arXiv subjects

Minghao Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Minghao Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

From "What-If" to "What-Is": Counterfactual Thinking-Inspired Semantic Alignment for Visual Brain Decoding

Visual brain decoding reconstructs visual content perceived by a person from neural measurements such as fMRI, providing a computational approach to studying how visual information is represented in the brain. Recent multimodal representations and diffusion priors have improved reconstruction realism. However, visually plausible reconstructions may contain incorrect objects, attributes, or relations because a strong generative prior can complete content not sufficiently specified by the decoded representation. Conventional reconstruction metrics mainly assess the final image and may therefore obscure such semantic errors. We propose ConceptAlign, a counterfactual semantic alignment framework for visual brain decoding. ConceptAlign pools decoded visual tokens and projects them into a frozen text-embedding space, aligning the representation with the ground-truth caption while separating it from scene-preserving near-miss alternatives. Generated offline by an LLM, these alternatives modify one critical object, attribute, or relation while retaining the scene. A margin-based objective learns fine-grained semantic boundaries between the observed stimulus and plausible but incorrect interpretations without requiring LLM calls during inference. We introduce a systematic three-level semantic evaluation framework covering foundational discriminability, counterfactual description discrimination, and representational geometry. Experiments on the Natural Scenes Dataset show that ConceptAlign improves reconstruction measures, counterfactual semantic discrimination, and representational alignment over the MindEye2 backbone. Matched negative-source ablations, independent LLM and human-written alternatives, and human evaluation support the effectiveness and robustness of the supervision, with favorable patterns in fine-grained conflicts, limited-data decoding, and cross-subject structure.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Renormalizations in holomorphic field theories on K\"ahler manifolds

The divergence of Feynman graph integrals is one of the central issues in the study of perturbative quantum field theories. A rigorous formulation of these integrals usually requires renormalization. In this paper, we prove that the Feynman graph integrals arising from holomorphic field theories on closed real-analytic K\"ahler manifolds are convergent with respect to heat-kernel renormalization, Cauchy principal value renormalization, and zeta-function renormalization. Moreover, these three renormalization procedures produce the same value. Our proof is based on the theory of wonderful compactifications in algebraic geometry, which provides a geometric understanding of these integrals. As a consequence, we establish a gauge anomaly formula for these graph integrals.

math-ph↗

arXiv2026

FinInvest-GTCN: Explainable Graph-Temporal-Causal Modeling for Risk-Aware Investment Decision Optimization

Venture capital (VC) investment decisions face distinct challenges, such as multi-source heterogeneous data, non-stationary time series, and the demand for explainable predictions in high-stakes, low-data settings. To overcome these issues, we introduce \textbf{FinInvest-GTCN}, a Graph-Temporal-Causal Network that redefines the task from content recommendation to quantitative risk-return assessment. This architecture combines a relational graph encoder to capture the investment ecosystem's topology, a multi-scale temporal fusion module to handle long-term dependencies and non-stationarity, and a causal decision head that generates risk-adjusted predictions with interpretable causal attributions. A core innovation is the Meta-Causal Adaptation (MCA) strategy, which facilitates robust fine-tuning for new, data-scarce sectors by aligning updates with causally-plausible structures derived from meta-pretraining. Comprehensive experiments on proprietary VC datasets show that FinInvest-GTCN delivers state-of-the-art results, markedly lowering the primary Risk-Adjusted Mean Squared Error (RA-MSE) to 2.51 from a baseline of 3.05 and boosting the cumulative return of a simulated portfolio by 18.7\%. Ablation studies underscore the essential role of each component, while additional analyses confirm the model's stability, interpretability, and enhanced adaptability. This work pioneers a data-driven, explainable framework for investment decision support.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Learning to Look before Learning to Like: Incorporating Human Visual Cognition into Aesthetic Quality Assessment

Automated Aesthetic Quality Assessment (AQA) treats images primarily as static pixel vectors, aligning predictions with human-rating scores largely through semantic perception. However, this paradigm diverges from human aesthetic cognition, which arises from dynamic visual exploration shaped by scanning paths, processing fluency, and the interplay between bottom-up salience and top-down intention. We introduce AestheticNet, a novel cognitive-inspired AQA paradigm that integrates human-like visual cognition and semantic perception with a two-pathway architecture. The visual attention pathway, implemented as a gaze-aligned visual encoder (GAVE) pre-trained offline on eye-tracking data using resource-efficient contrast gaze alignment, models attention from human vision system. This pathway augments the semantic pathway, which uses a fixed semantic encoder such as CLIP, through cross-attention fusion. Visual attention provides a cognitive prior reflecting foreground/background structure, color cascade, brightness, and lighting, all of which are determinants of aesthetic perception beyond semantics. Experiments validated by hypothesis testing show a consistent improvement over the semantic-alone baselines, and demonstrate the gaze module as a model-agnostic corrector compatible with diverse AQA backbones, supporting the necessity and modularity of human-like visual cognition for AQA. Our code is available at https://github.com/keepgallop/AestheticNet.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

