arXiv subjects

Michał Ławniczak

Publications and source records attributed to Michał Ławniczak.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Construction of isoscattering non-isospectral quantum graphs using the concept of a germ graph

The recently developed concept of germ graphs (P. Kurasov {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Research {\bf 7}, L022071 (2025)) is employed to construct families of isocattering, non-isospectral graphs that exhibit dissipation. More specifically, a new pair of isoscattering non-isospectral graphs is constructed by connecting the existing isoscattering non-isospectral graphs, so called attachments, to the different contact vertices of the germ graph. The existing isoscattering non-isospectral graphs contained a two-loop graph labelled $Γ_{A2}$ and a three-loop graph labelled $Γ_{A3}$. These graphs have an equal total metric length, but different topologies. The resulting graphs $Γ_3$ and $Γ_4$ are verified as non-isospectral using their Euler characteristics, while their isoscattering properties are investigated by calculating the one-port scattering matrices numerically.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Families of isospectral and isoscattering quantum graphs

A concept of germ graphs and the M-function formalism are employed to construct large families of isospectral and isoscattering graphs. This approach represents a complete departure from the original approach pioneered by Sunada, where isospectral graphs are obtained as quotients of a certain large symmetric graph. Using the M-function formalism and the symmetries of the graph itself we construct isospectral and isoscattering pairs. In our novel approach isospectral pairs do not need to be embedded into a larger symmetric graph as in Sunada's approach. We demonstrate that the introduced formalism can also be extended to graphs with dissipation. The theoretical predictions are validated experimentally using microwave networks emulating open quantum graphs with dissipation.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Coupled unidirectional chaotic microwave graphs

We investigate experimentally the undirected open microwave network $Γ$ with internal absorption composed of two coupled directed halves, unidirectional networks $Γ_{+} $ and $Γ_{-} $, corresponding to two possible directions of motion on their edges. The two-port scattering matrix of the network $Γ$ is measured and the spectral statistics and the elastic enhancement factor of the network are evaluated. The comparison of the number of experimental resonances with the theoretical one predicted by the Weyl's law shows that within the experimental resolution the resonances are doubly degenerate. This conclusion was also corroborated by the numerical calculations. Though the network is characterized by the time reversal symmetry the missing level spectral statistics and the elastic enhancement factor are rather close to the Gaussian unitary ensemble predictions in random matrix theory. We used numerical calculations for the open non-dissipative quantum graph possessing the same structure as the microwave network $Γ$ to investigate the doublet structures in the spectrum which otherwise would not be experimentally resolved. We show that the doublet size distribution is close to the Poisson distribution.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Application of topological resonances in experimental investigation of a Fermi golden rule in microwave networks

We investigate experimentally a Fermi golden rule in two-edge and five-edge microwave networks with preserved time reversal invariance. A Fermi golden rule gives rates of decay of states obtained by perturbing embedded eigenvalues of graphs and networks. We show that the embedded eigenvalues are connected with the topological resonances of the analyzed systems and we find the trajectories of the topological resonances in the complex plane.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

Hearing Euler characteristic of graphs

The Euler characteristic $χ=|V|-|E|$ and the total length $\mathcal{L}$ are the most important topological and geometrical characteristics of a metric graph. Here, $|V|$ and $|E|$ denote the number of vertices and edges of a graph. The Euler characteristic determines the number $β$ of independent cycles in a graph while the total length determines the asymptotic behavior of the energy eigenvalues via the Weyl's law. We show theoretically and confirm experimentally that the Euler characteristic can be determined (heard) from a finite sequence of the lowest eigenenergies $λ_1, \ldots, λ_N$ of a simple quantum graph, without any need to inspect the system visually. In the experiment quantum graphs are simulated by microwave networks. We demonstrate that the sequence of the lowest resonances of microwave networks with $β\leq 3$ can be directly used in determining whether a network is planar, i.e., can be embedded in the plane. Moreover, we show that the measured Euler characteristic $χ$ can be used as a sensitive revealer of the fully connected graphs.

math-ph↗

arXiv2020

Experimental investigation of distributions of the off-diagonal elements of the scattering and the Wigner's $\hat K$ matrices for networks with broken time reversal invariance

We present an extensive experimental study of the distributions of the real and imaginary parts of the off-diagonal elements of the scattering matrix $\hat S$ and the Wigner's reaction $\hat K$-matrix for open microwave networks with broken time ($T$) reversal invariance. Microwave Faraday circulators were applied in order to break $T$-invariance. The experimental distributions of the real and imaginary parts of the off-diagonal entries of the scattering matrix $\hat S$ are compared with the theoretical predictions from the supersymmetry random matrix theory [A. Nock, S. Kumar, H.-J. Sommers, and T. Guhr, Annals of Physics {\bf 342}, 103-132 (2014)]. Furthermore, we show that the experimental results are in very good agreement with the recent predictions for the distributions of the real and imaginary parts of the off-diagonal elements of the Wigner's reaction $\hat K$-matrix obtained within the framework of the Gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrix theory (RMT) [S. B. Fedeli and Y. V. Fyodorov, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. {\bf 53}, 165701 (2020)]. Both theories include losses as tunable parameters and are therefore well adapted to the experimental verification.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Non-Weyl Microwave Graphs

