arXiv subjects

Milen Yakimov

Publications and source records attributed to Milen Yakimov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The restricted discrete Fourier transform

We investigate the restriction of the discrete Fourier transform $F_N : L^2(\mathbb{Z}/N \mathbb{Z}) \to L^2(\mathbb{Z}/N \mathbb{Z})$ to the space $\mathcal C_a$ of functions with support on the discrete interval $[-a,a]$, whose transforms are supported inside the same interval. A periodically tridiagonal matrix $J$ on $L^2(\mathbb{Z}/N \mathbb{Z})$ is constructed having the three properties that it commutes with $F_N$, has eigenspaces of dimensions 1 and 2 only, and the span of its eigenspaces of dimension 1 is precisely $\mathcal C_a$. The simple eigenspaces of $J$ provide an orthonormal eigenbasis of the restriction of $F_N$ to $\mathcal C_a$. The dimension 2 eigenspaces of $J$ have canonical basis elements supported on $[-a,a]$ and its complement. These bases give an interpolation formula for reconstructing $f(x)\in L^2(\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})$ from the values of $f(x)$ and $\widehat f(x)$ on $[-a,a]$, i.e., an explicit Fourier uniqueness pair interpolation formula. The coefficients of the interpolation formula are expressed in terms of theta functions. The collections of simple eigenvalues of $J$ are proved to be strictly greater than the double eigenvalues. Lastly, we construct an explicit basis of $\mathcal C_a$ having extremal support and leverage it to obtain explicit formulas for eigenfunctions of $F_N$ in $\mathcal C_a$ when $\dim \mathcal C_a \leq 4$.

math.SP↗

arXiv2026

Short star products for quantum symmetric pairs and applications

We prove that the star product for quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras is short. We apply this result to obtain new conceptual proofs, from first principles, of several fundamental facts about quantum symmetric pairs. In particular, we establish the existence of the algebra anti-automorphism $σ_τ$ and of the bar involution, without making use of the quasi K-matrix. We give a new elementary proof of a conjecture by Balagović and Kolb, sometimes referred to as the fundamental lemma for quantum symmetric pairs. We obtain a conceptual formula expressing the tensor quasi K-matrix in terms of the much studied quasi R-matrix and the Letzter map. This also allows for a new independent proof of the intertwiner property of the quasi K-matrix.

math.QA↗

arXiv2026

Maximal green sequences for quantum and Poisson CGL extensions

We prove that the quantum and classical cluster algebras for all members of the axiomatically defined classes of symmetric quantum and Poisson Cauchon-Goodearl-Letzter extensions possess maximal green sequences in the sense of Keller. Previously, maximal green sequences were constructed for explicit families of cluster algebras; many of those can be recovered from the general result for CGL extensions.

math.CO↗

arXiv2026

Integral cluster structures on quantized coordinate rings

We develop (quantum) cluster algebra structures over arbitrary commutative unital rings $\Bbbk$ and prove that the (quantized) coordinate rings of connected simply-connected complex simple algebraic groups $G$ over $\Bbbk$ admit such structures. We first show that the integral form of the quantized coordinate ring of $G$ admits an upper quantum cluster algebra structure over $\mathbb{A}=\mathbb{Z}[q^{\pm\frac{1}{2}}]$ by using a combination of tools from quantum groups, canonical bases and cluster algebras and a previous result of the second and third authors over $\mathbb{Q}(q^{\frac{1}{2}})$. We then obtain (integral) quantum versions of recent results of the first author: when $G$ is not of type $F_4$, the quantized coordinate ring of $G$ admits a quantum cluster algebra structure over $\mathbb{A}'$, where $\mathbb{A}'=\mathbb{A}$ when $G$ is not of types $G_2$, $E_8$, and $F_4$; $\mathbb{A}'=\mathbb{A}[(q^2+1)^{-1}]$ when $G$ is of type $G_2$, and $\mathbb{A}'=\mathbb{Q}(q^{\frac{1}{2}})$ when $G$ is of type $E_8$. We furthermore prove that the classical versions of these results hold over $\mathbb{A}'$ (where $\mathbb{A}'=\mathbb{Z}$ if $G$ is not of type $F_4$ or $G_2$ and $\mathbb{A}'=\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{2}]$ if $G$ is of type $G_2$) and that the integral form of the coordinate ring of $G$ of type $F_4$ is an upper cluster algebra. Finally, by using common triangular bases of (quantum) cluster algebras, we prove that the above results also hold under specializations of $\mathbb{A}$ and $\mathbb{A}'$ to commutative unital rings $\Bbbk$.

