeq-0.25$ up to a few hundred Hz and $α\simeq0$ beyond. These high frequency signatures are the most direct signature of long-lived turbulence down to the ISCO of rotating black holes, pointing directly accompanying long duration bursts in gravitational wave emission.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2013

An outlook on event rates of induced earth quakes in the Netherlands: a preliminary analysis

The increasing rate in earth quakes in the Netherlands is attributed to the enhanced depletion of Groningen natural gas, currently at a rate of 50 billion m3 per year. We performed a model-independent analysis of the earth quake event counts in KNMI data. We find an exponential growth since 2001 with a standard deviation of 0.37% and a doubling time of 6.2 years, giving rise to one event per day in 2025. A trend in the magnitude of the quakes is indiscernible. There is no apparent sensisitivity to NAM pruduction of natural gas, which increased linearly with a standard deviation of 9.4% over the last decade. We identify the earth quakes with an avalanche triggered by a pressure drop, currently 50% away from the equilibrium pressure at the depth of 3 km. Re-establishing pressure equilibrium will proceed with an anticipated drop in soil surface up to a few meters.

physics.geo-ph↗

arXiv2013

Search for gravitational waves from supernovae and long GRBs

We report on evidence for black hole spindown in the light curves of the BATSE catalogue of 1491 long GRBs by application of matched filtering. This observation points to a strong interaction of the black hole with surrounding high density matter at the ISCO, inducing non-axisymmetric instabilities sustained by cooling in gravitational wave emission. Opportunities for LIGO-Virgo and the recently funded KAGRA experiments are highlighted, for long GRBs with and without supernovae and for hyper-energetic core-collapse supernovae within a distance of about 35 Mpc in the Local Universe.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2012

Multimessenger Astronomy and Astrophysics Synergies

A budget neutral strategy is proposed for NSF to lead the implementation of multimessenger astronomy and astrophysics, as outlined in the Astro2010 Decadal Survey. The emerging capabilities for simultaneous measurements of physical and astronomical data through the different windows of electromagnetic, hadronic and gravitational radiation processes call for a vigorous pursuit of new synergies. The proposed approach is aimed at the formation of new collaborations and multimessenger data-analysis, to transcend the scientific inquiries made within a single window of observations. In view of budgetary constraints, we propose to include the multimessenger dimension in the ranking of proposals submitted under existing NSF programs.

astro-ph.IM↗