M-ArtAgent: Evidence-Based Multimodal Agent for Implicit Art Influence Discovery

Implicit artistic influence, although visually plausible, is often undocumented and thus poses a historically constrained attribution problem: resemblance is necessary but not sufficient evidence. Most prior systems reduce influence discovery to embedding similarity or label-driven graph completion, while recent multimodal large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to temporal inconsistency and unverified attributions. This paper introduces M-ArtAgent, an evidence-based multimodal agent that reframes implicit influence discovery as probabilistic adjudication. It follows a four-phase protocol consisting of Investigation, Corroboration, Falsification, and Verdict governed by a Reasoning and Acting (ReAct)-style controller that assembles verifiable evidence chains from images and biographies, enforces art-historical axioms, and subjects each hypothesis to adversarial falsification via a prompt-isolated critic. Two theory-grounded operators, StyleComparator for Wolfflin formal analysis and ConceptRetriever for ICONCLASS-based iconographic grounding, ensure that intermediate claims are formally auditable. On the balanced WikiArt Influence Benchmark-100 (WIB-100) of 100 artists and 2,000 directed pairs, M-ArtAgent achieves 83.7% positive-class F1, 0.666 Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and 0.910 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), with leakage-control and robustness checks confirming that the gains persist when explicit influence phrases are masked. By coupling multimodal perception with domain-constrained falsification, M-ArtAgent demonstrates that implicit influence analysis benefits from historically grounded adjudication rather than pattern matching alone.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Turning Black Box into White Box: Dataset Distillation Leaks

Dataset distillation compresses a large real dataset into a small synthetic one, enabling models trained on the synthetic data to achieve performance comparable to those trained on the real data. Although synthetic datasets are assumed to be privacy-preserving, we show that existing distillation methods can cause severe privacy leakage because synthetic datasets implicitly encode the weight trajectories of the distilled model, they become over-informative and exploitable by adversaries. To expose this risk, we introduce the Information Revelation Attack (IRA) against state-of-the-art distillation techniques. Experiments show that IRA accurately predicts both the distillation algorithm and model architecture, and can successfully infer membership and recover sensitive samples from the real dataset.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2026

Characterization of $n$-Lie Derivations on Generalized Matrix Algebras

The principal objective of this paper is to determine the structure of $n$-Lie derivations ($n\geq 3$) on generalized matrix algebras.It is shown that under certain mild assumptions, every $n$-Lie derivation can be decomposed into the sum of an extremal $n$-derivation and an $n$-linear centrally-valued mapping. As direct applications, we provide complete characterizations of $n$-Lie derivations on both full matrix algebras and triangular algebras.

math.RA↗

arXiv2025

Rethinking Bias in Generative Data Augmentation for Medical AI: a Frequency Recalibration Method

Developing Medical AI relies on large datasets and easily suffers from data scarcity. Generative data augmentation (GDA) using AI generative models offers a solution to synthesize realistic medical images. However, the bias in GDA is often underestimated in medical domains, with concerns about the risk of introducing detrimental features generated by AI and harming downstream tasks. This paper identifies the frequency misalignment between real and synthesized images as one of the key factors underlying unreliable GDA and proposes the Frequency Recalibration (FreRec) method to reduce the frequency distributional discrepancy and thus improve GDA. FreRec involves (1) Statistical High-frequency Replacement (SHR) to roughly align high-frequency components and (2) Reconstructive High-frequency Mapping (RHM) to enhance image quality and reconstruct high-frequency details. Extensive experiments were conducted in various medical datasets, including brain MRIs, chest X-rays, and fundus images. The results show that FreRec significantly improves downstream medical image classification performance compared to uncalibrated AI-synthesized samples. FreRec is a standalone post-processing step that is compatible with any generative model and can integrate seamlessly with common medical GDA pipelines.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Higher-dimensional Chiral Algebras in the Jouanolou Model and free-field realization

We appeal to the theory of Jouanolou torsors to model the coherent cohomology of configuration spaces of points in d-dimensional affine space. Using this model, we develop the operadic notion of chiral operations, thus generalizing the notion of chiral algebras of Beilinson and Drinfeld to higher dimensions. To produce examples, we use a higher-dimensional conceptualization of the residue which is inspired by Feynman graph integrals. One of our main results is the realization, using higher chiral operations, of the higher-dimensional Kac--Moody and Virasoro algebras.

