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Michael Ponds

Publications and source records attributed to Michael Ponds.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2024

Spin-$(s,j)$ projectors and gauge-invariant spin-$s$ actions in maximally symmetric backgrounds

Given a maximally symmetric $d$-dimensional background with isometry algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, a symmetric and traceless rank-$s$ field $\phi_{a(s)}$ satisfying the massive Klein-Gordon equation furnishes a collection of massive $\mathfrak{g}$-representations with spins $j\in \{0,1,\cdots,s\}$. In this paper we construct the spin-$(s,j)$ projectors, which are operators that isolate the part of $\phi_{a(s)}$ that furnishes the representation from this collection carrying spin $j$. In the case of an (anti-)de Sitter ((A)dS$_d$) background, we find that the poles of the projectors encode information about (partially-)massless representations, in agreement with observations made earlier in $d=3,4$. We then use these projectors to facilitate a systematic derivation of two-derivative actions with a propagating massless spin-$s$ mode. In addition to reproducing the massless spin-$s$ Fronsdal action, this analysis generates new actions possessing higher-depth gauge symmetry. In (A)dS$_d$ we also derive the action for a partially-massless spin-$s$ depth-$t$ field with $1\leq t \leq s$. The latter utilises the minimum number of auxiliary fields, and corresponds to the action originally proposed by Zinoviev after gauging away all St\"{u}ckelberg fields. Some higher-derivative actions are also presented, and in $d=3$ are used to construct (i) generalised higher-spin Cotton tensors in (A)dS$_3$; and (ii) topologically-massive actions with higher-depth gauge symmetry. Finally, in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ Minkowski superspace, we provide closed-form expressions for the analogous superprojectors.

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arXiv2022

Induced action for superconformal higher-spin multiplets using SCFT techniques

Recently, the interacting $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal higher-spin theory in four dimensions has been proposed within the induced action approach. In this paper we initiate a program of computing perturbative corrections to the corresponding action and explicitly evaluate all quadratic terms. This is achieved by employing standard techniques from superconformal field theory.

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arXiv2022

Conformal interactions between matter and higher-spin (super)fields

In even spacetime dimensions, the interacting bosonic conformal higher-spin (CHS) theory can be realised as an induced action. The main ingredient in this definition is the model $\mathcal{S}[\varphi,h]$ describing a complex scalar field $\varphi$ coupled to an infinite set of background CHS fields $h$, with $\mathcal{S}[\varphi,h]$ possessing a non-abelian gauge symmetry. Two characteristic features of the perturbative constructions of $\mathcal{S}[\varphi , h]$ given in the literature are: (i) the background spacetime is flat; and (ii) conformal invariance is not manifest. In the present paper we provide a new derivation of this action in four dimensions such that (i) $\mathcal{S}[\varphi , h]$ is defined on an arbitrary conformally-flat background; and (ii) the background conformal symmetry is manifestly realised. Next, our results are extended to the $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric case. Specifically, we construct, for the first time, a model $\mathcal{S}[\Phi, H]$ for a conformal scalar/chiral multiplet $\Phi$ coupled to an infinite set of background higher-spin superfields $H$. Our action possesses a non-abelian gauge symmetry which naturally generalises the linearised gauge transformations of conformal half-integer superspin multiplets. The other fundamental features of this model are: (i) $\mathcal{S}[\Phi, H]$ is defined on an arbitrary conformally-flat superspace background; and (ii) the background $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal symmetry is manifest. Making use of $\mathcal{S}[\Phi, H]$, an interacting superconformal higher-spin theory can be defined as an induced action.

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arXiv2022

Models for (super)conformal higher-spin fields on curved backgrounds

This thesis is devoted to the construction of theories describing the consistent propagation of (super)conformal higher-spin fields on curved three- and four-dimensional (super)spaces. In the first half of this thesis we systematically derive models for conformal fields of arbitrary rank on various types of curved spacetimes. On generic conformally-flat backgrounds in three $(3d)$ and four $(4d)$ dimensions, we obtain closed-form expressions for the actions which are manifestly gauge and Weyl invariant. Similar results are provided for generalised conformal fields, which have higher-depth gauge transformations. In three dimensions, conformally-flat spacetimes are the most general backgrounds allowing consistent propagation. In four dimensions, it is widely expected that gauge invariance can be extended to Bach-flat backgrounds, although no complete models for spin greater than two exist. We confirm these expectations for the first time by constructing a number of complete gauge-invariant models for conformal fields with higher spin. In the second half of this thesis we employ superspace techniques to extend the above results to conformal higher-spin theories possessing off-shell supersymmetry. Several novel applications of our results are also provided. In particular, transverse projection operators are constructed in $4d$ anti-de Sitter (AdS$_4$) space, and their poles are shown to be associated with partially-massless fields. This allows us to demonstrate that on such backgrounds, the (super)conformal higher-spin kinetic operator factorises into products of second order operators. Similar conclusions are drawn in AdS$_3$ (super)space. Finally, we make use of the (super)conformal higher-spin models in $3d$ Minkowski and AdS (super)space to build topologically massive gauge theories.

