arXiv subjects

Maxence Mayrand

Publications and source records attributed to Maxence Mayrand.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Complex abelian varieties and quantum error correction: a mathematical framework for GKP codes

We study a class of quantum error-correcting codes through the geometry of complex abelian varieties. These codes, introduced by Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill, are built from symplectically integral lattices and therefore naturally define polarized complex abelian varieties. We give a precise mathematical formulation of this relationship and extend it to a dictionary between the main structures of GKP code theory and classical objects in the theory of abelian varieties. For instance, under this dictionary, the finite-dimensional code space becomes the space of theta functions $H^0(X, L)$, logical Pauli gates arise from the theta group, passive logical Clifford gates correspond to automorphisms of the polarized abelian variety, and concatenation with stabilizer codes corresponds to isogeny. We also prove several key results that give precise mathematical formulations of statements about these codes that often appear in heuristic form in the physics literature. In particular, we prove that the encoding is asymptotically isometric, that every logical Clifford gate is realized by a Gaussian unitary, and that, for noise of small variance, the failure probability is governed to first order by the shortest nontrivial displacement in the kernel of the polarization isogeny, a systolic invariant of the underlying polarization. This leads naturally to optimization problems on the moduli space of polarized abelian varieties.

math.AG↗

arXiv2025

Lax-Kirchhoff moduli spaces and Hamiltonian 2D TQFT

We introduce the Lax-Kirchhoff moduli space associated with a finite quiver $\Gamma$ and a compact connected Lie group $G$. On each oriented edge we consider the Lax equation $\dot{A}_1 + [A_0, A_1] = 0$ and impose a Kirchhoff-type matching condition for the fields $A_1$ at interior vertices. Modulo gauge transformations trivial on the boundary, this yields a moduli space $\mathcal{M}(\Gamma)$. We prove that $\mathcal{M}(\Gamma)$ is a finite-dimensional smooth symplectic manifold carrying a Hamiltonian action of $G^{\partial\Gamma}$ whose moment map records the boundary values of $A_1$. Analytically, we construct slices for the infinite-dimensional gauge action and realize $\mathcal{M}(\Gamma)$ by Marsden-Weinstein reduction. For the quiver consisting of a single edge, we recover the classical identification $\mathcal{M} \cong T^*G$. In general, we identify $\mathcal{M}(\Gamma)$ with a symplectic reduction of $T^*G^E$ by $G^{\Gamma_{\mathrm{int}}}$, where $E$ is the set of edges and $\Gamma_{\mathrm{int}}$ is the set of interior vertices. We further show that $\mathcal{M}(\Gamma)$ is invariant under quiver homotopies, implying that it depends only on the surface with boundary obtained by thickening $\Gamma$. We then assemble these spaces into a two-dimensional topological quantum field theory valued in a category of Hamiltonian spaces.

math.DG↗

arXiv2025

Deformations of quasi-Hamiltonian spaces

We introduce a notion of deformations of quasi-Hamiltonian $G$-spaces to Hamiltonian $G$-spaces and provide several examples. In particular, we show that the double $G \times G$ of a Lie group, viewed as a quasi-Hamiltonian $G \times G$-space, deforms smoothly to the cotangent bundle $T^*G$. Likewise, any conjugacy class of $G$ sufficiently close to the identity deforms to a coadjoint orbit. We further show that the moduli space of flat $G$-connections on a compact oriented surface of genus $g$ with $r+1$ boundary components deforms to $T^*G^{r+g}$.

math.SG↗

arXiv2025

Grothendieck-Springer resolutions and TQFTs

The Moore-Tachikawa conjecture is that each connected complex semisimple group $G$ determines a two-dimensional TQFT in a category of Hamiltonian symplectic varieties. While it would be worthwhile to prove this conjecture outright, our objectives are drastically different. We instead view the Moore--Tachikawa conjecture as a first step in systematically assigning new TQFTs to purely Lie-theoretic data. At the same time, one should expect these new TQFTs to bear a close relation to those conjectured by Moore and Tachikawa. Our manuscript aims to integrate these two points of view. Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be the Lie algebra of $G$. Consider a conjugacy class $\mathcal{C}$ of parabolic subalgebras of $\mathfrak{g}$. This class determines partial Grothendieck--Springer resolutions $\mu_{\mathcal{C}}:\mathfrak{g}_{\mathcal{C}}\longrightarrow\mathfrak{g}^*=\mathfrak{g}$ and $\nu_{\mathcal{C}}:G_{\mathcal{C}}\longrightarrow G$. We construct a canonical symplectic groupoid $(T^*G)_{\mathcal{C}}\substack{\longrightarrow\\[-9pt] \longrightarrow}\mathfrak{g}_{\mathcal{C}}$ and quasi-symplectic groupoid $\mathrm{D}(G)_{\mathcal{C}}\substack{\longrightarrow\\[-9pt] \longrightarrow} G_{\mathcal{C}}$. By considering a Kostant slice $\mathrm{Kos}\subseteq\mathfrak{g}$ and Steinberg slice $\mathrm{Ste}\subseteq G$, we prove that the pairs $(((T^*G)_{\mathcal{C}})_{\text{reg}}\substack{\longrightarrow\\[-9pt] \longrightarrow}(\mathfrak{g}_{\mathcal{C}})_{\text{reg}},\mu_{\mathcal{C}}^{-1}(\mathrm{Kos}))$ and $((\mathrm{D}(G)_{\mathcal{C}})_{\text{reg}}\substack{\longrightarrow\\[-9pt] \longrightarrow}(G_{\mathcal{C}})_{\text{reg}},\nu_{\mathcal{C}}^{-1}(\mathrm{Ste}))$ determine new and explicit TQFTs in a $1$-shifted Weinstein symplectic category. We then show that certain symplectic varieties arising from our new TQFTs have canonical Lagrangian relations to the open Moore-Tachikawa varieties.

