arXiv subjects

Merab Gogberashvili

Publications and source records attributed to Merab Gogberashvili.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Dark Energy from Entanglements with Mirror Universe

We investigate a possible resolution of the dark energy problem within a pair-universe framework, in which the Universe emerges as an entangled pair of time-reversed sectors. In this setting, a global zero-energy condition allows vacuum energy contributions from the two sectors to cancel, alleviating the need for extreme fine-tuning. We propose that the observed dark energy does not originate from vacuum fluctuations but instead arises as an effective entanglement energy between the visible universe and its mirror counterpart. Treating the cosmological constant as an integration constant fixed by boundary conditions rather than a fundamental parameter, we show that the cosmological equations can be formulated without explicitly introducing vacuum energy. By imposing physically motivated boundary conditions at the cosmological event horizon, we obtain an integration constant consistent with the observed dark energy density. The parallel mirror world scenario thus provides a unified framework that may simultaneously explain the origins of dark energy and dark matter.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Hubble Tension as an Effect of Horizon Entanglement Nonequilibrium

We propose an infrared mechanism for alleviating the Hubble constant tension, based on a small departure from entanglement equilibrium at the cosmological apparent horizon. If the horizon entanglement entropy falls slightly below the Bekenstein-Hawking value, we parametrize the shortfall by a fractional deficit $\delta(a)$ evolving with the FLRW scale factor $a$. The associated equipartition deficit at the Gibbons-Hawking temperature then sources a smooth, homogeneous component whose density scales as $H^{2}/G$, with a dimensionless coefficient $c_{e}^{2}(a)$ of order unity times $\delta(a)$. Because this component tracks $H^{2}$, it is negligible at early times but can activate at redshifts $z\lesssim 1$, raising the late time expansion rate by a few percent without affecting recombination or the sound horizon. We present a minimal three parameter activation model for $c_{e}^{2}(a)$ and derive its impact on the background expansion, effective equation of state, and linear growth for a smooth entanglement sector. The framework predicts a small boost in $H(z)$, a mild suppression of $f\sigma_{8}(z)$, and a corresponding modification of the low-$z$ distance-redshift relation. We test these predictions against current low-redshift data sets, including SN~Ia distance moduli, baryon acoustic oscillation distance measurements, cosmic chronometer $H(z)$ data, and redshift space distortion constraints, and discuss whether the $H_0$ tension can be consistently interpreted as a late-time, horizon-scale information deficit rather than an early universe modification.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

The width of a black hole atmosphere

Black holes, as classical solutions of General Relativity, are expected to exhibit quantum properties near their horizons. In this paper, we examine the behavior of quantum particles near the Schwarzschild horizon by solving the Klein-Gordon equation in the quasi-classical approximation. Our analysis shows that, rather than the periodic-in-time solutions typically associated with black hole exteriors or interiors, particles near the horizon exhibit exponentially decaying (or growing) time-dependent solutions with a complex phase. This suggests that particles are unlikely to cross the Schwarzschild horizon; instead, they are either absorbed by the black hole or reflected back, forming a thin atmospheric layer around the horizon. Using geodesic equations derived from the Klein-Gordon equation, we estimate the width of this atmosphere.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2025

Ultra High Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A as a Signal of Electroweak Vacuum Turbulence in Merging Black Hole Binaries

The recent detection of the ultra-high-energy neutrino event KM3-230213A ($\sim$220 PeV) by KM3NeT telescope poses a challenge to conventional astrophysical models, particularly in light of the absence of similar $\gtrsim$100 PeV events in IceCube data, despite its larger exposure. We propose a novel mechanism in which binary black hole mergers act as transient neutrino sources via gravitationally induced electroweak vacuum instability. In this scenario, the extreme spacetime curvature near the horizons during the final inspiral phase destabilizes the Higgs vacuum, triggering nucleation of true-vacuum bubbles. Collisions between these bubbles produce microscopic black holes that rapidly evaporate via Hawking radiation, emitting intense, short-lived bursts of neutrinos with energies exceeding 100 PeV. The resulting neutrino fluence follows a heavy-tailed distribution, allowing rare but highly luminous sources to account for events like KM3-230213A while remaining consistent with IceCube's non-detections. This framework links gravitational wave sources to ultra-high-energy neutrino production and suggests that future multi-messenger observations may detect electromagnetic signatures from microscopic black hole evaporation.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

