arXiv subjects

Megumi Harada

Publications and source records attributed to Megumi Harada.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2012

The product structure of the equivariant K-theory of the based loop group of SU(2)

Let G=SU(2) and let ΩG denote the space of continuous based loops in G, equipped with the pointwise conjugation action of G. It is a classical fact in topology that the ordinary cohomology H^*(ΩG) is a divided polynomial algebra Γ[x]. The algebra Γ[x] can be described as an inverse limit as k goes to infinity of the symmetric subalgebra in the exterior algebra Λ(x_1, ...,x_k) in the variables x_1, ..., x_k. We compute the R(G)-algebra structure of the G-equivariant K-theory of ΩG in a way which naturally generalizes the classical computation of the ordinary cohomology ring of ΩG as a divided polynomial algebra Γ[x]. Specifically, we prove that K^*_G(ΩG) is an inverse limit of the symmetric (S_{2r}-invariant) subalgebra of K^*_G((P^1)^{2r}), where the symmetric group S_{2r} acts in the natural way on the factors of the 2r-fold product (P^1)^{2r} and G acts diagonally via the standard action on each complex projective line P^1.

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arXiv2012

Torsion in the full orbifold K-theory of abelian symplectic quotients

Let (M,ω,Φ) be a Hamiltonian T-space and let H be a closed Lie subtorus of T. Under some technical hypotheses on the moment map Φ, we prove that there is no additive torsion in the integral full orbifold K-theory of the orbifold symplectic quotient [M//H]. Our main technical tool is an extension to the case of moment map level sets the well-known result that components of the moment map of a Hamiltonian T-space M are Morse-Bott functions on M. As first applications, we conclude that a large class of symplectic toric orbifolds, as well as certain S^1-quotients of GKM spaces, have integral full orbifold K-theory that is free of additive torsion. Finally, we introduce the notion of semilocally Delzant which allows us to formulate sufficient conditions under which the hypotheses of the main theorem hold. We illustrate our results using low-rank coadjoint orbits of type A and B.

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arXiv2011

Poset pinball, highest forms, and (n-2,2) Springer varieties

We study type $A$ nilpotent Hessenberg varieties equipped with a natural $S^1$-action using techniques introduced by Tymoczko, Harada-Tymoczko, and Bayegan-Harada, with a particular emphasis on a special class of nilpotent Springer varieties corresponding to the partition $λ= (n-2,2)$ for $n \geq 4$. First we define the adjacent-pair matrix corresponding to any filling of a Young diagram with $n$ boxes with the alphabet $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Using the adjacent-pair matrix we make more explicit and also extend some statements concerning highest forms of linear operators in previous work of Tymoczko. Second, for a nilpotent operator $N$ and Hessenberg function $h$, we construct an explicit bijection between the $S^1$-fixed points of the nilpotent Hessenberg variety $\Hess(N,h)$ and the set of $(h,λ_N)$-permissible fillings of the Young diagram $λ_N$. Third, we use poset pinball, the combinatorial game introduced by Harada and Tymoczko, to study the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology of type $A$ Springer varieties $\mathcal{S}_{(n-2,2)}$ associated to Young diagrams of shape $(n-2,2)$ for $n\geq 4$. Specifically, we use the dimension pair algorithm for Betti-acceptable pinball described by Bayegan and Harada to specify a subset of the equivariant Schubert classes in the $T$-equivariant cohomology of the flag variety $\mathcal{F}\ell ags(\C^n)$ which maps to a module basis of $H^*_{S^1}(\mathcal{S}_{(n-2,2)})$ under the projection $H^*_T(\mathcal{F}\ell ags(\C^n)) \to H^*_{S^1}(\mathcal{S}_{(n-2,2)})$. Our pinball module basis is not poset-upper-triangular; this is the first concrete such example in the literature. A consequence of our proof is that there exists a simple and explicit change of basis which transforms our basis to a poset-upper-triangular module basis for $H^*_{S^1}(\mathcal{S}_{(n-2,2)})$. We close with open questions for future work.