math.SG↗

arXiv2024

The Moore-Tachikawa conjecture via shifted symplectic geometry

We use shifted symplectic geometry to construct the Moore-Tachikawa topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) in a category of Hamiltonian schemes. Our new and overarching insight is an algebraic explanation for the existence of these TQFTs, i.e. that their structure comes naturally from three ingredients: Morita equivalence, as well as multiplication and identity bisections in abelian symplectic groupoids. Using this insight, we generalize the Moore-Tachikawa TQFTs in two directions. The first generalization concerns a 1-shifted version of the Weinstein symplectic category $\mathbf{WS}_1$. Each abelianizable quasi-symplectic groupoid $\mathcal{G}$ is shown to determine a canonical 2-dimensional TQFT $\eta_{\mathcal{G}}:\mathbf{Cob}_2\longrightarrow\mathbf{WS}_1$. We recover the open Moore-Tachikawa TQFT and its multiplicative counterpart as special cases. Our second generalization is an affinization process for TQFTs. We first enlarge Moore and Tachikawa's category $\mathbf{MT}$ of holomorphic symplectic varieties with Hamiltonian actions to $\mathbf{AMT}$, a category of affine Poisson schemes with Hamiltonian actions of affine symplectic groupoids. We then show that if $\mathcal{G} \rightrightarrows X$ is an affine symplectic groupoid that is abelianizable when restricted to an open subset $U \subseteq X$ statisfying Hartogs' theorem, then $\mathcal{G}$ determines a TQFT $\eta_{\mathcal{G}} : \mathbf{Cob}_2 \longrightarrow \mathbf{AMT}$. In more detail, we first devise an affinization process sending 1-shifted Lagrangian correspondences in $\mathbf{WS}_1$ to Hamiltonian Poisson schemes in $\mathbf{AMT}$. The TQFT is obtained by composing this affinization process with the TQFT $\eta_{\mathcal{G}|_U} : \mathbf{Cob}_2 \longrightarrow \mathbf{WS}_1$ of the previous paragraph. Our results are also shown to yield new TQFTs outside of the Moore-Tachikawa setting.

math.SG↗

arXiv2024

Scheme-theoretic coisotropic reduction

We develop an affine scheme-theoretic version of Hamiltonian reduction by symplectic groupoids. It works over $\Bbbk=\mathbb{R}$ or $\Bbbk=\mathbb{C}$, and is formulated for an affine symplectic groupoid $\mathcal{G}\rightrightarrows X$, an affine Hamiltonian $\mathcal{G}$-scheme $\mu:M\longrightarrow X$, a coisotropic subvariety $S\subseteq X$, and a stabilizer subgroupoid $\mathcal{H}\rightrightarrows S$. Our first main result is that the Poisson bracket on $\Bbbk[M]$ induces a Poisson bracket on the subquotient $\Bbbk[\mu^{-1}(S)]^{\mathcal{H}}$. The Poisson scheme $\mathrm{Spec}(\Bbbk[\mu^{-1}(S)]^{\mathcal{H}})$ is then declared to be a Hamiltonian reduction of $M$. Other main results include sufficient conditions for $\mathrm{Spec}(\Bbbk[\mu^{-1}(S)]^{\mathcal{H}})$ to inherit a residual Hamiltonian scheme structure. Our main results are best viewed as affine scheme-theoretic counterparts to an earlier paper, where we simultaneously generalize several Hamiltonian reduction processes. In this way, the present work yields scheme-theoretic analogues of Marsden-Ratiu reduction, Mikami-Weinstein reduction, \'{S}niatycki-Weinstein reduction, and symplectic reduction along general coisotropic submanifolds. The initial impetus for this work was its utility in formulating and proving generalizations of the Moore-Tachikawa conjecture.

math.SG↗

arXiv2023

Shifted coisotropic structures for differentiable stacks

We introduce a notion of coisotropics on 1-shifted symplectic Lie groupoids (i.e. quasi-symplectic groupoids) using twisted Dirac structures and show that it satisfies properties analogous to the corresponding derived-algebraic notion in shifted Poisson geometry. In particular, intersections of 1-coisotropics are 0-shifted Poisson. We also show that 1-shifted coisotropic structures transfer through Morita equivalences, giving a well-defined notion for differentiable stacks. Most results are formulated with clean-intersection conditions weaker than transversality while avoiding derived geometry. Examples of 1-coisotropics that are not necessarily Lagrangians include Hamiltonian actions of quasi-symplectic groupoids on Dirac manifolds, and this recovers several generalizations of Marsden-Weinstein-Meyer's symplectic reduction via intersection and Morita transfer.

