Commutants of Bol loops of Odd Order
In this note we show that the commutant of a Bol loop of odd order is a subloop.
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Publications and source records attributed to Michael K. Kinyon.
In this note we show that the commutant of a Bol loop of odd order is a subloop.
The purpose of this brief note is to sharpen a result of Kepka about the axiomization of the variety of trimedial quasigroups.
Let $\cF$ be a family of finite loops closed under subloops and factor loops. Then every loop in $\cF$ has the strong Lagrange property if and only if every simple loop in $\cF$ has the weak Lagrange property. We exhibit several such families, and indicate how the Lagrange property enters into the problem of existence of finite simple loops.
We study a variety of loops, RIF, which arise naturally from considering inner mapping groups, and a somewhat larger variety, ARIF. All Steiner and Moufang loops are RIF, and all flexible C-loops are ARIF. We show that all ARIF loops are diassociative, thus generalizing Moufang's Theorem.
Based on ideas of R.W. Cross, a simplified proof is presented of the density invariance of certain operational quantities associated with bounded linear operators in normed vector spaces.
An A-loop is a loop in which every inner mapping is an automorphism. We settle a problem which had been open since 1956 by showing that every diassociative A-loop is Moufang.
We show that the skew-symmetrized product on every Leibniz algebra E can be realized on a reductive complement to a subalgebra in a Lie algebra. As a consequence, we construct a nonassociative multiplication on E which, when E is a Lie algebra, is derived from the integrated adjoint representation. We apply this construction to realize the bracket operations on the sections of Courant algebroids and on the ``omni-Lie algebras'' recently introduced by the second author.
The panstochastic analogue of Birkhoff's Theorem on doubly-stochastic matrices is proved in the case $n=5$. It is shown that this analogue fails when $n>1$, $n \ne 5$.
A \emph{loop} $(B,\cdot)$ is a set $B$ together with a binary operation $\cdot$ such that (i) for each $a\in B$, the left and right translation mappings $L_{a}:B\to B: x \mapsto a\cdot x$ and $R_{a}:B\to B: x \mapsto x\cdot a$ are bijections, and (ii) there exists a two-sided identity element $1\in B$. Thus loops can be thought of as "nonassociative groups". In this paper we study standard, internal and external semidirect products of loops with groups. These are generalizations of the familiar semidirect product of groups.
On the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}$ in a real Hilbert space $\mathbf{H}$, we derive a binary operation $\odot$ such that $(\mathbb{S},\odot)$ is a power-associative Kikkawa left loop with two-sided identity $\mathbf{e}_0$, i.e., it has the left inverse, automorphic inverse, and $A_l$ properties. The operation $\odot$ is compatible with the symmetric space structure of $\mathbb{S}$. $(\mathbb{S},\odot)$ is not a loop, and the right translations which fail to be injective are easily characterized. $(\mathbb{S},\odot)$ satisfies the left power alternative and left Bol identities ``almost everywhere'' but not everywhere. Left translations are everywhere analytic; right translations are analytic except at $-\mathbf{e}_0$ where they have a nonremovable discontinuity. The orthogonal group $O(\mathbf{H})$ is a semidirect product of $(\mathbb{S},\odot)$ with its automorphism group (cf. http://www.arxiv.org/abs/math.GR/9907085). The left loop structure of $(\mathbb{S},\odot)$ gives some insight into spherical geometry.
Given a Lie algebra $\frak{g}$, the \emph{Nahm algebra} of $\frak{g}$ is the vector space $\frak{g}\times \frak{g}\times \frak{g}$ with the natural commutative, nonassociative algebra structure associated with the Nahm equations $\dot{x} = [y,z]$, $\dot{y} = [z,x]$, $\dot{z} = [x,y]$. Motivated by potential application to the study of these equations, we herein initiate the study of Nahm algebras.