The Case for Vibe Modeling: A Missing Step in AI-Based Trustworthy Software Development
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate software artifacts from natural language prompts. While this enables rapid prototyping and lowers the barrier to software creation, it also introduces challenges related to understanding, validation, traceability, and trust. In this paper, we argue that current AI-based development practices focus too heavily on the direct generation of code and insufficiently on intermediate representations that preserve human intent and support reasoning about system behavior. We argue for vibe modeling as a lightweight intermediate abstraction between natural language interaction and code generation. To explore its potential, we present a student survey study that examines perceptions of LLM output understanding, validation effort, trust and the perceived usefulness of vibe modeling across several AI-assisted development scenarios. Our results are intended to inform future studies for trustworthy and explainable AI-based software engineering via vibe modeling.