arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Mieczyslaw K. Dabkowski.
J. Hoste and J. H. Przytycki computed the Kauffman bracket skein module (KBSM) of lens spaces in their papers published in 1993 and 1995. Using a basis for the KBSM of a fibered torus, we construct new bases for the KBSMs of two families of lens spaces: $L(p,2)$ and $L(4k,2k+1)$ with $k\neq 0$. For KBSM of $L(0,1) = {\bf S}^{2}\times S^{1}$, we find a new generating set that yields its decomposition into a direct sum of cyclic modules.
We construct a family of bases for the Kauffman bracket skein module (KBSM) of the product of an annulus and a circle. Using these bases, we find a new basis for the KBSM of $(β,2)$-fibered torus as a first step toward developing techniques for computing KBSM of a family of small Seifert fibered $3$-manifolds.
Plucking polynomial of a plane rooted tree with a delay function $α$ was introduced in 2014 by J.H.~Przytycki. As shown in this paper, plucking polynomial factors when $α$ satisfies additional conditions. We use this result and $Θ_{A}$-state expansion introduced in our previous work to derive new properties of coefficients $C(A)$ of Catalan states $C$ resulting from an $m \times n$-lattice crossing $L(m,n)$. In particular, we show that $C(A)$ factors when $C$ has arcs with some special properties. In many instances, this yields a more efficient way for computing $C(A)$. As an application, we give closed-form formulas for coefficients of Catalan states of $L(m,3)$.
Plucking polynomial for plane rooted trees was introduced by J.H. Przytycki in 2014. As it was shown later, this polynomial can be used to find coefficients $C(A)$ of Catalan states $C$ of $m \times n$-lattice crossing $L(m,n)$ without returns on one side. In this paper, we show that $C(A)$ for any $C$ can be found by using $Θ_{A}$-state expansion which represents $C(A)$ as a linear combination of coefficients of Catalan states with no top returns over $\mathbb{Q}(A)$. We also provide an algorithm for finding $Θ_{A}$-state expansions and examples of its applications. Finally, an example of a Catalan state with non-unimodal coefficient is given.
For a Catalan state $C$ of a lattice crossing $L\left( m,n\right) $ with no returns on one side, we find its coefficient $C\left( A\right) $ in the Relative Kauffman Bracket Skein Module expansion of $L\left( m,n\right) $. We show, in particular, that $C\left( A\right) $ can be found using the plucking polynomial of a rooted tree with a delay function associated to $C$. Furthermore, for $C$ with returns on one side only, we prove that $C\left( A\right) $ is a product of Gaussian polynomials, and its coefficients form a unimodal sequence.
For a Lattice crossing $L\left( m,n\right) $ we show which Catalan connection between $2\left( m+n\right) $ points on boundary of $m\times n$ rectangle $P$ can be realized as a Kauffman state and we give an explicit formula for the number of such Catalan connections. For the case of a Catalan connection with no arc starting and ending on the same side of the tangle, we find a closed formula for its coefficient in the Relative Kauffman Bracket Skein Module of $P\times I$
We introduce diagrams and Reidemeister moves for links in FxS^{1}, where F is an orientable surface. Using these diagrams we compute (in a new way) the Kauffman Bracket Skein Modules (KBSM) for D^{2}xS^{1} and AxS^{1}, where D^{2} is a disk and A is an annulus. Moreover, we also find the KBSM for the F_{0,3}xS^{1}, where F_{0,3} denotes a disk with two holes, and thus show that the module is free.
We start a systematic analysis of links up to 5-move equivalence. Our motivation is to develop tools which later can be used to study skein modules based on the skein relation being deformation of a 5-move (in an analogous way as the Kauffman skein module is a deformation of a 2-move, i.e. a crossing change). Our main tools are Jones and Kauffman polynomials and the fundamental group of the 2-fold branch cover of S^3 along a link. We use also the fact that a 5-move is a composition of two rational \pm (2,2)-moves (i.e. \pm 5/2-moves) and rational moves can be analyzed using the group of Fox colorings and its non-abelian version, the Burnside group of a link. One curious observation is that links related by one (2,2)-move are not 5-move equivalent. In particular, we partially classify (up to 5-moves) 3-braids, pretzel and Montesinos links, and links up to 9 crossings.
A left order on a magma (e.g., semigroup) is a total order of its elements that is left invariant under the magma operation. A natural topology can be introduced on the set of all left orders of an arbitrary magma. We prove that this topological space is compact. Interesting examples of nonassociative magmas, whose spaces of right orders we analyze, come from knot theory and are called quandles. Our main result establishes an interesting connection between topological properties of the space of left orders on a group, and the classical algebraic result by Conrad and Los concerning the existence of left orders.
We classify 3-braids up to (2,2)-move equivalence and in particular we show how to adjust the Harikae-Nakanishi-Uchida conjecture so it holds for closed 3-braids. As important steps to classify 3-braids up to (2,2)-move equivalence we prove the conjecture for 2-algebraic links and classify (2,2)-equivalence classes for links up to nine crossings. We analyze the behavior of Kei (involutive quandle) associated to a link under (2,2)-moves. We construct Burnside Kei, Q(m,n), and ask the question, motivated by classical Burnside question: for which values of m and n, is Q(m,n) finite?
Rotors were introduced in Graph Theory by W.Tutte. The concept was adapted to Knot Theory as a generalization of mutation by Anstee, Przytycki and Rolfsen in 1987. In this paper we show that Tristram-Levine signature is preserved by orientation-preserving rotations. Moreover, we show that any link invariant obtained from the characteristic polynomial of Goeritz matrix, including Murasugi signature, is not changed by rotations. In 2001, P. Traczyk showed that the Conway polynomials of any pair of orientation-preserving rotants coincide. But it was still an open problem if an orientation-reversing rotation preserves Conway polynomial. We show that there is a pair of orientation-reversing rotants with different Conway polynomials. This provides a negative solution to the problem.
We show that several torsion free 3-manifold groups are not left-orderable. Our examples are groups of cyclic branched covers of S^3 branched along links. The figure eight knot provides simple nontrivial examples. The groups arising in these examples are known as Fibonacci groups which we show not to be left-orderable. Many other examples of non-orderable groups are obtained by taking 3-fold branched covers of S^3 branched along various hyperbolic 2-bridge knots. The manifold obtained in such a way from the 5_2 knot is of special interest as it is conjectured to be the hyperbolic 3-manifold with the smallest volume.
In Classical Knot Theory and in the new Theory of Quantum Invariants substantial effort was directed toward the search for unknotting moves on links. We solve, in this note, several classical problems concerning unknotting moves. Our approach uses a new concept, Burnside groups of links, which establishes unexpected relationship between Knot Theory and Group Theory. Our method has the potential to be used in computational biology in the analysis of DNA via tangle embedding theory, as developed by D.W.Sumners.