Electrochromic chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals
Chiral nematic liquid crystals are one-dimensional photonic band-gap materials whose reflection wavelength can be well tuned by temperature, but only limited and irreversible tuning can be achieved by electric fields. In contrast, oblique heliconical chiral nematic materials blueshift with <1kV/mm fields applied along the helix axis, whereas chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals can be redshifted by <0.1kV/mm fields applied perpendicular to the helix axis. Here we demonstrate that in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, the reflection color can be reversibly tuned also by electric fields applied along the helix axis. In sandwich cells assembled with bare conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, the reflectivity peak wavelength increases by up to 200 nm under fields up to 0.4 kV/mm. When the ITO substrates are treated with an electrically insulating polymer layer, the reflectivity shift is suppressed. We propose a theoretical model assuming helical deformation of the helix axis under electric field. This model accounts for all observations and also yields an estimate of the splay elastic constant which is challenging to determine by other methods. Our findings expand understanding of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals and suggest potential applications in both tunable reflectors and energy-efficient smart windows.