math.AG↗

arXiv2010

Poset pinball, the dimension pair algorithm, and type A regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties

In this manuscript we develop the theory of poset pinball, a combinatorial game recently introduced by Harada and Tymoczko for the study of the equivariant cohomology rings of GKM-compatible subspaces of GKM spaces. Harada and Tymoczko also prove that in certain circumstances, a successful outcome of Betti poset pinball yields a module basis for the equivariant cohomology ring of the GKM-compatible subspace. Our main contributions are twofold. First we construct an algorithm (which we call the dimension pair algorithm) which yields the result of a successful outcome of Betti poset pinball for any type $A$ regular nilpotent Hessenberg and any type $A$ nilpotent Springer variety, considered as GKM-compatible subspaces of the flag variety $\Flags(\C^n)$. The definition of the algorithm is motivated by a correspondence between Hessenberg affine cells and certain Schubert polynomials which we learned from Erik Insko. Second, in the special case of the type $A$ regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties specified by the Hessenberg function $h(1)=h(2)=3$ and $h(i) = i+1$ for $3 \leq i \leq n-1$ and $h(n)=n$, we prove that the pinball result coming from the dimension pair algorithm is poset-upper-triangular; by results of Harada and Tymoczko this implies the corresponding equivariant cohomology classes form a $H^*_{S^1}(\pt)$-module basis for the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology ring of the Hessenberg variety.

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arXiv2010

Poset pinball, GKM-compatible subspaces, and Hessenberg varieties

This paper has three main goals. First, we set up a general framework to address the problem of constructing module bases for the equivariant cohomology of certain subspaces of GKM spaces. To this end we introduce the notion of a GKM-compatible subspace of an ambient GKM space. We also discuss poset-upper-triangularity, a key combinatorial notion in both GKM theory and more generally in localization theory in equivariant cohomology. With a view toward other applications, we present parts of our setup in a general algebraic and combinatorial framework. Second, motivated by our central problem of building module bases, we introduce a combinatorial game which we dub poset pinball and illustrate with several examples. Finally, as first applications, we apply the perspective of GKM-compatible subspaces and poset pinball to construct explicit and computationally convenient module bases for the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology of all Peterson varieties of classical Lie type, and subregular Springer varieties of Lie type $A$. In addition, in the Springer case we use our module basis to lift the classical Springer representation on the ordinary cohomology of subregular Springer varieties to $S^1$-equivariant cohomology in Lie type $A$.

math.AT↗

arXiv2010

Morse theory of the moment map for representations of quivers

The results of this paper concern the Morse theory of the norm-square of the moment map on the space of representations of a quiver. We show that the gradient flow of this function converges, and that the Morse stratification induced by the gradient flow co-incides with the Harder-Narasimhan stratification from algebraic geometry. Moreover, the limit of the gradient flow is isomorphic to the graded object of the Harder-Narasimhan-Jordan-Hölder filtration associated to the initial conditions for the flow. With a view towards applications to Nakajima quiver varieties we construct explicit local co-ordinates around the Morse strata and (under a technical hypothesis on the stability parameter) describe the negative normal space to the critical sets. Finally, we observe that the usual Kirwan surjectivity theorems in rational cohomology and integral K-theory carry over to this non-compact setting, and that these theorems generalize to certain equivariant contexts.

math.DG↗

arXiv2010

Divided differences and the Weyl character formula in equivariant K-theory

Let $X$ be a topological space and $G$ a compact connected Lie group acting on $X$. Atiyah proved that the $G$-equivariant K-group of $X$ is a direct summand of the $T$-equivariant K-group of $X$, where $T$ is a maximal torus of $G$. We show that this direct summand is equal to the subgroup of $K_T^*(X)$ annihilated by certain divided difference operators. If $X$ consists of a single point, this assertion amounts to the Weyl character formula. We also give sufficient conditions on $X$ for $K_G^*(X)$ to be isomorphic to the subgroup of Weyl invariants of $K_T^*(X)$.