math.QA↗

arXiv2025

Reflective centers of module categories and quantum K-matrices

Our work is motivated by obtaining solutions to the quantum reflection equation (qRE) by categorical methods. To start, given a braided monoidal category $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{C}$-module category $\mathcal{M}$, we introduce a version of the Drinfeld center $\mathcal{Z}(\mathcal{C})$ of $\mathcal{C}$ adapted for $\mathcal{M}$; we refer to this category as the "reflective center" $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})$ of $\mathcal{M}$. Just like $\mathcal{Z}(\mathcal{C})$ is a canonical braided monoidal category attached to $\mathcal{C}$, we show that $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})$ is a canonical braided module category attached to $\mathcal{M}$; its properties are investigated in detail. Our second goal pertains to when $\mathcal{C}$ is the category of modules over a quasitriangular Hopf algebra $H$, and $\mathcal{M}$ is the category of modules over an $H$-comodule algebra $A$. We show that the reflective center $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})$ here is equivalent to a category of modules over an explicit algebra, denoted by $R_H(A)$, which we call the "reflective algebra" of $A$. This result is akin to $\mathcal{Z}(\mathcal{C})$ being represented by the Drinfeld double Drin($H$) of $H$. We also study the properties of reflective algebras. Our third set of results is also in the Hopf setting above. We show that reflective algebras are quasitriangular $H$-comodule algebras, and examine their corresponding quantum $K$-matrices; this yields solutions to the qRE. We also establish that the reflective algebra $R_H(\Bbbk)$ is an initial object in the category of quasitriangular $H$-comodule algebras, where $\Bbbk$ is the ground field. The case when $H$ is the Drinfeld double of a finite group is illustrated.

math.QA↗

arXiv2025

Partially compactified quantum cluster structures on simple algebraic groups and the full Berenstein--Zelevinsky conjecture

The construction of partially compactified cluster algebras on coordinate rings is handled by using codimension 2 arguments on cluster covers. An analog of this in the quantum situation is highly desirable but has not been found yet. In this paper, we present a general method for the construction of partially compactified quantum cluster algebra structures on quantized coordinate rings from that of quantum cluster algebra structures on localizations. As an application, we construct a partially compactified quantum cluster algebra structure on the quantized coordinate ring of every connected, simply connected complex simple algebraic group. Along the way, we settle in full the Berenstein--Zelevinsky conjecture that all quantum double Bruhat cells have quantum cluster algebra structures associated to seeds indexed by arbitrary signed words, and prove that all such seeds are linked to each by mutations.

math.QA↗

arXiv2024

Root of unity quantum cluster algebras and discriminants

We describe a connection between the subjects of cluster algebras, polynomial identity algebras and discriminants. For this, we define the notion of root of unity quantum cluster algebras and prove that they are polynomial identity algebras. Inside each such algebra we construct a (large) canonical central subalgebra, which can be viewed as a far reaching generalization of the central subalgebras of big quantum groups constructed by De Concini, Kac and Procesi and used in representation theory. Each such central subalgebra is proved to be isomorphic to the underlying classical cluster algebra of geometric type. When the root of unity quantum cluster algebra is free over its central subalgebra, we prove that the discriminant of the pair is a product of powers of the frozen variables times an integer. An extension of this result is also proved for the discriminants of all subalgebras generated by the cluster variables of nerves in the exchange graph. These results can be used for the effective computation of discriminants. As an application we prove an explicit formula for the discriminant of the integral form over ${\mathbb{Z}}[\varepsilon]$ of each quantum unipotent cells of De Concini, Kac and Procesi for arbitrary symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras, where $\varepsilon$ is a root of unity.