math.QA↗

arXiv2025

Causal Fingerprints of AI Generative Models

AI generative models leave implicit traces in their generated images, which are commonly referred to as model fingerprints and are exploited for source attribution. Prior methods rely on model-specific cues or synthesis artifacts, yielding limited fingerprints that may generalize poorly across different generative models. We argue that a complete model fingerprint should reflect the causality between image provenance and model traces, a direction largely unexplored. To this end, we conceptualize the causal fingerprint of generative models, and propose a causality-decoupling framework that disentangles it from image-specific content and style in a semantic-invariant latent space derived from pre-trained diffusion reconstruction residual. We further enhance fingerprint granularity with diverse feature representations. We validate causality by assessing attribution performance across representative GANs and diffusion models and by achieving source anonymization using counterfactual examples generated from causal fingerprints. Experiments show our approach outperforms existing methods in model attribution, indicating strong potential for forgery detection, model copyright tracing, and identity protection.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Feynman Graph Integrals on K\"ahler Manifolds

In this paper, we establish the convergence of Feynman graph integrals on closed real-analytic K\"ahler manifolds and uncover the structural mechanism underlying this convergence. The key insight is that, using Getzler's rescaling technique, the graph integrands extend canonically to the Fulton-MacPherson compactification of configuration spaces as forms with divisorial-type singularities. This allows the Feynman graph integrals to be rigorously defined as Cauchy principal value integrals. As an application, these integrals provide a mathematically rigorous construction of the higher-genus B-model invariants on Calabi-Yau threefolds in the sense of Bershadsky-Cecotti-Ooguri-Vafa (BCOV).

math-ph↗

arXiv2025

Who's the Mole? Modeling and Detecting Intention-Hiding Malicious Agents in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLM-MAS) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in collaborative problem-solving. However, their deployment also introduces new security risks. Existing research on LLM-based agents has primarily examined single-agent scenarios, while the security of multi-agent systems remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we present a systematic study of intention-hiding threats in LLM-MAS. We design four representative attack paradigms that subtly disrupt task completion while maintaining a high degree of stealth, and evaluate them under centralized, decentralized, and layered communication structures. Experimental results show that these attacks are highly disruptive and can easily evade existing defense mechanisms. To counter these threats, we propose AgentXposed, a psychology-inspired detection framework. AgentXposed draws on the HEXACO personality model, which characterizes agents through psychological trait dimensions, and the Reid interrogation technique, a structured method for eliciting concealed intentions. By combining progressive questionnaire probing with behavior-based inter-agent monitoring, the framework enables the proactive identification of malicious agents before harmful actions are carried out. Extensive experiments across six datasets against both our proposed attacks and two baseline threats demonstrate that AgentXposed effectively detects diverse forms of malicious behavior, achieving strong robustness across multiple communication settings.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2024

Large Language Model Federated Learning with Blockchain and Unlearning for Cross-Organizational Collaboration

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way computers understand and process human language, but using them effectively across different organizations remains still difficult. When organizations work together to improve LLMs, they face several main challenges. First, organizations hesitate to share their valuable data with others. Second, competition between organizations creates trust problems during collaboration. Third, new privacy laws require organizations to be able to delete specific data when requested, which is especially difficult when multiple organizations are learning from shared data. Traditional federated learning approaches do not address these interconnected challenges, particularly in scenarios where participants cannot fully trust each other or the central aggregator. To overcome these limitations, we propose a hybrid blockchain-based federated learning framework that uniquely combines public and private blockchain architectures with multi-agent reinforcement learning. Our framework enables transparent sharing of model update through the public blockchain while protecting sensitive computations in private chains. Each organization operates as an intelligent agent, using Q-learning to optimize its participation strategy and resource allocation, thus aligning individual incentives with collective goals. Notably, we introduce an efficient unlearning mechanism based on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) that enables selective removal of specific data contributions without compromising the model's overall performance. Through extensive experimentation on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that our framework effectively balances privacy protection, trust establishment, and regulatory compliance while maintaining high model performance.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2024

A Self-attention Residual Convolutional Neural Network for Health Condition Classification of Cow Teat Images

