arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Mingming Cao.
We generalize the extrapolation theory of Rubio de Francia to the context of Banach function spaces and modular spaces. Our results are formulated in terms of some natural weighted estimates for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and are stated in measure spaces and for general Muckenhoupt bases. Finally, we give several applications in analysis and partial differential equations.
In nice environments, such as Lipschitz or chord-arc domains, it is well-known that the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for an elliptic operator in $L^p$, for some finite $p$, is equivalent to the fact that the associated elliptic measure belongs to the Muckenhoupt class $A_\infty$. In turn, any of these conditions occurs if and only if the gradient of every bounded null solution satisfies a Carleson measure estimate. This has been recently extended to much rougher settings such as those of 1-sided chord-arc domains, that is, sets which are quantitatively open and connected with a boundary which is Ahlfors-David regular. In this paper, we work in the same environment and consider a qualitative analog of the latter equivalence showing that one can characterize the absolute continuity of the surface measure with respect to the elliptic measure in terms of the finiteness almost everywhere of the truncated conical square function for any bounded null solution. As a consequence of our main result particularized to the Laplace operator and some previous results, we show that the boundary of the domain is rectifiable if and only if the truncated conical square function is finite almost everywhere for any bounded harmonic function. Also, we obtain that for two given elliptic operators $L_1$ and $L_2$, the absolute continuity of the surface measure with respect to the elliptic measure of $L_1$ is equivalent to the same property for $L_2$ provided the disagreement of the coefficients satisfy some quadratic estimate in truncated cones for almost everywhere vertex. Finally for the case on which $L_2$ is either the transpose of $L_1$ or its symmetric part we show the equivalence of the corresponding absolute continuity upon assuming that the antisymmetric part of the coefficients has some controlled oscillation in truncated cones for almost every vertex.
Let $L$ be a linear operator in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ which generates a semigroup $e^{-tL}$ whose kernels $p_t(x,y)$ satisfy the Gaussian upper bound. In this paper, we investigate several kinds of weighted norm inequalities for the conical square function $S_{α,L}$ associated with an abstract operator $L$. We first establish two-weight inequalities including bump estimates, and Fefferman-Stein inequalities with arbitrary weights. We also present the local decay estimates using the extrapolation techniques, and the mixed weak type estimates corresponding Sawyer's conjecture by means of a Coifman-Fefferman inequality. Beyond that, we consider other weak type estimates including the restricted weak-type $(p, p)$ for $S_{α, L}$ and the endpoint estimate for commutators of $S_{α, L}$. Finally, all the conclusions aforementioned can be applied to a number of square functions associated to $L$.
Let $S_α$ be the multilinear square function defined on the cone with aperture $α\geq 1$. In this paper, we investigate several kinds of weighted norm inequalities for $S_α$. We first obtain a sharp weighted estimate in terms of aperture $α$ and $\vec{w} \in A_{\vec{p}}$. By means of some pointwise estimates, we also establish two-weight inequalities including bump and entropy bump estimates, and Fefferman-Stein inequalities with arbitrary weights. Beyond that, we consider the mixed weak type estimates corresponding Sawyer's conjecture, for which a Coifman-Fefferman inequality with the precise $A_{\infty}$ norm is proved. Finally, we present the local decay estimates using the extrapolation techniques and dyadic analysis respectively. All the conclusions aforementioned hold for the Littlewood-Paley $g^*_λ$ function. Some results are new even in the linear case.
In this paper, we establish several different characterizations of the vanishing mean oscillation space associated with Neumann Laplacian $Δ_N$, written ${\rm VMO}_{Δ_N}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. We first describe it with the classical ${\rm VMO}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and certain ${\rm VMO}$ on the half-spaces. Then we demonstrate that ${\rm VMO}_{Δ_N}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is actually ${\rm BMO}_{Δ_N}(\mathbb{R}^n)$-closure of the space of the smooth functions with compact supports. Beyond that, it can be characterized in terms of compact commutators of Riesz transforms and fractional integral operators associated to the Neumann Laplacian. Additionally, by means of the functional analysis, we obtain the duality between certain ${\rm VMO}$ and the corresponding Hardy spaces on the half-spaces. Finally, we present an useful approximation for ${\rm BMO}$ functions on the space of homogeneous type, which can be applied to our argument and otherwhere.