math.QA↗

arXiv2024

The lowest discriminant ideal of a Cayley-Hamilton Hopf algebra

Discriminant ideals of noncommutative algebras $A$, which are module finite over a central sublagebra $C$, are key invariants that carry important information about $A$, such as the sum of the squares of the dimensions of its irreducible modules with a given central character. There has been substantial research on the computation of discriminants, but very little is known about the computation of discriminant ideals. In this paper we carry out a detailed investigation of the lowest discriminant ideals of Cayley-Hamilton Hopf algebras in the sense of De Concini, Reshetikhin, Rosso and Procesi, whose identity fiber algebras are basic. The lowest discriminant ideals are the most complicated ones, because they capture the most degenerate behaviour of the fibers in the exact opposite spectrum of the picture from the Azumaya locus. We provide a description of the zero sets of the lowest discriminant ideals of Cayley-Hamilton Hopf algebras in terms of maximally stable modules of Hopf algebras, irreducible modules that are stable under tensoring with the maximal possible number of irreducible modules with trivial central character. In important situations, this is shown to be governed by the actions of the winding automorphism groups. The results are illustrated with applications to the group algebras of central extensions of abelian groups, big quantum Borel subalgebras at roots of unity and quantum coordinate rings at roots of unity.

math.RT↗

arXiv2024

Adelic and Rational Grassmannians for finite dimensional algebras

We develop a theory of Wilson's adelic Grassmannian ${\mathrm{Gr}}^{\mathrm{ad}}(R)$ and Segal-Wilson's rational Grasssmannian ${\mathrm{Gr}}^ {\mathrm{rat}}(R)$ associated to an arbitrary finite dimensional complex algebra $R$. We provide several equivalent descriptions of the former in terms of the indecomposable projective modules of $R$ and its primitive idempotents, and prove that it classifies the bispectral Darboux transformations of the $R$-valued exponential function. The rational Grasssmannian $ {\mathrm{Gr}}^{\mathrm{rat}}(R)$ is defined by using certain free submodules of $R(z)$ and it is proved that it can be alternatively defined via Wilson type conditions imposed in a representation theoretic settings. A canonical embedding ${\mathrm{Gr}}^{\mathrm{ad}}(R) \hookrightarrow {\mathrm{Gr}}^{\mathrm{rat}}(R)$ is constructed based on a perfect pairing between the $R$-bimodule of quasiexponentials with values in $R$ and the $R$-bimodule $R[z]$.

math.CA↗

arXiv2024

Matrix valued discrete-continuous functions with the prolate spheroidal property and bispectrality

Classical prolate spheroidal functions play an important role in the study of time-band limiting, scaling limits of random matrices, and the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. We establish an intrinsic relationship between discrete-continuous bispectral functions and the prolate spheroidal phenomenon. The former functions form a vast class, parametrized by an infinite dimensional manifold, and are constructed by Darboux transformations from classical bispectral functions associated to orthogonal polynomials. Special cases include spherical functions. We prove that all such Darboux transformations which are self-adjoint in a certain sense give rise to integral operators possessing commuting differential operators and to discrete integral operators possessing commuting shift operators. One particularly striking implication of this is the correspondence between discrete and continuous pairs of commuting operators. Moreover, all results are proved in the setting of matrix valued functions, which provides further advantages for applications. Our methods rely on the use of noncommutative matrix valued Fourier algebras associated to discrete-continuous bispectral functions. We produce the commuting differential and shift operators in a constructive way with explicit upper bounds on their orders and bandwidths, which is illustrated with many concrete examples.

