arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Michiel Hazewinkel.
This preprint deals with the symmetry of parametrized families of systems and the changes therein as the parameter changes. There are (at least ?) two kinds of symmetry: generic and specific which behave in almost totally opposite ways as the parameter changes: generic symmetry has links with entropy while specific symmetry has to do with symmetry breaking as it is usually understood in physics.
There is a relatively well-known description of the algebra of (higher order) left differential operators on commutative algebras. This note gives a construction of similar flavor for algebras of differential operators on not necessarily commutative algebras.
Let A be an associative algebra (or any other kind of algebra for that matter). A derivation on A is an endomorphism \del of the underlying Abelian group of A such that \del(ab)=a(\del b)+(\del a)b for all a,b\in A (1.1) A Hasse-Schmidt derivation is a sequence (d_0=id,d_1,d_2,...,d_n,...) of endomorphisms of the underlying Abelian group such that for all n \ge 1 d_n(ab)= \sum_{i=0}^n (d_ia)(d_{n-i}b) (1.2) Note that d_1 is a derivation as defined by (1.1). The individual d_n that occur in a Hasse-Schmidt derivation are also sometimes called higher derivations. A question of some importance is whether Hasse-Schmidt derivations can be written down in terms of polynomials in ordinary derivations. For instance in connection with automatic continuity for Hasse-Schmidt derivations on Banach algebras. Such formulas have been written down by, for instance, Heerema and Mirzavaziri in [5] and [6]. They also will be explicitly given below. It is the purpose of this short note to show that such formulas follow directly from some easy results about the Hopf algebra NSymm of non-commutative symmetric functions. In fact this Hopf algebra constitutes a universal example concerning the matter.
Many things in mathematics seem lamost unreasonably nice. This includes objects, counterexamples, proofs. In this preprint I discuss many examples of this phenomenon with emphasis on the ring of polynomials in a countably infinite number of variables in its many incarnations such as the representing object of the Witt vectors, the direct sum of the rings of representations of the symmetric groups, the free lambda ring on one generator, the homology and cohomology of the classifying space BU, ... . In addition attention is paid to the phenomenon that solutions to universal problems (adjoint functors) tend to pick up extra structure.
This is the first part of a 2 part survey on the functor of the big and p-adic Witt vectors.
In late October 2004 I did a search on Hopf algebras in the database ZMATH to find out where they occur and what use is made of them (I.e. what applications there are). The result is a little astonishing, as can be seen from what follows.
In this lecture I discuss some aspects of MKM, Mathematical Knowledge Management, with particuar emphasis on information storage and information retrieval.
Let S be the set of scalings 1, 2,3,4, ... and consider the corresponding set of scaled lattices in the plane. In this paper averaging operators are defined for plaquette functions on a lattice to plaquette functions on a coarser lattice for all scale factors and their coherence is proved. This generalizes the averaging operators introduced by Balaban and Federbush. There are such coherent families of averaging operators for any dimension D and not only for D=2. Finally there are uniqueness theorems saying that in a sense, besides a form of straightforward averaging, the weights used are the only ones that give coherent families of averaging operators.
This paper is concerned with two generalizations of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions that have more or less recently appeared. The Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions and its dual, the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions. The focus is on the incredibly rich structure of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions and the question of which structures and properties have good analogues for the noncommutative symmetric functions and/or the quasisymmetric functions. This paper attempt to survey the ongoing investigations in this topic as dictated by the knowledge and interests of its author. There are many open questions that are discussed.
Like its precursor this paper is concerned with the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions and its graded dual, the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions. It complements and extends the previous paper but is also selfcontained. Here we concentrate on explicit descriptions (constructions) of a basis of the Lie algebra of primitives of NSymm and an explicit free polynomial basis of QSymm. As before everything is done over the integers. As applications the matter of the existence of suitable analogues of Frobenius and Verschiebung morphisms is discussed.
Two important generalizations of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions are the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions and its graded dual the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions. A common generalization of the latter is the selfdual Hopf algebra of permutations (MPR Hopf algebra). This latter Hopf algebra can be seen as a Hopf algebra of endomorphisms of a Hopf algebra. That turns out to be a fruitful way of looking at things and gives rise to wide ranging further generalizations such as the word Hopf algebra and the double word Hopf algebra (and many more).
In the last decennia two generalizations of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions have appeared and shown themselves important, the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions NSymm and the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions QSymm. It has also become clear that it is important to understand the noncommutative versions of such important structures as Symm the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions. Not least because the right noncommmutative versions are often more beautiful than the commutaive ones (not all cluttered up with counting coefficients). NSymm and QSymm are not truly the full noncommutative generalizations. One is maximally noncommutative but cocommutative, the other is maximally non cocommutative but commutative. There is a common, selfdual generalization, the Hopf algebra of permutations of Malvenuto, Poirier, and Reutenauer (MPR). This one is, I feel, best understood as a Hopf algebra of endomorphisms. In any case, this point of view suggests vast generalizations leading to the Hopf algebras of endomorphisms and word Hopf algebras with which this paper is concerned. This point of view also sheds light on the somewhat mysterious formulas of MPR and on the question where all the extra structure (such as autoduality) comes from. The paper concludes with a few sections on the structure of MPR and the question of algebra retractions of the natural inclusion of Hopf algebras of NSymm into MPR and section of the naural projection of MPR onto QSymm.
Let NSymm be the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions over the integers. In this paper a description is given of its Lie algebra of primitives over the integers, Prim(NSymm), in terms of recursion formulas. For each of the primitives of a basis of Prim(NSymm), indexed by Lyndon words, there is a recursively given divided power series over it. This gives another proof of the theorem that the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions is free over the integers.
In [5, 6] it has been proved that the ring of quasisymmetric functions over the integers is free polynomial, see also [4]. This is a matter that has been of great interest since 1972; for instance because of the role this statement plays in a classification theory for noncommutative formal groups that has been in development since then, see [2] and [9] and the references in the latter. Meanwhile quasisymmetric functions have found many more aplications, [3]. However, the proofs in [5, 6] do not give explicit polynomial generators for QSymm over the integers. In this note I give a (really quite simple) set of polynomial generators for QSymm over the integers.