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arXiv2009

A positive Monk formula in the S^1-equivariant cohomology of type A Peterson varieties

Peterson varieties are a special class of Hessenberg varieties that have been extensively studied e.g. by Peterson, Kostant, and Rietsch, in connection with the quantum cohomology of the flag variety. In this manuscript, we develop a generalized Schubert calculus, and in particular a positive Chevalley-Monk formula, for the ordinary and Borel-equivariant cohomology of the Peterson variety $Y$ in type $A_{n-1}$, with respect to a natural $S^1$-action arising from the standard action of the maximal torus on flag varieties. As far as we know, this is the first example of positive Schubert calculus beyond the realm of Kac-Moody flag varieties $G/P$. Our main results are as follows. First, we identify a computationally convenient basis of $H^*_{S^1}(Y)$, which we call the basis of Peterson Schubert classes. Second, we derive a manifestly positive, integral Chevalley-Monk formula for the product of a cohomology-degree-2 Peterson Schubert class with an arbitrary Peterson Schubert class. Both $H^*_{S^1}(Y)$ and $H^*(Y)$ are generated in degree 2. Finally, by using our Chevalley-Monk formula we give explicit descriptions (via generators and relations) of both the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology ring $H^*_{S^1}(Y)$ and the ordinary cohomology ring $H^*(Y)$ of the type $A_{n-1}$ Peterson variety. Our methods are both directly from and inspired by those of GKM (Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson) theory and classical Schubert calculus. We discuss several open questions and directions for future work.

math.AG↗

arXiv2009

The Full Orbifold $K$-theory of Abelian Symplectic Quotients

In their 2007 paper, Jarvis, Kaufmann, and Kimura defined the full orbifold $K$-theory of an orbifold ${\mathfrak X}$, analogous to the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of ${\mathfrak X}$ in that it uses the obstruction bundle as a quantum correction to the multiplicative structure. We give an explicit algorithm for the computation of this orbifold invariant in the case when ${\mathfrak X}$ arises as an abelian symplectic quotient. Our methods are integral $K$-theoretic analogues of those used in the orbifold cohomology case by Goldin, Holm, and Knutson in 2005. We rely on the $K$-theoretic Kirwan surjectivity methods developed by Harada and Landweber. As a worked class of examples, we compute the full orbifold $K$-theory of weighted projective spaces that occur as a symplectic quotient of a complex affine space by a circle. Our computations hold over the integers, and in the particular case of weighted projective spaces, we show that the associated invariant is torsion-free.

math.SG↗

arXiv2009

Connectivity properties of moment maps on based loop groups

For a compact, connected, simply-connected Lie group G, the loop group LG is the infinite-dimensional Hilbert Lie group consisting of H^1-Sobolev maps S^1-->G. The geometry of LG and its homogeneous spaces is related to representation theory and has been extensively studied. The space of based loops Omega(G) is an example of a homogeneous space of $LG$ and has a natural Hamiltonian T x S^1 action, where T is the maximal torus of G. We study the moment map mu for this action, and in particular prove that its regular level sets are connected. This result is as an infinite-dimensional analogue of a theorem of Atiyah that states that the preimage of a moment map for a Hamiltonian torus action on a compact symplectic manifold is connected. In the finite-dimensional case, this connectivity result is used to prove that the image of the moment map for a compact Hamiltonian T-space is convex. Thus our theorem can also be viewed as a companion result to a theorem of Atiyah and Pressley, which states that the image mu(Omega(G)) is convex. We also show that for the energy functional E, which is the moment map for the S^1 rotation action, each non-empty preimage is connected.