Black Holes and Baryon Number Violation: Unveiling the Origins of Early Galaxies and the Low-Mass Gap

We propose that modifications to the Higgs potential within a narrow atmospheric layer near the event horizon of an astrophysical black hole could significantly enhance the rate of sphaleron transitions, as well as transform the Chern-Simons number into a dynamic variable. As a result, sphaleron transitions in this region occur without suppression, in contrast to low-temperature conditions, and each transition may generate a substantially greater baryon number than would be produced by winding around the Higgs potential in Minkowski spacetime. This effect amplifies baryon number violation near the black hole horizon, potentially leading to a considerable generation of matter. Given the possibility of a departure from equilibrium during the absorption of matter and the formation of relativistic jets in supermassive black holes, we conjecture that this process could contribute to the creation of a significant amount of matter around such black holes. This phenomenon may offer an alternative explanation for the rapid growth of supermassive black holes and their surrounding galaxies in the early Universe, as suggested by recent observations from the JWST. Furthermore, this mechanism may provide insights into the low-mass gap puzzle, addressing the observed scarcity of black holes with masses near the Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Split octonionic Dirac equation

The novel forms of the split octonionic Dirac equation and its corresponding Lagrangian are derived using symbolic computing techniques.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2024

General spherically symmetric solution of Cotton gravity

In this paper we present the general spherically symmetric static solution to the vacuum equations of Cotton gravity. The obtained metric solution reveals the presence of singularities at the photosphere of a spherical source, which probably obstruct the formation of the stellar Schwarzschild-radius black holes. The solution is characterized by two integration constants, whose values can be restricted by association with the Hubble horizon. We examine the diverse features of the solution, including the long-range modifications to Newton's force through the incorporation of the velocity-squared repulsive term to model the dark energy.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

The bimetric model with an informational metric tensor

We consider a hybrid bimetric model where, in addition to the ordinary metric tensor that determines geometry, an informational metric is introduced to describe the reference frame of an observer. We note that the local information metric being Minkowskian explains one of the key aspects of the Einstein equivalence principle. Our approach has the potential to justify the three-dimensional nature of physical space and address the gravitational energy puzzle. Furthermore, it appears to be free of ghost instabilities in the matter sector, as the second metric tensor couples exclusively to the observer and is non-dynamical.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Dirac and Maxwell systems in split octonions

The known equivalence of 8-dimensional chiral spinors and vectors, also referred to as triality, is discussed for (4+4)-space. Split octonionic representation of SO(4,4) and Spin(4,4) groups and the trilinear invariant form are explicitly written and compared with Clifford algebraic matrix representation. It is noted that the complete algebra of split octonionic basis units can be recovered from the Moufang and Malcev relations for the three vector-like elements. Lagrangians on split octonionic fields that generalize Dirac and Maxwell systems are constructed using group invariant forms. It is shown that corresponding equations are related to split octonionic analyticity conditions.

math-ph↗

arXiv2023

Higgs Field-Induced Triboluminescence in Binary Black Hole Mergers

We conjecture that the Higgs potential can be significantly modified when it is in close proximity to the horizon of an astrophysical black hole, leading to the destabilization of the electroweak vacuum. In this situation, the black hole should be encompassed by a shell consisting of a "bowling substance" of the nucleating new phase bubbles. In a binary black hole merger, just before the coalescence, the nucleated bubbles can be prevented from falling under their seeding horizons, as they are simultaneously attracted by the gravitational potential of the companion. For a short time, the unstable vacuum will be "sandwiched" between two horizons of the binary black hole, and therefore the bubbles may collide and form micro-black holes, which will be rapidly evaporated by thermal emission of Hawking radiation of all Standard Model spices. This evaporation, being triggered by a gravitational wave signal from the binary black hole merger, can manifest itself in observations of gamma rays and very high energy neutrinos, which makes it a perfect physics case for multi-messenger astronomical observations.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2023

