arXiv subjects

Ming-Jun Li

Publications and source records attributed to Ming-Jun Li.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Quasi-Single-Mode Transmission over Ultra-Low Loss Few-Mode Fibre for Data Centre Interconnects

A novel ultra-low-loss few-mode fibre is experimentally investigated for quasi-single-mode transmission over data centre interconnect distances. Multipath interference is characterised across the C-band matching a modified Gaussian noise model to experimental results obtained with conventional training-sequence-based digital signal processing, enabling inservice assessment without traffic disruption. This model shows strong agreement with power-fluctuation measurements performed on a dedicated unmodulated-laser setup. The impact of equaliser length and digital backpropagation on system performance is also analysed. Compared with standard ultralow-loss single-mode fibres, transmission experiments reveal only minor signal-to-noise ratio degradation for up to 42-Gbaud DP-256-QAM over a 24-km span. These findings highlight the potential of ultra-low-loss few-mode fibre for scalable, highcapacity data centre interconnect applications while offering potential for future space-division multiplexing upgrades.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2022

600 km repeater-like quantum communications with dual-band stabilisation

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) fundamentally alters the rate-distance relationship of QKD, offering the scaling of a single-node quantum repeater. Although recent experiments have demonstrated the new opportunities for secure long-distance communications allowed by TF-QKD, formidable challenges remain to unlock its true potential. Previous demonstrations have required intense stabilisation signals at the same wavelength as the quantum signals, thereby unavoidably generating Rayleigh scattering noise that limits the distance and bit rate. Here, we introduce a novel dual-band stabilisation scheme that overcomes past limitations and can be adapted to other phase-sensitive single-photon applications. Using two different optical wavelengths multiplexed together for channel stabilisation and protocol encoding, we develop a setup that provides repeater-like key rates over record communication distances of 555 km and 605 km in the finite-size and asymptotic regimes respectively, and increases the secure key rate at long distance by two orders of magnitude to values of practical significance.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Inverse-designed multi-dimensional silicon photonic transmitters

Modern microelectronic processors have migrated towards parallel computing architectures with many-core processors. However, such expansion comes with diminishing returns exacted by the high cost of data movement between individual processors. The use of optical interconnects has burgeoned as a promising technology that can address the limits of this data transfer. While recent pushes to enhance optical communication have focused on developing wavelength-division multiplexing technology, this approach will eventually saturate the usable bandwidth, and new dimensions of data transfer will be paramount to fulfill the ever-growing need for speed. Here we demonstrate an integrated intra- and inter-chip multi-dimensional communication scheme enabled by photonic inverse design. Using inverse-designed mode-division multiplexers, we combine wavelength- and mode- multiplexing and send massively parallel data through nano-photonic waveguides and optical fibres. Crucially, as we take advantage of an orthogonal optical basis, our approach is inherently scalable to a multiplicative enhancement over the current state of the art.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2021

Compact Dual-Polarization Silicon Integrated Couplers for Multicore Fibers

Compact fiber-to-chip couplers play an important role in optical interconnections, especially in data centers. However, the development of couplers has been mostly limited to standard single mode fibers, with few devices compatible with multicore and multimode fibers. Through the use of state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, we designed a compact dual-polarization coupler to interface chips and dense multicore fibers, demonstrating, for the first time, coupling to both polarizations of all the cores, with measured coupling efficiency of $-$4.3 dB and with a 3 dB bandwidth of 48 nm. The dual-polarization coupler has footprint of 200 $μm^2$ per core, which makes it the smallest fiber-to-chip coupler experimentally demonstrated on a standard silicon-on-insulator platform.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2019

Sending-or-Not-Sending with Independent Lasers: Secure Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution Over 509 km

Twin field quantum key distribution promises high key rates at long distance to beat the rate distance limit. Here, applying the sending or not sending TF QKD protocol, we experimentally demonstrate a secure key distribution breaking the absolute key rate limit of repeaterless QKD over 509 km, 408 km ultra-low loss optical fibre and 350 km standard optical fibre. Two independent lasers are used as the source with remote frequency locking technique over 500 km fiber distance; Practical optical fibers are used as the optical path with appropriate noise filtering; And finite key effects are considered in the key rate analysis. The secure key rates obtained at different distances are more than 5 times higher than the conditional limit of repeaterless QKD, a bound value assuming the same detection loss in the comparison. The achieved secure key rate is also higher than that a traditional QKD protocol running with a perfect repeaterless QKD device and even if an infinite number of sent pulses. Our result shows that the protocol and technologies applied in this experiment enable TF QKD to achieve high secure key rate at long distribution distance, and hence practically useful for field implementation of intercity QKD.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Surpassing the rate-transmittance linear bound of quantum key distribution

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method, measure-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides secure key distribution. While short-distance fibre-based QKD has already been available for real-life implementation, the bottleneck of practical QKD lies on the limited transmission distance. Due to photon losses in transmission, it was believed that the key generation rate is bounded by a linear function of the channel transmittance, $O(η)$, without a quantum repeater, which puts an upper bound on the maximal secure transmission distance. Interestingly, a new phase-encoding MDI-QKD scheme, named twin-field QKD, has been suggested to beat the linear bound, while another variant, named phase-matching quantum key distribution (PM-QKD), has been proven to have a quadratic key-rate improvement, $O(\sqrtη)$. In reality, however, the intrinsic optical mode mismatch of independent lasers, accompanied by phase fluctuation and drift, impedes the successful experimental implementation of the new schemes. Here, we solve this problem with the assistance of the laser injection technique and the phase post-compensation method. In the experiment, the key rate surpasses the linear key-rate bound via 302 km and 402 km commercial-fibre channels, achieving a key rate over 4 orders of magnitude higher than the existing results in literature. Furthermore, with a 502 km ultralow-loss fibre, our system yields a secret key rate of 0.118 bps. We expect this new type of QKD schemes to become a new standard for future QKD.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Secure quantum key distribution over 421 km of optical fiber

We present a quantum key distribution system with a 2.5 GHz repetition rate using a three-state time-bin protocol combined with a one-decoy approach. Taking advantage of superconducting single-photon detectors optimized for quantum key distribution and ultra low-loss fiber, we can distribute secret keys at a maximum distance of 421 km and obtain secret key rates of 6.5 bps over 405 km.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Simple 2.5 GHz time-bin quantum key distribution

We present a 2.5 GHz quantum key distribution setup with the emphasis on a simple experimental realization. It features a three-state time-bin protocol based on a pulsed diode laser and a single intensity modulator. Implementing an efficient one-decoy scheme and finite-key analysis, we achieve record breaking secret key rates of 1.5 kbps over 200 km of standard optical fiber.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2017

Self-organized instability in graded-index multimode fibres

Multimode fibres (MMFs) are attracting interest for complex spatiotemporal dynamics, and for ultrafast fibre sources, imaging and telecommunications. This new interest is based on three key properties: their high spatiotemporal complexity (information capacity), the important role of disorder, and complex intermodal interactions. To date, phenomena in MMFs have been studied only in limiting cases where one or more of these properties can be neglected. Here we study MMFs in a regime in which all these elements are integral. We observe a spatial beam-cleaning process preceding spatiotemporal modulation instability. We show that the origin of these processes is a universal unstable attractor in graded-index MMFs. Both the self-organization of the attractor, as well as its instability, are caused by intermodal interactions characterized by cooperating disorder, nonlinearity and dissipation. The demonstration of a disorder-enhanced nonlinear process in MMF has important implications for telecommunications, and the multifaceted complexity of the dynamics showcases MM waveguides as ideal laboratories for many topics and applications in complexity science.

physics.optics↗