arXiv subjects

Minji Kang

Publications and source records attributed to Minji Kang.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

SWORD: Wikidata-based Distortions Reveal Hidden Cross-Lingual Inconsistencies in LLM Factual Error Rejection

Modern LLMs demonstrate impressive multilingual performance, yet standard benchmarks primarily reward selecting correct answers rather than evaluating genuine factual understanding. We introduce Systematic Wikidata-based Object-Relation Distortion (SWORD), a benchmark that evaluates whether models consistently reject factual errors across languages. SWORD generates syntactically well-formed but factually incorrect statements in eight widely spoken languages through controlled perturbations of Wikidata triples, ranging from random entity substitutions to semantically plausible property-based selections. Our distortion-based evaluation surfaces two critical insights that remain entirely obscured by conventional benchmarks. First, models counterintuitively achieve higher accuracy on semantically plausible distortions than on nonsensical random substitutions, suggesting reliance on distributional familiarity rather than genuine factual verification. Second, models exhibiting comparable baseline accuracy across languages show substantial performance degradation specifically on (East) Asian languages when presented with distorted statements, with cross-lingual performance gaps reaching up to 28 percentage points (49\% relative reduction) in some models. These findings demonstrate that multilingual factual reasoning involves asymmetric capabilities that aggregate accuracy metrics systematically obscure.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

MAST: Mask-Guided Attention Control for Training-Free Regional-Multi Style Transfer

Style transfer applies the appearance of a reference image to a content image while preserving its spatial structure. Recent diffusion-based methods achieve strong stylization but typically assume a single global style. We instead consider regional-multi style transfer, which assigns multiple references to user-specified regions of a content image. Extending them to this setting reveals two coupled shared-attention issues: ambiguous mass allocation among content and style partitions and degraded selectivity as more styles are jointly normalized, while style aggregation at the attention output further suppresses fine details. We propose MAST (Mask-Guided Attention Control for Training-Free Regional-Multi Style Transfer), a unified attention-control framework for frozen diffusion models. Logit-level Attention Mass Allocation enforces mask-derived partition masses, Sharpness-aware Temperature Scaling adaptively restores selectivity, and Discrepancy-aware Detail Injection recovers high-frequency content. MAST jointly processes all style--mask pairs in a single denoising pass without training, optimization, or post-hoc composition. Across two to five styles, MAST achieves the best average ArtFID, FID, and R-FID among all baselines, demonstrating regional style fidelity, content preservation, and scalability.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

MoECLIP: Patch-Specialized Experts for Zero-shot Anomaly Detection

The CLIP model's outstanding generalization has driven recent success in Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection (ZSAD) for detecting anomalies in unseen categories. The core challenge in ZSAD is to specialize the model for anomaly detection tasks while preserving CLIP's powerful generalization capability. Existing approaches attempting to solve this challenge share the fundamental limitation of a patch-agnostic design that processes all patches monolithically without regard for their unique characteristics. To address this limitation, we propose MoECLIP, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture for the ZSAD task, which achieves patch-level adaptation by dynamically routing each image patch to a specialized Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) expert based on its unique characteristics. Furthermore, to prevent functional redundancy among the LoRA experts, we introduce (1) Frozen Orthogonal Feature Separation (FOFS), which orthogonally separates the input feature space to force experts to focus on distinct information, and (2) a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF) loss to regulate the expert outputs to form maximally equiangular representations. Comprehensive experimental results across 14 benchmark datasets spanning industrial and medical domains demonstrate that MoECLIP outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/CoCoRessa/MoECLIP.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Llama-Polya: Instruction Tuning for Large Language Model based on Polya's Problem-solving

This paper introduces Llama-Polya, an instruction-tuned large language model that integrates Polya's four-step problem-solving framework into its dialogue structure to support mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problem-solving is central to students' success in mathematics education, yet many learners struggle to plan, justify, and verify their solutions. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise as intelligent tutors, they often lack structured pedagogical alignment grounded in established learning theories. To address this gap, we operationalize Polya's problem-solving framework within an instruction-tuned LLM to promote metacognitive engagement and examine the effects of pedagogy-aligned fine-tuning compared to domain-only and general-purpose instruction tuning. Built on the Llama-3.1-8B architecture, Llama-Polya was fine-tuned on synthetic math problem-solving data derived from GSM8K, structured according to Polya's four stages. We developed and evaluated multiple variants-general-purpose instruct, math-domain metamath, pedagogy-aligned polya-v2, and sequential metamath+polya-v2-using both quantitative accuracy metrics and qualitative pedagogical assessments. Results indicate that models tuned with Polya's framework and domain-specific data produced more balanced reasoning-stage distributions and fewer premature answers. Expert evaluators also observed improved pedagogical coherence and metacognitive prompting, although limitations in personalization and mathematical rigor remained. These findings suggest that pedagogy-grounded instruction tuning can enhance educational alignment and reasoning transparency in LLM-based tutoring systems.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2026

