The uses (and misuses) of Earth Observation data for weather and vegetation analysis
Integrating gridded Earth observation and weather data into impact evaluations holds great promise. These data allow researchers to capture environmental context, external shocks, and intervention outcomes (e.g., land cover change and agricultural production) that surveys might miss due to spatial or temporal data collection constraints. However, with great power comes great responsibility: The growing ease with which researchers can extract and analyze time series from these datasets can obscure complex geospatial and measurement issues affecting the magnitude, direction, and interpretation of impact estimates. This chapter highlights common challenges associated with the use of weather, vegetation, and extreme event data in the context of geospatial impact evaluation, while providing practical guidance and resources to help researchers judiciously use and avoid misusing these datasets.