Let $κ\ge 2, λ> 1$ and define the multilinear Littlewood-Paley-Stein operators by $$g_{λ,μ}^*(\vec{f})(x) = \bigg(\iint_{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_{+}} \vartheta_t(x, y) \bigg|\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n κ}} s_t(y,\vec{z}) \prod_{i=1}^κ f_i(z_i) \ dμ(z_i)\bigg|^2 \frac{dμ(y) dt}{t^{m+1}}\bigg)^{\frac12}, $$ where $\vartheta_t(x, y)=\big(\frac{t}{t + |x - y|}\big)^{m λ}$. In this paper, our main aim is to investigate the boundedness of $g_{λ,μ}^*$ on non-homogeneous spaces. By means of probabilistic and dyadic techniques, together with non-homogeneous analysis, we show that $g_{λ,μ}^*$ is bounded from $L^{p_1}(μ) \times \cdots \times L^{p_κ}(μ)$ to $L^p(μ)$ under certain weak type assumptions. The multilinear non-convolution type kernels $s_t$ only need to satisfy some weaker conditions than the standard conditions of multilinear Calderón-Zygmund type kernels and the measures $μ$ are only assumed to be upper doubling measures (non-doubling). The above results are new even under Lebesgue measures. This was done by considering first a sufficient condition for the strong type boundedness of $g_{λ,μ}^*$ based on an endpoint assumption, and then directly deduce the strong bound on a big piece from the weak type assumptions.
Let $n\ge 2$ and $g_λ^{*}$ be the well-known high dimensional Littlewood-Paley function which was defined and studied by E. M. Stein, \begin{align*} g_λ^{*}(f)(x) =\bigg(\iint_{\mathbb R^{n+1}_{+}} \Big(\frac{t}{t+|x-y|}\Big)^{nλ} |\nabla P_tf(y,t)|^2 \frac{dy dt}{t^{n-1}}\bigg)^{1/2}, \ \quad λ> 1, \end{align*} where $P_tf(y,t)=p_t*f(y)$, $p_t(y)=t^{-n}p(y/t)$ and $p(x) = (1+|x|^2)^{-(n+1)/2}$, $\nabla =(\frac{\partial}{\partial y_1},\ldots,\frac{\partial}{\partial y_n},\frac{\partial}{\partial t})$. In this paper, we give a characterization of two-weight norm inequality for $g_λ^{*}$-function. We show that, $\big\| g_λ^{*}(f σ) \big\|_{L^2(w)} \lesssim \big\| f \big\|_{L^2(σ)}$ if and only if the two-weight Muchenhoupt $A_2$ condition holds, and a testing condition holds : \begin{align*} \sup_{Q : cubes \ in \mathbb R^n} \frac{1}{σ(Q)} \int_{\mathbb R^n} \iint_{\widehat{Q}} \Big(\frac{t}{t+|x-y|}\Big)^{nλ}|\nabla P_t(\mathbf{1}_Q σ)(y,t)|^2 \frac{w dx dt}{t^{n-1}} dy < \infty, \end{align*} where $\widehat{Q}$ is the Carleson box over $Q$ and $(w, σ)$ is a pair of weights. We actually prove this characterization for $g_λ^{*}$-function associated with more general fractional Poisson kernel $p^α(x) = (1+|x|^2)^{-{(n+α)}/{2}}$. Moreover, the corresponding results for intrinsic $g_λ^*$-function are also presented.
It is well-known that the $L^p$ boundedness and weak $(1,1)$ estiamte $(λ>2)$ of the classical Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^{*}$-function was first studied by Stein, and the weak $(p,p)$ $(p>1)$ estimate was later given by Fefferman for $λ=2/p$. In this paper, we investigated the $L^p(μ)$ boundedness of the non-homogeneous Littlewood-Paley $g_{λ,μ}^{*}$-function with non-convolution type kernels and a power bounded measure $μ$: $$ g_{λ,μ}^*(f)(x) = \bigg(\iint_{{\mathbb R}^{n+1}_{+}} \Big(\frac{t}{t + |x - y|}\Big)^{m λ} |θ_t^μf(y)|^2 \frac{dμ(y) dt}{t^{m+1}}\bigg)^{1/2},\ x \in {\mathbb R}^n,\ λ> 1, $$ where $θ_t^μf(y) = \int_{{\mathbb R}^n} s_t(y,z) f(z) dμ(z)$, and $s_t$ is a non-convolution type kernel. Based on a big piece prior boundedness, we first gave a sufficient condition for the $L^p(μ)$ boundedness of $g_{λ,μ}^*$. This was done by means of the non-homogeneous good lambda method. Then, using the methods of dyadic analysis, we demonstrated a big piece global $Tb$ theorem. Finally, we obtaind a sufficient and necessary condition for $L^p(μ)$ boundedness of $g_{λ,μ}^*$-function. It is worth noting that our testing conditions are weak $(1,1)$ type with respect to measures.
Let $I_α$ be the linear and $\mathcal{I}_α$ be the bilinear fractional integral operators. In the linear setting, it is known that the two-weight inequality holds for the first order commutators of $I_α$. But the method can't be used to obtain the two weighted norm inequality for the higher order commutators of $I_α$. In this paper, we first give an alternative proof for the first order commutators of $I_α$. This new approach allows us to consider the higher order commutators. This was done by showing that the commutator $[b,I_α]$ can be represented as a finite linear combination of some paraproducts. Then, by using the Cauchy integral theorem, we show that the two-weight inequality holds for the higher order commutators of $I_α$. In the bilinear setting, we present a dyadic proof for the characterization between $BMO$ and the boundedness of $[b,\mathcal{I}_α]$. Moreover, some bilinear paraproducts are also treated in order to obtain the boundedness of $[b,\mathcal{I}_α]$.