Einstein's hole argument and Schwarzschild singularities

According to the Einstein hole argument, vacuum metric solutions are equivalent only if they correspond to the same energy--momentum tensor in the source region. In this paper it is shown that singular coordinates that are used to show Schwarzschild geodesics completeness, introduce the fictive delta-like sources at the horizon. Then, metric tensors obtained by such singular transformations, cannot be considered as solutions of the same Einstein equations with the central source.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Fixing cosmological constant on the event horizon

Standard cosmological equations are written for the Hubble volume, while the real boundary of space-time is the event horizon. Within the unimodular and thermodynamic approaches to gravity, the dark energy term in cosmological equations appears as an integration constant, which we fix at the event horizon and obtain the observed value for the cosmological constant.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2022

Algebraical Entropy and Arrow of Time

Usually, it is supposed that irreversibility of time appears only in macrophysics. Here, we attempt to introduce the microphysical arrow of time assuming that at a fundamental level nature could be non-associative. Obtaining numerical results of a measurement, which requires at least three ingredients: object, device and observer, in the non-associative case depends on ordering of operations and is ambiguous. We show that use of octonions as a fundamental algebra, in any measurement, leads to generation of unavoidable 18.6~bit relative entropy of the probability density functions of the active and passive transformations, which correspond to the groups G2 and SO(7), respectively. This algebraical entropy can be used to determine the arrow of time, analogically as thermodynamic entropy does.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

Towards an information description of space-time

We attempt to describe geometry in terms of informational quantities for the universe considered as a finite ensemble of correlated quantum particles. As the main dynamical principle, we use the conservation of the sum of all kinds of entropies: thermodynamic, quantum and informational. The fundamental constant of speed is interpreted as the information velocity for the world ensemble and also connected with the gravitational potential of the universe on a particle. The two postulates, which are enough to derive the whole theory of Special Relativity, are re-formulated as the principles of information entropy universality and finiteness of information density.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

Probing the Information-Probabilistic Description

The information conservation principle is probed for classically isolated systems, like the Hubble sphere and black holes, for which the rise of entanglement entropy across their horizons is expected. We accept the analogy of Landauer's principle that entanglement information should introduce some negative potential energy, which corresponds to the positive energy of measurements that destroy this quantum behavior. We estimated these dark-energy-like contributions and found that they can explain the dark energy of the Universe and also are able to resolve the observed superluminal motion and redshift controversies for black holes.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2021

Can the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination decrease the Hubble tension?

In the recently suggested non-standard, quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination, the presence of neighboring proton increases the ionization energy and decreases the final recombination rate of hydrogen. Both these two effects can lead to the larger value of the present expansion rate of the universe obtained using CMB data and standard cosmological model, and thus are able to reduce or resolve the Hubble tension problem. We note also that due to the quasi-molecular channel the recombination began earlier, what potentially can solve the sigma-eight tension, since the CMB-predicted value of the late matter density will be decreased.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2021

Unexpected LIGO events and the Mirror World

We consider the possibility that LIGO events GW190521, GW190425 and GW190814 may have emerged from the mirror world binaries. Theories of star evolution predict so called upper and lower mass gaps and masses of these merger components lie in that gaps. In order to explain these challenging events very specific assumptions are required and we argue that such scenarios are order of magnitude more probable in mirror world, where star formation begins earlier and matter density can exceed 5 times the ordinary matter density.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2021

The energy meaning of Boltzmann's constant

The atomic scale is the only relevant thermodynamic scale in our universe, since quantum properties restrict classical considerations of subatomic physics and disappear for larger scales. Then the characteristic energy that dictates the value of the unit of temperature can be the classical thermal energy defined for simplest atoms. It is shown that vibrational frequency of a classical model hydrogen atom, of the radius of its Rydberg wavelength, is in far-infrared range and from its quantum of energy one can obtain the value of Boltzmann's constant that serves as the measure of the absolute temperature in kelvins.

physics.gen-ph↗