math.CA↗

arXiv2024

The Poisson degeneracy locus of a flag variety

We present a comprehensive study of the degeneracy loci of the full flag varieties of all complex semisimple Lie groups equipped with the standard Poisson structures. The reduced Poisson degeneracy loci are shown to stratify under the action of the canonical maximal torus into open Richardson varieties $\mathcal{R}_v^w$ for pairs of Weyl group elements $v \leq w$ that extend the covering relation of the Bruhat order. Four different combinatorial descriptions of those pairs are given, and it is shown that their Bruhat intervals are power sets. The corresponding closed Richardson varieties $\overline{\mathcal{R}_v^m}$ are shown to be isomorphic to $(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1)^d$ for $d \geq 0$ in a compatible way with the stratification. As a consequence, we obtain that the reduced Poisson degeneracy loci of all full flag varieties are connected, and all of their irreducible components are isomorphic to $(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1)^n$ for some $n \geq 0$; they are not equidimensional in general. Using the framework of projected Richardson varieties, these results are extended to all partial flag varieties. The top dimension of irreducible components of the reduced Poisson degeneracy locus in the full flag case is proved to be equal to the cardinality of Kostant's cascade of roots and the reflective length of the longest Weyl group element. It is shown that the Poisson degeneracy loci of flag varieties are not reduced in general.

math.RT↗

arXiv2023

A Burchnall-Chaundy-Krichever Theory for Fractional Differential Operators

Fractional differential (and difference) operators play a role in a number of diverse settings: integrable systems, mirror symmetry, Hurwitz numbers, the Bethe ansatz equations. We prove extensions of the three major results on algebras of commuting (ordinary) differentials operators to the setting of fractional differential operators: (1) the Burchnall-Chaundy theorem that a pair of commuting differential operators is algebraically dependent, (2) the classification of maximal commutative algebras of differential operators in terms of Sato's theory and (3) the Krichever correspondence constructing those of rank 1 in an algebro-geometric way. Unlike the available proofs of the Burchnall-Chaundy theorem which use the action of one differential operator on the kernel of the other, our extension to the fractional case uses bounds on orders of fractional differential operators and growth of algebras, which also presents a new and much shorter proof of the original result. The second main theorem is achieved by developing a new tool of the spectral field of a point in Sato's Grassmannian, which carries more information than the widely used notion of spectral curve of a KP solution. Our Krichever type correspondence for fractional differential operators is based on infinite jet bundles.

math.RA↗

arXiv2023

Poisson orders on large quantum groups

We develop a Poisson geometric framework for studying the representation theory of all contragredient quantum super groups at roots of unity. This is done in a uniform fashion by treating the larger class of quantum doubles of bozonizations of all distinguished pre-Nichols algebras arXiv:1405.6681 belonging to a one-parameter family; we call these algebras \emph{large} quantum groups. We prove that each of these quantum algebras has a central Hopf subalgebra giving rise to a Poisson order in the sense of arXiv:math/0201042.. We describe explicitly the underlying Poisson algebraic groups and Poisson homogeneous spaces in terms of Borel subgroups of complex semisimple algebraic groups of adjoint type. The geometry of the Poisson algebraic groups and Poisson homogeneous spaces that are involved and its applications to the irreducible representations of the algebras $U_{\mathfrak{q}} \supset U_{\mathfrak{q}}^{\geqslant} \supset U_{\mathfrak{q}}^+$ are also described. Besides all (multiparameter) big quantum groups of De Concini--Kac--Procesi and big quantum super groups at roots of unity, our framework also contains the quantizations in characteristic 0 of the 34-dimensional Kac-Weisfeler Lie algebras in characteristic 2 and the 10-dimensional Brown Lie algebras in characteristic 3. The previous approaches to the above problems relied on reductions to rank two cases and direct calculations of Poisson brackets, which is not possible in the super case since there are 13 kinds of additional Serre relations on up to 4 generators. We use a new approach that relies on perfect pairings between restricted and non-restricted integral forms.