One of the most important characteristics of a quantum graph is the average density of resonances, $ρ= \frac{\mathcal{L}}π$, where $\mathcal{L}$ denotes the length of the graph. This is a very robust measure. It does not depend on the number of vertices in a graph and holds also for most of the boundary conditions at the vertices. Graphs obeying this characteristic are called Weyl graphs. Using microwave networks which simulate quantum graphs we show that there exist graphs which do not adhere to this characteristic. Such graphs will be called non-Weyl graphs. For standard coupling conditions we demonstrate that the transition from a Weyl graph to a non-Weyl graph occurs if we introduce a balanced vertex. A vertex of a graph is called balanced if the numbers of infinite leads and internal edges meeting at a vertex are the same. Our experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions of [E. B. Davies and A. Pushnitski, Analysis and PDE 4, 729 (2011)] and are in excellent agreement with the numerical calculations yielding the resonances of the networks.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Missing level statistics and the power spectrum of level fluctuations analysis of three-dimensional chaotic microwave cavities

We present an experimental study of missing level statistics of three-dimensional chaotic microwave cavities. The investigation is reinforced by the power spectrum of level fluctuations analysis which also takes into account the missing levels. On the basis of our data sets we demonstrate that the power spectrum of level fluctuations in combination with short- and long-range spectral fluctuations provides a powerful tool for the determination of the fraction of randomly missing levels in systems that display wave chaos such as the three-dimensional chaotic microwave cavities. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical expressions that explicitly take into account the fraction of observed levels. We also show that in the case of incomplete spectra with many unresolved states the above procedures may fail. In such a case the random matrix theory calculations can be useful for the determination of missing levels.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2018

Experimental and numerical study of spectral properties of three-dimensional chaotic microwave cavities: The case of missing levels

We present an experimental and numerical study of missing-level statistics of chaotic three-dimensional microwave cavities. The nearest-neighbor spacing distribution, the spectral rigidity, and the power spectrum of level fluctuations were investigated. We show that the theoretical approach to a problem of incomplete spectra does not work well when the incompleteness of the spectra is caused by unresolved resonances. In such a case the fraction of missing levels can be evaluated by calculations based on random matrix theory.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2015

Experimental investigation of the elastic enhancement factor in a transient region between regular and chaotic dynamics

We present the results of an experimental study of the elastic enhancement factor W for a microwave rectangular cavity simulating a two-dimensional quantum billiard in a transient region between regular and chaotic dynamics. The cavity was coupled to a vector network analyzer via two microwave antennas. The departure of the system from the integrable one due to presence of antennas acting as scatterers is characterised by the parameter of chaoticity k = 2.8. The experimental results for the rectangular cavity are compared with the ones obtained for a microwave rough cavity simulating a chaotic quantum billiard. The experimental results were obtained for the frequency range v = 16 - 18.5 GHz and moderate absorption strength y = 5.2 - 7.4. We show that the elastic enhancement factor for the rectangular cavity lies below the theoretical value W = 3 predicted for integrable systems and it is significantly higher than the one obtained for the rough cavity. The results obtained for the microwave rough cavity are smaller than the ones obtained within the framework of Random Matrix Theory and lie between them and the ones predicted within a recently introduced model of the two-channel coupling (V. Sokolov and O. Zhirov, arXiv:1411.6211v2[nucl-th], 12 Dec 2014).

nlin.CD↗

arXiv2012

Are Scattering Properties of Graphs Uniquely Connected to Their Shapes?

The famous question of Mark Kac "Can one hear the shape of a drum?" addressing the unique connection between the shape of a planar region and the spectrum of the corresponding Laplace operator can be legitimately extended to scattering systems. In the modified version one asks whether the geometry of a vibrating system can be determined by scattering experiments. We present the first experimental approach to this problem in the case of microwave graphs (networks) simulating quantum graphs. Our experimental results strongly indicate a negative answer. To demonstrate this we consider scattering from a pair of isospectral microwave networks consisting of vertices connected by microwave coaxial cables and extended to scattering systems by connecting leads to infinity to form isoscattering networks. We show that the amplitudes and phases of the determinants of the scattering matrices of such networks are the same within the experimental uncertainties. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the scattering matrices of the networks are conjugated by the, so called, transplantation relation.

quant-ph↗