arXiv subjects

Michael Aupetit

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Aupetit.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Sanity Check for External Clustering Validation Benchmarks using Internal Validation Measures

We address the lack of reliability in benchmarking clustering techniques based on labeled datasets. A standard scheme in external clustering validation is to use class labels as ground truth clusters, based on the assumption that each class forms a single, clearly separated cluster. However, as such cluster-label matching (CLM) assumption often breaks, the lack of conducting a sanity check for the CLM of benchmark datasets casts doubt on the validity of external validations. Still, evaluating the degree of CLM is challenging. For example, internal clustering validation measures can be used to quantify CLM within the same dataset to evaluate its different clusterings but are not designed to compare clusterings of different datasets. In this work, we propose a principled way to generate between-dataset internal measures that enable the comparison of CLM across datasets. We first determine four axioms for between-dataset internal measures, complementing Ackerman and Ben-David's within-dataset axioms. We then propose processes to generalize internal measures to fulfill these new axioms, and use them to extend the widely used Calinski-Harabasz index for between-dataset CLM evaluation. Through quantitative experiments, we (1) verify the validity and necessity of the generalization processes and (2) show that the proposed between-dataset Calinski-Harabasz index accurately evaluates CLM across datasets. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of evaluating CLM of benchmark datasets before conducting external validation.

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arXiv2022

ClassSPLOM -- A Scatterplot Matrix to Visualize Separation of Multiclass Multidimensional Data

In multiclass classification of multidimensional data, the user wants to build a model of the classes to predict the label of unseen data. The model is trained on the data and tested on unseen data with known labels to evaluate its quality. The results are visualized as a confusion matrix which shows how many data labels have been predicted correctly or confused with other classes. The multidimensional nature of the data prevents the direct visualization of the classes so we design ClassSPLOM to give more perceptual insights about the classification results. It uses the Scatterplot Matrix (SPLOM) metaphor to visualize a Linear Discriminant Analysis projection of the data for each pair of classes and a set of Receiving Operating Curves to evaluate their trustworthiness. We illustrate ClassSPLOM on a use case in Arabic dialects identification.

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arXiv2021

Aquanims: Area-Preserving Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics based on a Hydraulic Metaphor

We propose "aquanims" as new design metaphors for animated transitions that preserve displayed areas during the transformation. Animated transitions are used to facilitate understanding of graphical transformations between different visualizations. Area is key information to preserve during filtering or ordering transitions of area-based charts like bar charts, histograms, treemaps, or mosaic plots. As liquids are incompressible fluids, we use a hydraulic metaphor to convey the sense of area preservation during animated transitions: in aquanims, graphical objects can change shape, position, color, and even connectedness but not displayed area, as for a liquid contained in a transparent vessel or transferred between such vessels communicating through hidden pipes. We present various aquanims for product plots like bar charts and histograms to accommodate changes in data, in the ordering of bars or in a number of bins, and to provide animated tips. We also consider confusion matrices visualized as fluctuation diagrams and mosaic plots, and show how aquanims can be used to ease the understanding of different classification errors of real data.

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arXiv2020

An Enhanced MA Plot with R-Shiny to Ease Exploratory Analysis of Transcriptomic Data

MA plots are used to analyze the genome-wide differences in gene expression between two distinct biological conditions. An MA plot is usually rendered as a static scatter plot. Our interview with 3 experts in genomics showed that we could improve the usability of this plot by adding interactive analytic features. In this work we present the design study of the enhanced MA plot.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2020

Aquanims -- Area-Preserving Animated Transitions based on a Hydraulic Metaphor

We propose "Aquanims" as new design metaphors for animated transitions that preserve displayed areas during the transformation. As liquids are incompressible fluids, we use a hydraulic metaphor to convey the sense of area preservation during animated transitions. We study the design space of Aquanims for rectangle-based charts.

