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Michela Procesi

Publications and source records attributed to Michela Procesi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

On the integrability of the Kirchhoff-Pohozaev equation on tori

In this paper we study the Kirchhoff-Pohozaev equation introduced in \cite{P2} and its constants of motion (see \cite{BoitiManfrin2025}, \cite{BoitiManfrin2026}) on $n$ dimensional tori. We show that these Hamiltonians are all in involution and we prove that they are generated by an infinite list of constants of motion which are all defined and in involution on a fixed phase space. Then we study the Kirchhoff-Pohozaev equation restricted to a finite Fourier support. In dimension $n=1$ we show that such finite dimensional reduction is always completely integrable and provide an analytic Brikhoff normal form in a neighborhood of the origin. We also give sufficient conditions for integrability for $n>1$. We finally show that the formal Birkhoff Normal form of the Kirchhoff-Pohozaev equation is integrable for $n=1$.

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arXiv2024

Asymptotically full measure sets of almost-periodic solutions for the NLS equation

We study the dynamics of solutions for a family of nonlinear Schroedinger equations on the circle, with a smooth convolution potential and Gevrey regular initial data. Our main result is the construction of an asymptotically full measure set of small-amplitude time almost-periodic solutions, which are dense on invariant tori. In regions corresponding to positive actions, we prove that such maximal invariant tori are Banach manifolds, which provide a Cantor foliation of the phase space. As a consequence, we establish that, for many small initial data, the Gevrey norm of the solution remains approximately constant for all time and hence the elliptic fixed point at the origin is Lyapunov statistically stable. This is first result in KAM Theory for PDEs that regards the persistence of a large measure set of invariant tori and hence may be viewed as a strict extension to the infinite dimensional setting of the classical KAM theorem.

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arXiv2024

Maximal tori in infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems: a Renormalization Group approach

We study the existence of infinite-dimensional invariant tori in a mechanical system of infinitely many rotators weakly interacting with each other. We consider explicitly interactions depending only on the angles, with the aim of discussing in a simple case the analyticity properties to be required on the perturbation of the integrable system in order to ensure the persistence of a large measure set of invariant tori with finite energy. The proof we provide of the persistence of the invariant tori implements the Renormalization Group scheme based on the tree formalism -- i.e. the graphical representation of the solutions of the equations of motion in terms of trees -- which has been widely used in finite-dimensional problems. The method is very effectual and flexible: it naturally extends, once the functional setting has been fixed, to the infinite-dimensional case with only minor technical-natured adaptations.

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arXiv2024

Reducibility of Klein-Gordon equations with maximal order perturbations

We prove that all the solutions of a quasi-periodically forced linear Klein-Gordon equation $\psi_{tt}-\psi_{xx}+\mathtt{m}\psi+Q(\omega t)\psi=0 $ where $ Q(\omega t) := a^{(2)}(\omega t, x) \partial_{xx} + a^{(1)}(\omega t, x)\partial_x + a^{(0)}(\omega t, x) $ is a differential operator of order $ 2 $, parity preserving and reversible, are almost periodic in time and uniformly bounded for all times, provided that the coefficients $ a^{(2) }, a^{(1) }, a^{(0) } $ are small enough and the forcing frequency $\omega\in {\mathbb R}^{\nu}$ belongs to a Borel set of asymptotically full measure. This result is obtained by reducing the Klein-Gordon equation to a diagonal constant coefficient system with purely imaginary eigenvalues. The main difficulty is the presence in the perturbation $ Q (\omega t) $ of the second order differential operator $ a^{(2)}(\omega t, x)\partial_{xx} $. In suitable coordinates the Klein-Gordon equation is the composition of two backward/forward quasi-periodic in time perturbed transport equations with non-constant coefficients, up to lower order pseudo-differential remainders. A key idea is to straighten this first order pseudo-differential operator with bi-characteristics through a novel quantitative Egorov analysis.

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arXiv2023

Almost-periodic solutions to the NLS equation with smooth convolution potentials

We consider the one-dimensional NLS equation with a convolution potential and a quintic nonlinearity. We prove that, for most choices of potentials with polynomially decreasing Fourier coefficients, there exist almost-periodic solutions in the Gevrey class with frequency satisfying a Bryuno non-resonance condition. This allows convolution potentials of class $C^p$, for any integer $p$: as far as we know this is the first result where the regularity of the potential is arbitrarily large and not compensated by a corresponding smoothing of the nonlinearity.

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arXiv2022

Reducibility and nonlinear stability for a quasi-periodically forced NLS

Motivated by the problem of long time stability vs. instability of KAM tori of the Nonlinear cubic Schrödinger equation (NLS) on the two dimensional torus $\mathbb T^2:= (\mathbb R/2π\mathbb Z)^2$, we consider a quasi-periodically forced NLS equation on $\mathbb T^2$ arising from the linearization of the NLS at a KAM torus. We prove a reducibility result as well as long time stability of the origin. The main novelty is to obtain the precise asymptotic expansion of the frequencies which allows us to impose Melnikov conditions at arbitrary order.

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arXiv2021

About linearization of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems

This article is concerned with analytic Hamiltonian dynamical systems in infinite dimension in a neighborhood of an elliptic fixed point. Given a quadratic Hamiltonian, we consider the set of its analytic higher order perturbations. We first define the subset of elements which are formally symplectically conjugacted to a (formal) Birkhoff normal form. We prove that if the quadratic Hamiltonian satisfies a Diophantine-like condition and if such a perturbation is formally symplectically conjugated to the quadratic Hamiltonian, then it is also analytically symplectically conjugated to it. Of course what is an analytic symplectic change of variables depends strongly on the choice of the phase space. Here we work on periodic functions with Gevrey regularity.