math.SG↗

arXiv2022

Reduction along strong Dirac maps

We develop a general procedure for reduction along strong Dirac maps, which are a broad generalization of Poisson momentum maps. We recover a large number of familiar constructions in Poisson and quasi-Poisson geometry, and we introduce new examples of Poisson, quasi-Poisson, and Dirac reduced structures. In particular, we obtain quasi-Poisson analogues of several classes of spaces that are studied in geometric representation theory.

math.SG↗

arXiv2021

Symplectic reduction along a submanifold

We introduce the process of symplectic reduction along a submanifold as a uniform approach to taking quotients in symplectic geometry. This construction holds in the categories of smooth manifolds, complex analytic spaces, and complex algebraic varieties, and has an interpretation in terms of derived stacks in shifted symplectic geometry. It also encompasses Marsden--Weinstein--Meyer reduction, Mikami--Weinstein reduction, the pre-images of Poisson transversals under moment maps, symplectic cutting, symplectic implosion, and the Ginzburg--Kazhdan construction of Moore--Tachikawa varieties in TQFT. A key feature of our construction is a concrete and systematic association of a Hamiltonian $G$-space $\mathfrak{M}_{G, S}$ to each pair $(G,S)$, where $G$ is any Lie group and $S\subseteq\mathrm{Lie}(G)^*$ is any submanifold satisfying certain non-degeneracy conditions. The spaces $\mathfrak{M}_{G, S}$ satisfy a universal property for symplectic reduction which generalizes that of the universal imploded cross-section. While these Hamiltonian $G$-spaces are explicit and natural from a Lie-theoretic perspective, some of them appear to be new.

math.SG↗

arXiv2020

Hyperkahler metrics near Lagrangian submanifolds and symplectic groupoids

The first part of this paper is a generalization of the Feix-Kaledin theorem on the existence of a hyperkahler metric on a neighbourhood of the zero section of the cotangent bundle of a Kahler manifold. We show that the problem of constructing a hyperkahler structure on a neighbourhood of a complex Lagrangian submanifold in a holomorphic symplectic manifold reduces to the existence of certain deformations of holomorphic symplectic structures. The Feix-Kaledin structure is recovered from the twisted cotangent bundle. We then show that every holomorphic symplectic groupoid over a compact holomorphic Poisson surface of Kahler type has a hyperkahler structure on a neighbourhood of its identity section. More generally, we reduce the existence of a hyperkahler structure on a symplectic realization of a holomorphic Poisson manifold of any dimension to the existence of certain deformations of holomorphic Poisson structures adapted from Hitchin's unobstructedness theorem.

math.DG↗

arXiv2018

Kempf-Ness type theorems and Nahm equations

We prove a version of the affine Kempf-Ness theorem for non-algebraic symplectic structures and shifted moment maps, and use it to describe hyperkahler quotients of T*G, where G is a complex reductive group.

math.AG↗

arXiv2018

Stratification of singular hyperkahler quotients

Hyperkahler quotients by non-free actions are typically highly singular, but are remarkably still partitioned into smooth hyperkahler manifolds. We show that these partitions are topological stratifications, in a strong sense. We also endow the quotients with global Poisson structures which induce the hyperkahler structures on the strata. Finally, we give a local model which shows that these quotients are locally isomorphic to linear complex-symplectic reductions in the GIT sense. These results can be thought of as the hyperkahler analogues of Sjamaar-Lerman's theorems for symplectic reduction. They are based on a local normal form for the underlying complex-Hamiltonian manifold, which may be of independent interest.

math.DG↗

arXiv2017

Stratified hyperkahler spaces from semisimple Lie algebras

We study singular hyperkahler quotients of the cotangent bundle of a complex semisimple Lie group as stratified spaces whose strata are hyperkahler. We focus on one particular case where the stratification satisfies the frontier condition and the partial order on the set of strata can be described explicitly by Lie theoretic data.

math.DG↗

arXiv2014

Particle Motion in Monopoles and Geodesics on Cones

The equations of motion of a charged particle in the field of Yang's $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ monopole in 5-dimensional Euclidean space are derived by applying the Kaluza-Klein formalism to the principal bundle $\mathbb{R}^8\setminus\{0\}\to\mathbb{R}^5\setminus\{0\}$ obtained by radially extending the Hopf fibration $S^7\to S^4$, and solved by elementary methods. The main result is that for every particle trajectory $\mathbf{r}:I\to\mathbb{R}^5\setminus\{0\}$, there is a 4-dimensional cone with vertex at the origin on which $\mathbf{r}$ is a geodesic. We give an explicit expression of the cone for any initial conditions.

math.DS↗