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arXiv2008

The K-theory of abelian symplectic quotients

Let T be a compact torus and (M,ω) a Hamiltonian T-space. In a previous paper, the authors showed that the T-equivariant K-theory of the manifold M surjects onto the ordinary integral K-theory of the symplectic quotient M \mod T of M by T, under certain technical conditions on the moment map. In this paper, we use equivariant Morse theory to give a method for computing the K-theory of the symplectic quotient by obtaining an explicit description of the kernel of the surjection κ: K^*_T(M) \onto K^*(M \mod T). Our results are K-theoretic analogues of the work of Tolman and Weitsman for Borel equivariant cohomology. Further, we prove that under suitable technical conditions on the T-orbit stratification of M, there is an explicit Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson (``GKM'') type combinatorial description of the K-theory of a Hamiltonian T-space in terms of fixed point data. Finally, we illustrate our methods by computing the ordinary K-theory of compact symplectic toric manifolds, which arise as symplectic quotients of an affine space \C^N by a linear torus action.

math.SG↗

arXiv2007

Kirwan surjectivity in K-theory for Hamiltonian loop group quotients

Let G be a compact Lie group and LG its associated loop group. The main result of this manuscript is a surjectivity theorem from the equivariant K-theory of a Hamiltonian LG-space onto the integral K-theory of its Hamiltonian LG-quotient. Our result is a K-theoretic analogue of previous work in rational Borel-equivariant cohomology of Bott, Tolman, and Weitsman. Our proof techniques differ from that of Bott, Tolman, and Weitsman in that they explicitly use the Borel construction, which we do not have at our disposal in equivariant K-theory; we instead directly construct G-equivariant homotopy equivalences to obtain the necessary isomorphisms in equivariant K-theory. The main theorem should also be viewed as a first step toward a similar theorem in K-theory for quasi-Hamiltonian G-spaces and their associated quasi-Hamiltonian quotients.

math.SG↗

arXiv2007

Orbifold cohomology of hypertoric varieties

Hypertoric varieties are hyperkähler analogues of toric varieties, and are constructed as abelian hyperkähler quotients of a quaternionic affine space. Just as symplectic toric orbifolds are determined by labelled polytopes, orbifold hypertoric varieties are intimately related to the combinatorics of hyperplane arrangements. By developing hyperkähler analogues of symplectic techniques developed by Goldin, Holm, and Knutson, we give an explicit combinatorial description of the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of an orbifold hypertoric variety in terms of the combinatorial data of a rational cooriented weighted hyperplane arrangement. We detail several explicit examples, including some computations of orbifold Betti numbers (and Euler characteristics).

math.DG↗

arXiv2006

The K-theory of abelian versus nonabelian symplectic quotients

We compare the K-theories of symplectic quotients with respect to a compact connected Lie group and with respect to its maximal torus, and in particular we give a method for computing the former in terms of the latter. More specifically, let G be a compact connected Lie group with no torsion in its fundamental group, let T be a maximal torus of G, and let M be a compact Hamiltonian G-space. Let M//G and M//T denote the symplectic quotients of M by G and by T, respectively. Using Hodgkin's Kunneth spectral sequence for equivariant K-theory, we express the K-theory of M//G in terms of the elements in the K-theory of M//T which are invariant under the action of the Weyl group, in addition to the Euler class e of a natural Spin^c vector bundle over M//T. This Euler class e is induced by the denominator in the Weyl character formula, viewed as a virtual representation of T; this is relevant for our proof. Our results are K-theoretic analogues of similar (unpublished) results by Martin for rational cohomology. However, our results and approach differ from his in three significant ways. First, Martin's method involves integral formulae, but the corresponding index formulae in K-theory are too coarse a tool, as they cannot detect torsion. Instead, we carefully analyze related K-theoretic pushforward maps. Second, Martin's method involves dividing by the order of the Weyl group, which is not possible in (integral) K-theory. We render this unnecessary by examining Weyl anti-invariant elements, proving a K-theoretic version of a lemma due to Brion. Finally, Martin's results are expressed in terms of the annihilator ideal of e^2, the square of the Euler class mentioned above. We are able to "remove the square", working instead with the annihilator ideal of e.