math.QA↗

arXiv2023

Poisson geometry and Azumaya loci of cluster algebras

There are two main types of objects in the theory of cluster algebras: the upper cluster algebras ${\boldsymbol{\mathsf U}}$ with their Gekhtman-Shapiro-Vainshtein Poisson brackets and their root of unity quantizations ${\boldsymbol{\mathsf U}}_\varepsilon$. On the Poisson side, we prove that (without any assumptions) the spectrum of every finitely generated upper cluster algebra ${\boldsymbol{\mathsf U}}$ with its GSV Poisson structure always has a Zariski open orbit of symplectic leaves and give an explicit description of it. On the quantum side, we describe the fully Azumaya loci of the quantizations ${\boldsymbol{\mathsf U}}_\varepsilon$ under the assumption that ${\boldsymbol{\mathsf A}}_\varepsilon = {\boldsymbol{\mathsf U}}_\varepsilon$ and ${\boldsymbol{\mathsf U}}_\varepsilon$ is a finitely generated algebra. All results allow frozen variables to be either inverted or not.

math.RT↗

arXiv2023

Root of unity quantum cluster algebras and Cayley-Hamilton algebras

We prove that large classes of algebras in the framework of root of unity quantum cluster algebras have the structures of maximal orders in central simple algebras and Cayley-Hamilton algebras in the sense of Procesi. We show that every root of unity upper quantum cluster algebra is a maximal order and obtain an explicit formula for its reduced trace. Under mild assumptions, inside each such algebra we construct a canonical central subalgebra isomorphic to the underlying upper cluster algebra, such that the pair is a Cayley-Hamilton algebra; its fully Azumaya locus is shown to contain a copy of the underlying cluster $\mathcal{A}$-variety. Both results are proved in the wider generality of intersections of mixed quantum tori over subcollections of seeds. Furthermore, we prove that all monomial subalgebras of root of unity quantum tori are Cayley-Hamilton algebras and classify those ones that are maximal orders. Arbitrary intersections of those over subsets of seeds are also proved to be Cayley-Hamilton algebras. Previous approaches to constructing maximal orders relied on filtration and homological methods. We use new methods based on cluster algebras.

math.QA↗

arXiv2021

Algebras of commuting differential operators for integral kernels of Airy type

Differential operators commuting with integral operators were discovered in the work of C. Tracy and H. Widom [37, 38] and used to derive asymptotic expansions of the Fredholm determinants of integral operators arising in random matrix theory. Very recently, it has been proved that all rational, symmetric Darboux transformations of the Bessel, Airy, and exponential bispectral functions give rise to commuting integral and differential operators [6, 7, 8], vastly generalizing the known examples in the literature. In this paper, we give a classification of the the rational symmetric Darboux transformations of the Airy function in terms of the fixed point submanifold of a differential Galois group acting on the Lagrangian locus of the (infinite dimensional) Airy Adelic Grassmannian and initiate the study of the full algebra of differential operators commuting with each of the integral operators in question. We leverage the general theory of [8] to obtain explicit formulas for the two differential operators of lowest orders that commute with each of the level one and two integral operators obtained in the Darboux process. Moreover, we prove that each pair of differential operators commute with each other. The commuting operators in the level one case are shown to satisfy an algebraic relation defining an elliptic curve.

math.CA↗

arXiv2021

Poisson geometry and representations of PI 4-dimensional Sklyanin algebras

Take S to be a 4-dimensional Sklyanin (elliptic) algebra that is module-finite over its center Z; thus, S is PI. Our first result is the construction of a Poisson Z-order structure on S such that the induced Poisson bracket on Z is non-vanishing. We also provide the explicit Jacobian structure of this bracket, leading to a description of the symplectic core decomposition of the maximal spectrum Y of Z. We then classify the irreducible representations of S by combining (1) the geometry of the Poisson order structures, with (2) algebro-geometric methods for the elliptic curve attached to S, along with (3) representation-theoretic methods using line and fat point modules of S. Along the way, we improve results of Smith and Tate obtaining a description the singular locus of Y for such S. The classification results for irreducible representations are in turn used to determine the zero sets of the discriminants ideals of these algebras S.

math.RT↗

arXiv2021

Defining relations of quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras

We explicitly determine the defining relations of all quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras of quantized enveloping algebras of Kac-Moody type. Our methods are based on star products on noncommutative $\mathbb{N}$-graded algebras. The resulting defining relations are expressed in terms of continuous q-Hermite polynomials and a new family of deformed Chebyshev polynomials.

math.QA↗