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arXiv2021

Small amplitude weak Sobolev almost periodic solutions for the 1d NLS

All the almost periodic solutions for non integrable PDEs found in the literature are very regular (at least $C^\infty$) and, hence, very close to quasi periodic ones. This fact is deeply exploited in the existing proofs. Proving the existence of almost periodic solutions with finite regularity is a main open problem in KAM theory for PDEs. Here we consider the one dimensional NLS with external parameters and construct almost periodic solutions which have only Sobolev regularity both in time and space. Moreover many of our solutions are so only in a weak sense. This is the first result on existence of weak, i.e. non classical, solutions for non integrable PDEs in KAM theory.

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arXiv2020

Almost-periodic Response Solutions for a forced quasi-linear Airy equation

We prove the existence of almost-periodic solutions for quasi-linear perturbations of the Airy equation. This is the first result about the existence of this type of solutions for a quasi-linear PDE. The solutions turn out to be analytic in time and space. To prove our result we use a Craig-Wayne approach combined with a KAM reducibility scheme and pseudo-differential calculus on ${\mathbb T}^\infty$.

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arXiv2020

Almost periodic invariant tori for the NLS on the circle

In this paper we study the existence and linear stability of almost periodic solutions for a NLS equation on the circle with external parameters. Starting from the seminal result of Bourgain (2005) on the quintic NLS, we propose a novel approach allowing to prove in a unified framework the persistence of finite and infinite dimensional invariant tori, which are the support of the desired solutions. The persistence result is given through a rather abstract "counter-term theorem" `a la Herman, directly in the original elliptic variables without passing to action-angle ones. Our framework allows us to find "many more" almost periodic solutions with respect to the existing literature and consider also non-translation invariant PDEs.

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arXiv2019

Linear Schrödinger equation with an almost periodic potential

We study the reducibility of a Linear Schrödinger equation subject to a small unbounded almost-periodic perturbation which is analytic in time and space. Under appropriate assumptions on the smallness, analiticity and on the frequency of the almost-periodic perturbation, we prove that such an equation is reducible to constant coefficients via an analytic almost-periodic change of variables. This implies control of both Sobolev and Analytic norms for the solution of the corresponding Schrödinger equation for all times.

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arXiv2018

Reducible KAM tori for Degasperis-Procesi equation

We develop KAM theory close to an elliptic fixed point for quasi-linear Hamiltonian perturbations of the dispersive Degasperis-Procesi equation on the circle. The overall strategy in KAM theory for quasi-linear PDEs is based on Nash-Moser nonlinear iteration, pseudo differential calculus and normal form techniques. In the present case the complicated symplectic structure, the weak dispersive effects of the linear flow and the presence of strong resonant interactions require a novel set of ideas. The main points are to exploit the integrability of the unperturbed equation, to look for special wave packet solutions and to perform a very careful algebraic analysis of the resonances. Our approach is quite general and can be applied also to other 1d integrable PDEs. We are confident for instance that the same strategy should work for the Camassa-Holm equation.

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arXiv2018

Exponential Stability Estimates for the 1D NLS

We study stability times for a family of parameter dependent nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the circle, close to the origin. Imposing a suitable Diophantine condition (first introduced by Bourgain), we prove a rather flexible Birkhoff Normal Form theorem, which implies, e.g., exponential and sub-exponential time estimates in the Sobolev and Gevrey class respectively.

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arXiv2018

Strong nonlinear instability and growth of Sobolev norms near quasiperiodic finite-gap tori for the 2D cubic NLS equation

We consider the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) on the two-dimensional torus. The equation admits a special family of elliptic invariant quasiperiodic tori called finite-gap solutions. These are inherited from the integrable 1D model (cubic NLS on the circle) by considering solutions that depend only on one variable. We study the long-time stability of such invariant tori for the 2D NLS model and show that, under certain assumptions and over sufficiently long timescales, they exhibit a strong form of transverse instability in Sobolev spaces $H^s(\mathbb{T}^2)$ ($0<s<1$). More precisely, we construct solutions of the 2D cubic NLS that start arbitrarily close to such invariant tori in the $H^s$ topology and whose $H^s$ norm can grow by any given factor. This work is partly motivated by the problem of infinite energy cascade for 2D NLS, and seems to be the first instance where (unstable) long-time nonlinear dynamics near (linearly stable) quasiperiodic tori is studied and constructed.

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arXiv2018

Reducibility for a class of weakly dispersive linear operators arising from the Degasperis Procesi equation

We prove reducibility of a class of quasi-periodically forced linear equations of the form \[ \partial_tu-\partial_x\circ (1+a(ωt, x))u+\mathcal{Q}(ωt)u=0,\quad x\in\mathbb{T}:=\mathbb{R}/2π\mathbb{Z}, \] where $u=u(t,x)$, $a$ is a small, $C^{\infty}$ function, $\mathcal{Q}$ is a pseudo differential operator of order $-1$, provided that $ω\in\mathbb{R}^ν$ satisfies appropriate non-resonance conditions. Such PDEs arise by linearizing the Degasperis-Procesi (DP) equation at a small amplitude quasi-periodic function. Our work provides a first fundamental step in developing a KAM theory for perturbations of the DP equation on the circle. Following \cite{Airy}, our approach is based on two main points: first a reduction in orders based on an Egorov type theorem then a KAM diagonalization scheme. In both steps the key difficulites arise from the asymptotically linear dispersion law. In view of the application to the nonlinear context we prove sharp \emph{tame} bounds on the diagonalizing change of variables. We remark that the strategy and the techniques proposed are applicable for proving reducibility of more general classes of linear pseudo differential first order operators.

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