Hyperbolic curvature of holomorphic level curves
We give sharp bounds for the hyperbolic curvature of the level curve $|z|=|f(z)|$, when $f:\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{D}$ is holomorphic on the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ and $f(0)\neq0$, as well as for other related level curves. As a consequence, we point out a rigidity theorem: if the hyperbolic curvature of the above level curve vanishes at some point, then the level curve is a hyperbolic geodesic and $f$ is an automorphism. As another consequence, we prove that $\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}$ is the greatest lower bound of the supremum of $r\in(0,1)$ such that the level curve $|z|=r|f(z)|$ is (Euclidean) convex. This constant turns out to be also the radius of convexity for hyperbolically convex self-maps of $\mathbb{D}$ that fix the origin. We also give (sharp) estimates for the total hyperbolic curvature, hyperbolic area and hyperbolic perimeter of the sublevel sets.