arXiv subjects

Maxim Chernodub

Publications and source records attributed to Maxim Chernodub.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Negative moment of inertia of large-$N_c$ gluons on a ring

We study SU($N_c$) Yang-Mills theory in $1+1$ dimensions at finite temperature on a spatial ring that rotates uniformly in a plane. We show that the effect of rotation results only in a simple kinematic enhancement of the gauge coupling $g$, which becomes rescaled by a Lorentz factor corresponding to the tangential rotational velocity of the ring. Using well-established analytic results in Yang-Mills theory in the 't Hooft limit of an infinite number of colors, we demonstrate that the moment of inertia of the large-$N_c$ gluon plasma on the ring is negative. This counterintuitive conclusion is, however, in agreement with recent first-principle numerical simulations of hot $3+1$ dimensional SU(3) Yang-Mills theory that also reported a negative moment of inertia for gluon plasma in an experimentally relevant window of temperatures above the deconfinement transition. Furthermore, we argue that our picture provides a qualitative explanation for three other intriguing features observed in lattice simulations of vortical QCD: the emergence of a spatially inhomogeneous mixed phase, the inconsistency of its spatial structure with a standard picture dictated by the Tolman-Ehrenfest law, and the enhancement of the critical deconfining temperature by rotation.

hep-th↗

arXiv2025

Enhanced Condensation Through Rotation

We argue that rotation of a thin superconducting cylinder can increase the critical superconducting temperature substantially. A purely rotational effect originates from the tendency of a steadily rotating mechanical system to maximize its moment of inertia. A condensation of Cooper pairs in a rotating cylinder decouples a part of the normal electron fraction from rotation, thus producing a circulating electric current of an uncompensated electric charge of lattice ions. The current generates the magnetic field that stores energy of rotation, thus increasing the moment of inertia. In the presence of an external magnetic field, another enhancement effect originates from the interaction energy of the dipole magnetic moment of the normal component with the background magnetic field. In both cases, rotation of the cylindrical shell promotes the formation of condensate that decouples from mechanical rotation. We give quantitative estimates for a thin cylinder of aluminum.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2024

Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous across different physical systems of current interest; from the early Universe, compact astrophysical objects and heavy-ion collisions to condensed matter systems. A proper treatment of the effects produced by magnetic fields during the dynamical evolution of these systems, can help to understand observables that otherwise show a puzzling behavior. Furthermore, when these fields are comparable to or stronger than \Lambda_QCD, they serve as excellent probes to help elucidate the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. In this work we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments on the description of QED and QCD systems where magnetic field driven effects are important. These include the modification of meson static properties such as masses and form factors, the chiral magnetic effect, the description of anomalous transport coefficients, superconductivity in extreme magnetic fields, the properties of neutron stars, the evolution of heavy-ion collisions, as well as effects on the QCD phase diagram. We describe recent theory and phenomenological developments using effective models as well as LQCD methods. The work represents a state-of-the-art review of the field, motivated by presentations and discussions during the "Workshop on Strongly Interacting Matter in Strong Electromagnetic Fields" that took place in the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) in the city of Trento, Italy, September 25-29, 2023.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2022

Counterpart of the Chandrasekhar-Kendall state in noncentrosymmetric superconductors

We demonstrate that superconductors with broken inversion symmetry support a family of stable, spatially localized configurations of the self-knotted magnetic field. These solutions, that we term ``toroflux,'' are the superconducting counterparts of the Chandrasekhar-Kendall states (spheromaks) that appear in highly conducting, force-free astrophysical and nuclear-fusion plasmas. The superconducting torofluxes are solutions of superconducting models, in the presence of a parity-breaking Lifshitz invariant associated with the $O$ point-group symmetry. These solutions are characterized by a non-vanishing helicity of the magnetic field, and also by a toroidal dipole moment of the magnetic field. We demonstrate that a magnetic dipole or a ferromagnetic inclusion in the bulk of a noncentrosymmetric superconductor sources finite-energy toroflux solutions.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2022

Anomalous Luttinger equivalence between temperature and curved spacetime: From black hole's atmosphere to thermal quenches

Building on the idea of Tolman and Ehrenfest that heat has weight, Luttinger established a deep connection between gravitational fields and thermal transport. However, this relation does not include anomalous quantum fluctuations that become paramount in strongly curved spacetime. In this work, we revisit the celebrated Tolman-Ehrenfest and Luttinger relations and show how to incorporate the quantum energy scales associated with these fluctuations, captured by gravitational anomalies of quantum field theories. We point out that such anomalous fluctuations naturally occur in the quantum atmosphere of a black hole. Our results reveal that analogous fluctuations are also observable in thermal conductors in flat-space time provided local temperature varies strongly. As a consequence, we establish that the gravitational anomalies manifest themselves naturally in non-linear thermal response of a quantum wire. In addition, we propose a systematic way to identify thermal analogues of black hole's anomalous quantum fluctuations associated to gravitational anomalies. We identify their signatures in propagating energy waves following a thermal quench, as well as in the energy density of heating Floquet states induced by repeated quenches.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2016

Chiral medium produced by parallel electric and magnetic fields

We compute (pseudo)critical temperature, $T_c$, of chiral symmetry restoration for quark matter in the background of parallel electric and magnetic fields. This field configuration leads to the production of a chiral medium on a time scale $\tau$, characterized by a nonvanishing value of the chiral density that equilibrates due to microscopic processes in the thermal bath. We estimate the relaxation time $\tau$ to be about $\approx 0.1-1$ fm/c around the chiral crossover; then we compute the effect of the fields and of the chiral medium on~$T_c$. We find $T_c$ to be lowered by the external fields in the chiral medium.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2016

Possible formation of high temperature superconductor at early stage of heavy-ion collisions

We investigate the effect of the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) on the charged $\rho$ meson condensation at finite temperature in the framework of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, where mesons are calculated to the leading order of $1/N_c$ expansion by summing up infinity quark-loops. IMC for chiral condensate has been considered in three different ways, i.e. fitting Lattice data, using the running coupling constant and introducing the chiral chemical potential, respectively. It is observed that, with no IMC effect included, the critical magnetic field $eB_c$ for charged $\rho$ condensation increases monotonically with the temperature. However, including IMC substantially affects the polarized charged $\rho$ condensation around the critical temperature $T_c$ of chiral phase transition, the critical magnetic field $eB_c$ for charged $\rho$ condensation decreases with the temperature firstly, reaches to a minimum value around $T_c$, then increases with the temperature. Our calculation indicates that the charged $\rho$ condensation can exist in the temperature region of $1-1.5 T_c$ with critical magnetic field $eB_c\sim 0.15-0.3 {\rm GeV}^2$, which suggests that high temperature superconductor might be created through non-central heavy ion collisions at LHC energies. We also show that a growing electric conductivity in early stage of non-central heavy-ion collisions substantially delays the decay of strong magnetic field, which is helpful for the formation of the high temperature superconductor.

hep-ph↗