The main result of this paper is a bi-parameter $Tb$ theorem for Littlewood-Paley $g$-function, where $b$ is a tensor product of two pseudo-accretive functions. Instead of the doubling measure, we work with a product measure $μ= μ_n \times μ_m$, where the measures $μ_n$ and $μ_m$ are only assumed to be upper doubling. The main techniques of the proof include a bi-parameter $b$-adapted Haar function decomposition and an averaging identity over good double Whitney regions. Moreover, the non-homogeneous analysis and probabilistic methods are used again.
This paper will be devoted to study the two-weight norm inequalities of the multilinear fractional maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_α$ and the multilinear fractional integral operator $\mathcal{I}_α$. The entropy conditions in the multilinear setting will be introduced and the entropy bounds for $\mathcal{M}_α$ and $\mathcal{I}_α$ will be given.
In this paper, we investigated the boundedness of multilinear fractional strong maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$ associated with rectangles or related to more general basis with multiple weights $A_{(\vec{p},q),\mathcal{R}}$. In the rectangles setting, we first gave an end-point estimate of $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$, which not only extended the famous linear result of Jessen, Marcinkiewicz and Zygmund, but also extended the multilinear result of Grafakos, Liu, Pérez and Torres ($α=0$) to the case $0<α<mn.$ Then, in one weight case, we gave several equivalent characterizations between $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$ and $A_{(\vec{p},q),\mathcal{R}}$, by applying a different approach from what we have used before. Moreover, a sufficient condition for the two weighted norm inequality of $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$ was presented and a version of vector-valued two weighted inequality for the strong maximal operator was established when $m=1$. In the general basis setting, we further studied the properties of the multiple weights $A_{(\vec{p},q),\mathcal{R}}$ conditions, including the equivalent characterizations and monotonic properties, which essentially extended one's previous understanding. Finally, a survey on multiple strong Muckenhoupt weights was given, which demonstrates the properties of multiple weights related to rectangles systematically.
Let $m,n\ge 1$ and $g_{λ_1,λ_2}^*$ be the bi-parameter Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^{*}$-function defined by $$ g_{λ_1,λ_2}^*(f)(x)= \bigg(\iint_{\R^{m+1}_{+}} \big(\frac{t_2}{t_2 + |x_2 - y_2|}\big)^{m λ_2} \iint_{\R^{n+1}_{+}} \big(\frac{t_1}{t_1 + |x_1 - y_1|}\big)^{n λ_1}|θ_{t_1,t_2} f(y_1,y_2)|^2 \frac{dy_1 dt_1}{t_1^{n+1}} \frac{dy_2 dt_2}{t_2^{m+1}} \bigg)^{1/2}, λ_1>1,\quad λ_2>1 $$ where $θ_{t_1,t_2} f$ is a non-convolution kernel defined on $\mathbb{R}^{m+n}$. In this paper, we showed that the bi-parameter Littlewood-Paley function $g_{λ_1,λ_2}^*$ was bounded from $L^2(\R^{n+m})$ to $L^2(\R^{n+m})$. This was done by means of probabilistic methods and by using a new averaging identity over good double Whitney regions.
In this paper, we present a local $Tb$ theorem for the non-homogeneous Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^{*}$-function with non-convolution type kernels and upper power bound measure $μ$. We show that, under the assumptions $\supp b_Q \subset Q$, $|\int_Q b_Q dμ| \gtrsim μ(Q)$ and $||b_Q||^p_{L^p(μ)} \lesssim μ(Q)$, the norm inequality $\big\| g_λ^{*}(f) \big\|_{L^p(μ)} \lesssim \big\| f \big\|_{L^p(μ)}$ holds if and only if the following testing condition holds : $$\sup_{Q : cubes \ in \ \Rn} \frac{1}{μ(Q)}\int_Q \bigg(\int_{0}^{\ell(Q)} \int_{\Rn} \Big(\frac{t}{t+|x-y|}\Big)^{mλ}|θ_t(b_Q)(y,t)|^2 \frac{dμ(y) dt}{t^{m+1}}\bigg)^{p/2} dμ(x) < \infty.$$ This is the first time to investigate $g_λ^*$-function in the simultaneous presence of three attributes : local, non-homogeneous and $L^p$-testing condition. It is important to note that the testing condition here is $L^p$ type with $p \in (1,2]$.
In this paper, the multilinear fractional strong maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$ associated with rectangles and corresponding multiple weights $A_{(\vec{p},q),\mathcal{R}}$ are introduced. Under the dyadic reverse doubling condition, a necessary and sufficient condition for two-weight inequalities is given. As consequences, we first obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for one-weight inequalities. Then, we give a new proof for the weighted estimates of multilinear fractional maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_α$ associated with cubes and multilinear fractional integral operator $\mathcal{I}_α$, which is quite different and simple from the proof known before.