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arXiv2018

A Twitter Tale of Three Hurricanes: Harvey, Irma, and Maria

People increasingly use microblogging platforms such as Twitter during natural disasters and emergencies. Research studies have revealed the usefulness of the data available on Twitter for several disaster response tasks. However, making sense of social media data is a challenging task due to several reasons such as limitations of available tools to analyze high-volume and high-velocity data streams. This work presents an extensive multidimensional analysis of textual and multimedia content from millions of tweets shared on Twitter during the three disaster events. Specifically, we employ various Artificial Intelligence techniques from Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision fields, which exploit different machine learning algorithms to process the data generated during the disaster events. Our study reveals the distributions of various types of useful information that can inform crisis managers and responders as well as facilitate the development of future automated systems for disaster management.

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arXiv2017

Visualizing Dimensionality Reduction Artifacts: An Evaluation

Multidimensional scaling allows visualizing high-dimensional data as 2D maps with the premise that insights in 2D reveal valid information in high-dimensions. However, the resulting projections suffer from artifacts such as bad local neighborhood preservation and clusters tearing. Interactively coloring the projection according to the discrepancy between original proximities relative to a reference item reveals these artifacts, but it is not clear if conveying these proximities using color and displaying only local information really helps the visual analysis of projections. We conducted a controlled experiment to investigate the relevance of this interactive technique to help the visual analysis of any projection regardless its quality. We compared the bare projection to the interactive coloring of the original proximities on different visual analysis tasks involving outliers and clusters. Results indicate that the interactive coloring is worthwhile for local tasks as it is significantly robust to projection artifacts whereas the projection is not. However this interactive technique does not help significantly for visual clustering tasks for that projections already give a suitable overview.

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arXiv2017

Visualization of Wearable Data and Biometrics for Analysis and Recommendations in Childhood Obesity

Obesity is one of the major health risk factors be- hind the rise of non-communicable conditions. Understanding the factors influencing obesity is very complex since there are many variables that can affect the health behaviors leading to it. Nowadays, multiple data sources can be used to study health behaviors, such as wearable sensors for physical activity and sleep, social media, mobile and health data. In this paper we describe the design of a dashboard for the visualization of actigraphy and biometric data from a childhood obesity camp in Qatar. This dashboard allows quantitative discoveries that can be used to guide patient behavior and orient qualitative research.

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arXiv2012

A new supervised non-linear mapping

Supervised mapping methods project multi-dimensional labeled data onto a 2-dimensional space attempting to preserve both data similarities and topology of classes. Supervised mappings are expected to help the user to understand the underlying original class structure and to classify new data visually. Several methods have been designed to achieve supervised mapping, but many of them modify original distances prior to the mapping so that original data similarities are corrupted and even overlapping classes tend to be separated onto the map ignoring their original topology. We propose ClassiMap, an alternative method for supervised mapping. Mappings come with distortions which can be split between tears (close points mapped far apart) and false neighborhoods (points far apart mapped as neighbors). Some mapping methods favor the former while others favor the latter. ClassiMap switches between such mapping methods so that tears tend to appear between classes and false neighborhood within classes, better preserving classes' topology. We also propose two new objective criteria instead of the usual subjective visual inspection to perform fair comparisons of supervised mapping methods. ClassiMap appears to be the best supervised mapping method according to these criteria in our experiments on synthetic and real datasets.

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arXiv2006

Concerning the differentiability of the energy function in vector quantization algorithms

The adaptation rule for Vector Quantization algorithms, and consequently the convergence of the generated sequence, depends on the existence and properties of a function called the energy function, defined on a topological manifold. Our aim is to investigate the conditions of existence of such a function for a class of algorithms examplified by the initial ''K-means'' and Kohonen algorithms. The results presented here supplement previous studies and show that the energy function is not always a potential but at least the uniform limit of a series of potential functions which we call a pseudo-potential. Our work also shows that a large number of existing vector quantization algorithms developped by the Artificial Neural Networks community fall into this category. The framework we define opens the way to study the convergence of all the corresponding adaptation rules at once, and a theorem gives promising insights in that direction. We also demonstrate that the ''K-means'' energy function is a pseudo-potential but not a potential in general. Consequently, the energy function associated to the ''Neural-Gas'' is not a potential in general.

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