arXiv subjects

Michał Pilipczuk

Publications and source records attributed to Michał Pilipczuk.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Minimum Bisection is fixed parameter tractable

In the classic Minimum Bisection problem we are given as input a graph $G$ and an integer $k$. The task is to determine whether there is a partition of $V(G)$ into two parts $A$ and $B$ such that $||A|-|B|| \leq 1$ and there are at most $k$ edges with one endpoint in $A$ and the other in $B$. In this paper we give an algorithm for Minimum Bisection with running time $O(2^{O(k^{3})}n^3 \log^3 n)$. This is the first fixed parameter tractable algorithm for Minimum Bisection. At the core of our algorithm lies a new decomposition theorem that states that every graph $G$ can be decomposed by small separators into parts where each part is "highly connected" in the following sense: any cut of bounded size can separate only a limited number of vertices from each part of the decomposition. Our techniques generalize to the weighted setting, where we seek for a bisection of minimum weight among solutions that contain at most $k$ edges.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2014

A subexponential parameterized algorithm for Proper Interval Completion

In the Proper Interval Completion problem we are given a graph G and an integer k, and the task is to turn G using at most k edge additions into a proper interval graph, i.e., a graph admitting an intersection model of equal-length intervals on a line. The study of Proper Interval Completion from the viewpoint of parameterized complexity has been initiated by Kaplan, Shamir and Tarjan [FOCS 1994; SIAM J. Comput. 1999], who showed an algorithm for the problem working in $O(16^k (n + m))$ time. In this paper we present an algorithm with running time $k^{O(k^{2/3})} + O(nm(kn + m))$, which is the first subexponential parameterized algorithm for Proper Interval Completion.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2013

Largest chordal and interval subgraphs faster than 2^n

We prove that in an n-vertex graph, induced chordal and interval subgraphs with the maximum number of vertices can be found in time $O(2^{λn})$ for some $λ<1$. These are the first algorithms breaking the trivial $2^n n^{O(1)}$ bound of the brute-force search for these problems.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2013

Minimizing Rosenthal Potential in Multicast Games

A multicast game is a network design game modelling how selfish non-cooperative agents build and maintain one-to-many network communication. There is a special source node and a collection of agents located at corresponding terminals. Each agent is interested in selecting a route from the special source to its terminal minimizing the cost. The mutual influence of the agents is determined by a cost sharing mechanism, which evenly splits the cost of an edge among all the agents using it for routing. In this paper we provide several algorithmic and complexity results on finding a Nash equilibrium minimizing the value of Rosenthal potential. Let n be the number of agents and G be the communication network. We show that - For a given strategy profile s and integer k>=1, there is a local search algorithm which in time n^{O(k)}|G|^{O(1)} finds a better strategy profile, if there is any, in a k-exchange neighbourhood of s. In other words, the algorithm decides if Rosenthal potential can be decreased by changing strategies of at most k agents; - The running time of our local search algorithm is essentially tight: unless FPT= W[1], for any function f(k), searching of the k-neighbourhood cannot be done in time f(k)|G|^{O(1)}. The key ingredient of our algorithmic result is a subroutine that finds an equilibrium with minimum potential in 3^n|G|^{O(1)} time. In other words, finding an equilibrium with minimum potential is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the number of agents.

cs.GT↗

arXiv2013

Everything you always wanted to know about the parameterized complexity of Subgraph Isomorphism (but were afraid to ask)

Given two graphs $H$ and $G$, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem asks if $H$ is isomorphic to a subgraph of $G$. While NP-hard in general, algorithms exist for various parameterized versions of the problem: for example, the problem can be solved (1) in time $2^{O(|V(H)|)}\cdot n^{O(\tw(H))}$ using the color-coding technique of Alon, Yuster, and Zwick; (2) in time $f(|V(H)|,\tw(G))\cdot n$ using Courcelle's Theorem; (3) in time $f(|V(H)|,\genus(G))\cdot n$ using a result on first-order model checking by Frick and Grohe; or (4) in time $f(\maxdeg(H))\cdot n^{O(\tw(G)})$ for connected $H$ using the algorithm of Matoušek and Thomas. Already this small sample of results shows that the way an algorithm can depend on the parameters is highly nontrivial and subtle. We develop a framework involving 10 relevant parameters for each of $H$ and $G$ (such as treewidth, pathwidth, genus, maximum degree, number of vertices, number of components, etc.), and ask if an algorithm with running time \[ f_1(p_1,p_2,..., p_\ell)\cdot n^{f_2(p_{\ell+1},..., p_k)} \] exist, where each of $p_1,..., p_k$ is one of the 10 parameters depending only on $H$ or $G$. We show that {\em all} the questions arising in this framework are answered by a set of 11 maximal positive results (algorithms) and a set of 17 maximal negative results (hardness proofs); some of these results already appear in the literature, while others are new in this paper. On the algorithmic side, our study reveals for example that an unexpected combination of bounded degree, genus, and feedback vertex set number of $G$ gives rise to a highly nontrivial algorithm for Subgraph Isomorphism. On the hardness side, we present W[1]-hardness proofs under extremely restricted conditions, such as when $H$ is a bounded-degree tree of constant pathwidth and $G$ is a planar graph of bounded pathwidth.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2013