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arXiv2021

AdS (super)projectors in three dimensions and partial masslessness

We derive the transverse projection operators for fields with arbitrary integer and half-integer spin on three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, AdS$_3$. The projectors are constructed in terms of the quadratic Casimir operators of the isometry group $\mathsf{SO}(2,2)$ of AdS$_3$. Their poles are demonstrated to correspond to (partially) massless fields. As an application, we make use of the projectors to recast the conformal and topologically massive higher-spin actions in AdS$_3$ into a manifestly gauge-invariant and factorised form. We also propose operators which isolate the component of a field that is transverse and carries a definite helicity. Such fields correspond to an irreducible representation of $\mathsf{SO}(2,2)$. Our results are then extended to the case of $\mathcal{N}=1$ AdS$_3$ supersymmetry.

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arXiv2021

Higher-spin Cotton tensors and massive gauge-invariant actions in AdS$_3$

In a conformally flat three-dimensional spacetime, the linearised higher-spin Cotton tensor $\mathfrak{C}_{\alpha(n)}(h)$ is the unique conserved conformal current which is a gauge-invariant descendant of the conformal gauge prepotential $h_{\alpha(n)}$. The explicit form of $\mathfrak{C}_{\alpha(n)}(h)$ is well known in Minkowski space. Here we solve the problem of extending the Minkowskian result to the case of anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and derive a closed-form expression for $\mathfrak{C}_{\alpha(n)}(h)$ in terms of the AdS Lorentz covariant derivatives. It is shown that every conformal higher-spin action $S_{\text{CS}}^{(n)}[h]\propto \int\text{d}^3x\, e \, h^{\alpha(n)}\mathfrak{C}_{\alpha(n)}(h) $ factorises into a product of $(n-1)$ first-order operators that are associated with the spin-$n/2$ partially massless AdS values. Our findings greatly facilitate the on-shell analysis of massive higher-spin gauge-invariant actions in AdS$_3$. The main results are extended to the case of $\mathcal{N}=1$ AdS supersymmetry. In particular, we derive simple expressions for the higher-spin super-Cotton tensors in AdS$_3$.

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arXiv2020

Generalised superconformal higher-spin multiplets

We propose generalised $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal higher-spin (SCHS) gauge multiplets of depth $t$, $\Upsilon_{\alpha(n)\dot{\alpha}(m)}^{(t)}$, with $n\geq m \geq 1$. At the component level, for $t>2$ they contain generalised conformal higher-spin (CHS) gauge fields with depths $t-1$, $t$ and $t+1$. The supermultiplets with $t=1$ and $t=2$ include both ordinary and generalised CHS gauge fields. Super-Weyl and gauge invariant actions describing the dynamics of $\Upsilon_{\alpha(n)\dot{\alpha}(m)}^{(t)}$ on conformally-flat superspace backgrounds are then derived. For the case $n=m=t=1$, corresponding to the maximal-depth conformal graviton supermultiplet, we extend this action to Bach-flat backgrounds. Models for superconformal non-gauge multiplets, which are expected to play an important role in the Bach-flat completions of the models for $\Upsilon^{(t)}_{\alpha(n)\dot{\alpha}(m)}$, are also provided. Finally we show that, on Bach-flat backgrounds, requiring gauge and Weyl invariance does not always determine a model for a CHS field uniquely.