Milk is a highly important consumer for Americans and the health of the cows' teats directly affects the quality of the milk. Traditionally, veterinarians manually assessed teat health by visually inspecting teat-end hyperkeratosis during the milking process which is limited in time, usually only tens of seconds, and weakens the accuracy of the health assessment of cows' teats. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used for cows' teat-end health assessment. However, there are challenges in using CNNs for cows' teat-end health assessment, such as complex environments, changing positions and postures of cows' teats, and difficulty in identifying cows' teats from images. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a cows' teats self-attention residual convolutional neural network (CTSAR-CNN) model that combines residual connectivity and self-attention mechanisms to assist commercial farms in the health assessment of cows' teats by classifying the magnitude of teat-end hyperkeratosis using digital images. The results showed that upon integrating residual connectivity and self-attention mechanisms, the accuracy of CTSAR-CNN has been improved. This research illustrates that CTSAR-CNN can be more adaptable and speedy to assist veterinarians in assessing the health of cows' teats and ultimately benefit the dairy industry.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2024

Supervised Learning Model for Key Frame Identification from Cow Teat Videos

This paper proposes a method for improving the accuracy of mastitis risk assessment in cows using neural networks and video analysis. Mastitis, an infection of the udder tissue, is a critical health problem for cows and can be detected by examining the cow's teat. Traditionally, veterinarians assess the health of a cow's teat during the milking process, but this process is limited in time and can weaken the accuracy of the assessment. In commercial farms, cows are recorded by cameras when they are milked in the milking parlor. This paper uses a neural network to identify key frames in the recorded video where the cow's udder appears intact. These key frames allow veterinarians to have more flexible time to perform health assessments on the teat, increasing their efficiency and accuracy. However, there are challenges in using cow teat video for mastitis risk assessment, such as complex environments, changing cow positions and postures, and difficulty in identifying the udder from the video. To address these challenges, a fusion distance and an ensemble model are proposed to improve the performance (F-score) of identifying key frames from cow teat videos. The results show that these two approaches improve performance compared to using a single distance measure or model.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Mental-Perceiver: Audio-Textual Multi-Modal Learning for Estimating Mental Disorders

Mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, have become a global concern that affects people of all ages. Early detection and treatment are crucial to mitigate the negative effects these disorders can have on daily life. Although AI-based detection methods show promise, progress is hindered by the lack of publicly available large-scale datasets. To address this, we introduce the Multi-Modal Psychological assessment corpus (MMPsy), a large-scale dataset containing audio recordings and transcripts from Mandarin-speaking adolescents undergoing automated anxiety/depression assessment interviews. MMPsy also includes self-reported anxiety/depression evaluations using standardized psychological questionnaires. Leveraging this dataset, we propose Mental-Perceiver, a deep learning model for estimating mental disorders from audio and textual data. Extensive experiments on MMPsy and the DAIC-WOZ dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of Mental-Perceiver in anxiety and depression detection.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2024

On the renormalization and quantization of topological-holomorphic field theories

Topological field theories and holomorphic field theories naturally appear in both mathematics and physics. However, there exist intriguing hybrid theories that are topological in some directions and holomorphic in others, such as twists of supersymmetric field theories or Costello's 4-dimensional Chern-Simons theory. In this paper, we rigorously prove the ultraviolet (UV) finiteness for such hybrid theories on the model manifold $\mathbb{R}^{d'} \times \mathbb{C}^d$, and present two significant vanishing results regarding anomalies: in the case $d'=1$, the odd-loop obstructions to quantization on $\mathbb{R}^{d'} \times \mathbb{C}^d$ vanish; in the case $d'>1$, all obstructions disappear, allowing us to define a factorization algebra structure for quantum observables. Previous versions circulated under the title "Factorization algebras from topological-holomorphic field theories".

math-ph↗

arXiv2024

Federated TrustChain: Blockchain-Enhanced LLM Training and Unlearning

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a significant challenge: the exhausting of publicly available fresh data. This is because training a LLM needs a large demanding of new data. Federated learning emerges as a promising solution, enabling collaborative model to contribute their private data to LLM global model. However, integrating federated learning with LLMs introduces new challenges, including the lack of transparency and the need for effective unlearning mechanisms. Transparency is essential to ensuring trust and fairness among participants, while accountability is crucial for deterring malicious behaviour and enabling corrective actions when necessary. To address these challenges, we propose a novel blockchain-based federated learning framework for LLMs that enhances transparency, accountability, and unlearning capabilities. Our framework leverages blockchain technology to create a tamper-proof record of each model's contributions and introduces an innovative unlearning function that seamlessly integrates with the federated learning mechanism. We investigate the impact of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) hyperparameters on unlearning performance and integrate Hyperledger Fabric to ensure the security, transparency, and verifiability of the unlearning process. Through comprehensive experiments and analysis, we showcase the effectiveness of our proposed framework in achieving highly effective unlearning in LLMs trained using federated learning. Our findings highlight the feasibility of integrating blockchain technology into federated learning frameworks for LLMs.

cs.CR↗