Computing Tree-depth Faster Than $2^{n}$

A connected graph has tree-depth at most $k$ if it is a subgraph of the closure of a rooted tree whose height is at most $k$. We give an algorithm which for a given $n$-vertex graph $G$, in time $\mathcal{O}(1.9602^n)$ computes the tree-depth of $G$. Our algorithm is based on combinatorial results revealing the structure of minimal rooted trees whose closures contain $G$.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2013

A O(c^k n) 5-Approximation Algorithm for Treewidth

We give an algorithm that for an input n-vertex graph G and integer k>0, in time 2^[O(k)]n either outputs that the treewidth of G is larger than k, or gives a tree decomposition of G of width at most 5k+4. This is the first algorithm providing a constant factor approximation for treewidth which runs in time single-exponential in k and linear in n. Treewidth based computations are subroutines of numerous algorithms. Our algorithm can be used to speed up many such algorithms to work in time which is single-exponential in the treewidth and linear in the input size.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2013

The planar directed k-Vertex-Disjoint Paths problem is fixed-parameter tractable

Given a graph G and k pairs of vertices (s_1,t_1), ..., (s_k,t_k), the k-Vertex-Disjoint Paths problem asks for pairwise vertex-disjoint paths P_1, ..., P_k such that P_i goes from s_i to t_i. Schrijver [SICOMP'94] proved that the k-Vertex-Disjoint Paths problem on planar directed graphs can be solved in time n^{O(k)}. We give an algorithm with running time 2^{2^{O(k^2)}} n^{O(1)} for the problem, that is, we show the fixed-parameter tractability of the problem.

cs.DM↗

arXiv2013

Subexponential fixed-parameter tractability of cluster editing

In the Correlation Clustering, also known as Cluster Editing, we are given an undirected n-vertex graph G and a positive integer k. The task is to decide if G can be transformed into a cluster graph, i.e., a disjoint union of cliques, by changing at most k adjacencies, i.e. by adding/deleting at most k edges. We give a subexponential algorithm that, in time 2^O(sqrt(pk)) + n^O(1) decides whether G can be transformed into a cluster graph with p cliques by changing at most k adjacencies. We complement our algorithmic findings by the following tight lower bounds on the asymptotic behaviour of our algorithm. We show that, unless ETH fails, for any constant 0 < s <= 1, there is p = Theta(k^s) such that there is no algorithm deciding in time 2^o(sqrt(pk)) n^O(1) whether G can be transformed into a cluster graph with p cliques by changing at most k adjacencies.

cs.CC↗

arXiv2013

Subexponential parameterized algorithm for computing the cutwidth of a semi-complete digraph

Cutwidth of a digraph is a width measure introduced by Chudnovsky, Fradkin, and Seymour [4] in connection with development of a structural theory for tournaments, or more generally, for semi-complete digraphs. In this paper we provide an algorithm with running time 2^{O(\sqrt{k log k})} * n^{O(1)} that tests whether the cutwidth of a given n-vertex semi-complete digraph is at most k, improving upon the currently fastest algorithm of the second author [18] that works in 2^{O(k)} * n^2 time. As a byproduct, we obtain a new algorithm for Feedback Arc Set in tournaments (FAST) with running time 2^{c\sqrt{k}} * n^{O(1)}, where c = 2π/ \sqrt(3)*\ln(2) <= 5.24, that is simpler than the algorithms of Feige [9] and of Karpinski and Schudy[16], both also working in 2^{O(\sqrt{k})} * n^{O(1)} time. Our techniques can be applied also to other layout problems on semi-complete digraphs. We show that the Optimal Linear Arrangement problem, a close relative of Feedback Arc Set, can be solved in 2^{O(k^{1/3} \sqrt{\log k})} * n^{O(1)} time, where k is the target cost of the ordering.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Computing cutwidth and pathwidth of semi-complete digraphs via degree orderings

The notions of cutwidth and pathwidth of digraphs play a central role in the containment theory for tournaments, or more generally semi-complete digraphs, developed in a recent series of papers by Chudnovsky, Fradkin, Kim, Scott, and Seymour [2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11]. In this work we introduce a new approach to computing these width measures on semi-complete digraphs, via degree orderings. Using the new technique we are able to reprove the main results of [2, 9] in a unified and significantly simplified way, as well as obtain new results. First, we present polynomial-time approximation algorithms for both cutwidth and pathwidth, faster and simpler than the previously known ones; the most significant improvement is in case of pathwidth, where instead of previously known O(OPT)-approximation in fixed-parameter tractable time [6] we obtain a constant-factor approximation in polynomial time. Secondly, by exploiting the new set of obstacles for cutwidth and pathwidth, we show that topological containment and immersion in semi-complete digraphs can be tested in single-exponential fixed-parameter tractable time. Finally, we present how the new approach can be used to obtain exact fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for cutwidth and pathwidth, with single- exponential running time dependency on the optimal width.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Known algorithms for EDGE CLIQUE COVER are probably optimal