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arXiv2020

New locally (super)conformal gauge models in Bach-flat backgrounds

For every conformal gauge field $h_{\alpha (n)\dot \alpha (m)}$ in four dimensions, with $n\geq m >0$, a gauge-invariant action is known to exist in arbitrary conformally flat backgrounds. If the Weyl tensor is non-vanishing, however, gauge invariance holds for a pure conformal field in the following cases: (i) $n=m=1$ (Maxwell's field) on arbitrary gravitational backgrounds; and (ii) $n=m+1 =2 $ (conformal gravitino) and $n=m=2$ (conformal graviton) on Bach-flat backgrounds. It is believed that in other cases certain lower-spin fields must be introduced to ensure gauge invariance in Bach-flat backgrounds, although no closed-form model has yet been constructed (except for conformal maximal depth fields with spin $s=5/2$ and $s=3$). In this paper we derive such a gauge-invariant model describing the dynamics of a conformal gauge field $h_{\alpha (3)\dot\alpha}$ coupled to a self-dual two-form. Similar to other conformal higher-spin theories, it can be embedded in an off-shell superconformal gauge-invariant action. To this end, we introduce a new family of $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal gauge multiplets described by unconstrained prepotentials $\Upsilon_{\alpha(n)}$, with $n>0$, and propose the corresponding gauge-invariant actions on conformally-flat backgrounds. We demonstrate that the $n=2$ model, which contains $h_{\alpha(3)\dot{\alpha}}$ at the component level, can be lifted to a Bach-flat background provided $\Upsilon_{\alpha(2)}$ is coupled to a chiral spinor $\Omega_{\alpha}$. We also propose families of (super)conformal higher-derivative non-gauge actions and new superconformal operators in any curved space. Finally, through considerations based on supersymmetry, we argue that the conformal spin-3 field should always be accompanied by a conformal spin-2 field in order to ensure gauge invariance in a Bach-flat background.

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arXiv2019

Generalised conformal higher-spin fields in curved backgrounds

The problem of constructing gauge-invariant actions for conformal higher-spin fields in curved backgrounds is known to be notoriously difficult. In this paper we present gauge-invariant models for conformal maximal depth fields with spin $s=5/2$ and $s=3$ in four-dimensional Bach-flat backgrounds. We find that certain lower-spin fields must be introduced to ensure gauge invariance when $s>2$, which is analogous to a conjecture made earlier in the literature for conformal higher-spin fields of minimal depth.

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arXiv2019

Spin projection operators in (A)dS and partial masslessness

We elaborate on the traceless and transverse spin projectors in four-dimensional de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces. The poles of these projectors are shown to correspond to partially massless fields. We also obtain a factorisation of the conformal operators associated with gauge fields of arbitrary Lorentz type $(m/2,n/2 )$, with $m$ and $n$ positive integers.

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arXiv2019

Conformal geometry and (super)conformal higher-spin gauge theories

We develop a manifestly conformal approach to describe linearised (super)conformal higher-spin gauge theories in arbitrary conformally flat backgrounds in three and four spacetime dimensions. Closed-form expressions in terms of gauge prepotentials are given for gauge-invariant higher-spin (super) Cotton and (super) Weyl tensors in three and four dimensions, respectively. The higher-spin (super) Weyl tensors are shown to be conformal primary (super)fields in arbitrary conformal (super)gravity backgrounds, however they are gauge invariant only if the background (super) Weyl tensor vanishes. The proposed higher-spin actions are (super) Weyl-invariant on arbitrary curved backgrounds, however the appropriate higher-spin gauge invariance holds only in the conformally flat case. We also describe conformal models for generalised gauge fields that are used to describe partially massless dynamics in three and four dimensions. In particular, generalised higher-spin Cotton and Weyl tensors are introduced.

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arXiv2018

Topologically massive higher spin gauge theories

We elaborate on conformal higher-spin gauge theory in three-dimensional (3D) curved space. For any integer $n>2$ we introduce a conformal spin-$\frac{n}{2}$ gauge field $h_{(n)} =h_{\alpha_1\dots \alpha_n}$ (with $n$ spinor indices) of dimension $(2-n/2)$ and argue that it possesses a Weyl primary descendant $C_{(n)}$ of dimension $(1+n/2)$. The latter proves to be divergenceless and gauge invariant in any conformally flat space. Primary fields $C_{(3)}$ and $C_{(4)}$ coincide with the linearised Cottino and Cotton tensors, respectively. Associated with $C_{(n)}$ is a Chern-Simons-type action that is both Weyl and gauge invariant in any conformally flat space. These actions, which for $n=3$ and $n=4$ coincide with the linearised actions for conformal gravitino and conformal gravity, respectively, are used to construct gauge-invariant models for massive higher-spin fields in Minkowski and anti-de Sitter space. In the former case, the higher-derivative equations of motion are shown to be equivalent to those first-order equations which describe the irreducible unitary massive spin-$\frac{n}{2}$ representations of the 3D Poincar\'e group. Finally, we develop ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric extensions of the above results.

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