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arXiv2005

Surjectivity for Hamiltonian G-spaces in K-theory

Let G be a compact connected Lie group, and (M,ω) a Hamiltonian G-space with proper moment map μ. We give a surjectivity result which expresses the K-theory of the symplectic quotient M//G in terms of the equivariant K-theory of the original manifold M, under certain technical conditions on μ. This result is a natural K-theoretic analogue of the Kirwan surjectivity theorem in symplectic geometry. The main technical tool is the K-theoretic Atiyah-Bott lemma, which plays a fundamental role in the symplectic geometry of Hamiltonian G-spaces. We discuss this lemma in detail and highlight the differences between the K-theory and rational cohomology versions of this lemma. We also introduce a K-theoretic version of equivariant formality and prove that when the fundamental group of G is torsion-free, every compact Hamiltonian G-space is equivariantly formal. Under these conditions, the forgetful map K_{G}^{*}(M) \to K^{*}(M) is surjective, and thus every complex vector bundle admits a stable equivariant structure. Furthermore, by considering complex line bundles, we show that every integral cohomology class in H^{2}(M;\Z) admits an equivariant extension in H_{G}^{2}(M;\Z).

math.SG↗

arXiv2004

Computation of generalized equivariant cohomologies of Kac-Moody flag varieties

In 1998, Goresky, Kottwitz, and MacPherson showed that for certain projective varieties X equipped with an algebraic action of a complex torus T, the equivariant cohomology ring H_T(X) can be described by combinatorial data obtained from its orbit decomposition. In this paper, we generalize their theorem in three different ways. First, our group G need not be a torus. Second, our space X is an equivariant stratified space, along with some additional hypotheses on the attaching maps. Third, and most important, we allow for generalized equivariant cohomology theories E_G^* instead of H_T^*. For these spaces, we give a combinatorial description of E_G(X) as a subring of \prod E_G(F_i), where the F_i are certain invariant subspaces of X. Our main examples are the flag varieties G/P of Kac-Moody groups G, with the action of the torus of G. In this context, the F_i are the T-fixed points and E_G^* is a T-equivariant complex oriented cohomology theory, such as H_T^*, K_T^* or MU_T^*. We detail several explicit examples.

math.AT↗

arXiv2004

The equivariant cohomology of hypertoric varieties and their real loci

Let M be a Hamiltonian T space with a proper moment map, bounded below in some component. In this setting, we give a combinatorial description of the T-equivariant cohomology of M, extending results of Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson and techniques of Tolman and Weitsman. Moreover, when M is equipped with an antisymplectic involution σanticommuting with the action of T, we also extend to this noncompact setting the ``mod 2'' versions of these results to the real locus Q:= M^σof M. We give applications of these results to the theory of hypertoric varieties.

math.DG↗

arXiv2004

The symplectic geometry of the Gel'fand-Cetlin-Molev basis for representations of Sp(2n,C)

Gel'fand and Cetlin constructed in the 1950s a canonical basis for a finite-dimensional representation V(λ) of U(n,\C) by successive decompositions of the representation by a chain of subgroups. Guillemin and Sternberg constructed in the 1980s the Gel'fand-Cetlin integrable system on the coadjoint orbits of U(n,\C), which is the symplectic geometric version, via geometric quantization, of the Gel'fand-Cetlin construction. (Much the same construction works for representations of SO(n,\R).) A. Molev in 1999 found a Gel'fand-Cetlin-type basis for representations of the symplectic group, using essentially new ideas. An important new role is played by the Yangian Y(2), an infinite-dimensional Hopf algebra, and a subalgebra of Y(2) called the twisted Yangian Y^{-}(2). In this paper we use deformation theory to give the analogous symplectic-geometric results for the case of U(n,\H), i.e. we construct a completely integrable system on the coadjoint orbits of U(n,\H). We call this the Gel'fand-Cetlin-Molev integrable system.

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