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Milen Nikolov

Publications and source records attributed to Milen Nikolov.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Toward AI-Ready Medical Imaging Data

Medical imaging data plays a vital role in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and clinical research discovery. Biomedical data managers and clinical researchers must navigate a complex landscape of medical imaging infrastructure, input/output tools and data reliability workflow configurations taking months to operationalize. While standard formats exist for medical imaging data, standard operating procedures (SOPs) for data management are lacking. These data management SOPs are key for developing Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data, a prerequisite for AI-ready datasets. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bridge to Artificial Intelligence (Bridge2AI) Standards Working Group members and domain-expert stakeholders from the Bridge2AI Grand Challenges teams developed data management SOPs for the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. We describe novel SOPs applying to both static and cutting edge video imaging modalities. We emphasize steps required for centralized data aggregation, validation, and de-identification, including a review of new defacing methods for facial DICOM scans, anticipating adversarial AI/ML data re-identification methods. Data management vignettes based on Bridge2AI datasets include example parameters for efficient capture of a wide modality spectrum, including datasets from new ophthalmology retinal scans DICOM modalities.

q-bio.OT

MITI Minimum Information guidelines for highly multiplexed tissue images

The imminent release of tissue atlases combining multi-channel microscopy with single cell sequencing and other omics data from normal and diseased specimens creates an urgent need for data and metadata standards that guide data deposition, curation and release. We describe a Minimum Information about highly multiplexed Tissue Imaging (MITI) standard that applies best practices developed for genomics and other microscopy data to highly multiplexed tissue images and traditional histology.

q-bio.OT

Malaria elimination campaigns in the Lake Kariba region of Zambia: a spatial dynamical model

Background As more regions approach malaria elimination, understanding how different interventions interact to reduce transmission becomes critical. The Lake Kariba area of Southern Province, Zambia, is part of a multi-country elimination effort and presents a particular challenge as it is an interconnected region of variable transmission intensities. Methods In 2012-13, six rounds of mass-screen-and-treat drug campaigns were carried out in the Lake Kariba region. A spatial dynamical model of malaria transmission in the Lake Kariba area, with transmission and climate modeled at the village scale, was calibrated to the 2012-13 prevalence survey data, with case management rates, insecticide-treated net usage, and drug campaign coverage informed by surveillance. The model was used to simulate the effect of various interventions implemented in 2014-22 on reducing regional transmission, achieving elimination by 2022, and maintaining elimination through 2028. Findings The model captured the spatio-temporal trends of decline and rebound in malaria prevalence in 2012-13 at the village scale. Simulations predicted that elimination required repeated mass drug administrations coupled with simultaneous increase in net usage. Drug campaigns targeted only at high-burden areas were as successful as campaigns covering the entire region. Interpretation Elimination in the Lake Kariba region is possible through coordinating mass drug campaigns with high-coverage vector control. Targeting regional hotspots is a viable alternative to global campaigns when human migration within an interconnected area is responsible for maintaining transmission in low-burden areas.

q-bio.PE

Towards Optimal Broadcast in Wireless Networks

Broadcast is a fundamental operation in networks, especially in wireless Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANET). For example, some form of broadcasting is used by all on-demand MANET routing protocols, when there is uncertainty as to the location of the destination node, or for service discovery. Being such a basic operation of the networking protocols, the importance of efficient broadcasting has long been recognized by the networking community. Numerous papers proposed increasingly more efficient implementation of broadcasting, while other studies presented bounds on broadcast performance. In this work, we present a new approach to efficient broadcast in networks with dynamic topologies, such as MANET, and we introduce a new broadcasting algorithm for such networking environments. We evaluate our algorithm, showing that its performance comes remarkably close to the corresponding theoretical performance bounds, even in the presence of packet loss due to, for example, MAC-layer collisions. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with other recently proposed schemes, including in various mobility settings.

cs.NI