In the EDGE CLIQUE COVER (ECC) problem, given a graph G and an integer k, we ask whether the edges of G can be covered with k complete subgraphs of G or, equivalently, whether G admits an intersection model on k-element universe. Gramm et al. [JEA 2008] have shown a set of simple rules that reduce the number of vertices of G to 2^k, and no algorithm is known with significantly better running time bound than a brute-force search on this reduced instance. In this paper we show that the approach of Gramm et al. is essentially optimal: we present a polynomial time algorithm that reduces an arbitrary 3-CNF-SAT formula with n variables and m clauses to an equivalent ECC instance (G,k) with k = O(log n) and |V(G)| = O(n + m). Consequently, there is no 2^{2^{o(k)}}poly(n) time algorithm for the ECC problem, unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first results for a natural, fixed-parameter tractable problem, and proving that a doubly-exponential dependency on the parameter is essentially necessary.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Finding a maximum induced degenerate subgraph faster than 2^n

In this paper we study the problem of finding a maximum induced d-degenerate subgraph in a given n-vertex graph from the point of view of exact algorithms. We show that for any fixed d one can find a maximum induced d-degenerate subgraph in randomized (2-eps_d)^n n^O(1) time, for some constant eps_d>0 depending only on d. Moreover, our algorithm can be used to sample inclusion-wise maximal induced d-degenerate subgraphs in such a manner that every such subgraph is output with probability at least (2-eps_d)^-n; hence, we prove that their number is bounded by (2-eps_d)^n.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Jungles, bundles, and fixed parameter tractability

We give a fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) approximation algorithm computing the path-width of a tournament, and more generally, of a semi-complete digraph. Based on this result, we prove that topological containment and rooted immersion problems are FPT on semi-complete digraphs.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Scheduling partially ordered jobs faster than 2^n

In the SCHED problem we are given a set of n jobs, together with their processing times and precedence constraints. The task is to order the jobs so that their total completion time is minimized. SCHED is a special case of the Traveling Repairman Problem with precedences. A natural dynamic programming algorithm solves both these problems in 2^n n^O(1) time, and whether there exists an algorithms solving SCHED in O(c^n) time for some constant c < 2 was an open problem posted in 2004 by Woeginger. In this paper we answer this question positively.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Fixed-parameter tractability of multicut in directed acyclic graphs

The MULTICUT problem, given a graph G, a set of terminal pairs T={(s_i,t_i) | 1 <= i <= r} and an integer p, asks whether one can find a cutset consisting of at most p non-terminal vertices that separates all the terminal pairs, i.e., after removing the cutset, t_i is not reachable from s_i for each 1 <= i <= r. The fixed-parameter tractability of MULTICUT in undirected graphs, parameterized by the size of the cutset only, has been recently proven by Marx and Razgon (STOC'11) and, independently, by Bousquet et al. (STOC'11), after resisting attacks as a long-standing open problem. In this paper we prove that MULTICUT is fixed-parameter tractable on directed acyclic graphs, when parameterized both by the size of the cutset and the number of terminal pairs. We complement this result by showing that this is implausible for parameterization by the size of the cutset only, as this version of the problem remains W[1]-hard.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2012

Sitting closer to friends than enemies, revisited

Signed graphs, i.e., undirected graphs with edges labelled with a plus or minus sign, are commonly used to model relationships in social networks. Recently, Kermarrec and Thraves initiated the study of the problem of appropriately visualising the network: They asked whether any signed graph can be embedded into the metric space R^l in such a manner that every vertex is closer to all its friends (neighbours via positive edges) than to all its enemies (neighbours via negative edges). Interestingly, embeddability into R^1 can be expressed as a purely combinatorial problem. In this paper we pursue a deeper study of this particular case, answering several questions posed by Kermarrec and Thraves. First, we refine the approach of Kermarrec and Thraves for the case of complete signed graphs by showing that the problem is closely related to the recognition of proper interval graphs. Second, we prove that the general case, whose polynomial-time tractability remained open, is in fact NP-complete. Finally, we provide lower and upper bounds for the time complexity of the general case: we prove that the existence of a subexponential time (in the number of vertices and edges of the input signed graph) algorithm would violate the Exponential Time Hypothesis, whereas a simple dynamic programming approach gives a running time single-exponential in the number of vertices.

cs.DS↗

arXiv2011

On group feedback vertex set parameterized by the size of the cutset

We study the parameterized complexity of a robust generalization of the classical Feedback Vertex Set problem, namely the Group Feedback Vertex Set problem; we are given a graph G with edges labeled with group elements, and the goal is to compute the smallest set of vertices that hits all cycles of G that evaluate to a non-null element of the group. This problem generalizes not only Feedback Vertex Set, but also Subset Feedback Vertex Set, Multiway Cut and Odd Cycle Transversal. Completing the results of Guillemot [Discr. Opt. 2011], we provide a fixed-parameter algorithm for the parameterization by the size of the cutset only. Our algorithm works even if the group is given as a polynomial-time oracle.

cs.DS↗