Exploring the Role of Automated Feedback in Programming Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Automated feedback systems have become increasingly integral to programming education, where learners engage in iterative cycles of code construction, testing, and refinement. Despite its wider integration in practices and technical advancements into AI, research in this area remains fragmented, lacking synthesis across technological and instructional dimensions. This systematic literature review synthesizes 61 empirical studies published by September 2024, offering a conceptually grounded analysis of automated feedback systems across five dimensions: system architecture, pedagogical function, interaction mechanism, contextual deployment, and evaluation approach. Findings reveal that most systems are fully automated, embedded within online platforms, and primarily focused on error detection and code correctness. While recent developments incorporate adaptive features and large language models to enable more personalized and interactive feedback, few systems offer support for higher-order learning processes, interactive components, or learner agency. Moreover, evaluation practices tend to emphasize short-term performance gains, with limited attention to long-term outcomes or instructional integration. These findings call for a reimagining of automated feedback not as a technical add-on for error correction, but as a pedagogical scaffold that supports deeper, adaptive, and interactive learning.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2026

Mi:dm 2.0 Korea-centric Bilingual Language Models

We introduce Mi:dm 2.0, a bilingual large language model (LLM) specifically engineered to advance Korea-centric AI. This model goes beyond Korean text processing by integrating the values, reasoning patterns, and commonsense knowledge inherent to Korean society, enabling nuanced understanding of cultural contexts, emotional subtleties, and real-world scenarios to generate reliable and culturally appropriate responses. To address limitations of existing LLMs, often caused by insufficient or low-quality Korean data and lack of cultural alignment, Mi:dm 2.0 emphasizes robust data quality through a comprehensive pipeline that includes proprietary data cleansing, high-quality synthetic data generation, strategic data mixing with curriculum learning, and a custom Korean-optimized tokenizer to improve efficiency and coverage. To realize this vision, we offer two complementary configurations: Mi:dm 2.0 Base (11.5B parameters), built with a depth-up scaling strategy for general-purpose use, and Mi:dm 2.0 Mini (2.3B parameters), optimized for resource-constrained environments and specialized tasks. Mi:dm 2.0 achieves state-of-the-art performance on Korean-specific benchmarks, with top-tier zero-shot results on KMMLU and strong internal evaluation results across language, humanities, and social science tasks. The Mi:dm 2.0 lineup is released under the MIT license to support extensive research and commercial use. By offering accessible and high-performance Korea-centric LLMs, KT aims to accelerate AI adoption across Korean industries, public services, and education, strengthen the Korean AI developer community, and lay the groundwork for the broader vision of K-intelligence. Our models are available at https://huggingface.co/K-intelligence. For technical inquiries, please contact midm-llm@kt.com.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

Uncertainty quantification and parameter optimization of plasma etching process using heteroscedastic Gaussian process

This study presents a comprehensive framework for uncertainty quantification (UQ) and design optimization of plasma etching in semiconductor manufacturing. The framework is demonstrated using experimental measurements of etched depth collected at nine wafer locations under various plasma conditions. A heteroscedastic Gaussian process (hetGP) surrogate model is employed to capture the complex uncertainty structure in the data, enabling distinct quantification of (a) spatial variability across the wafer and (b) process-related uncertainty arising from variations in chamber pressure, gas flow rate, and RF power. Epistemic uncertainty due to sparse data is further quantified and incorporated into a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) scheme. The proposed method identifies optimal process parameters that minimize spatial variability of etch depth while maintaining reliability under both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The results demonstrate that this framework effectively integrates data-driven surrogate modeling with robust optimization, enhancing predictive accuracy and process reliability. Moreover, the proposed approach is generalizable to other semiconductor processes, such as photolithography, where performance is highly sensitive to multifaceted uncertainties.

physics.pop-ph↗

arXiv2025

Quality Estimation Reranking for Document-Level Translation

Quality estimation (QE) reranking is a form of quality-aware decoding which aims to improve machine translation (MT) by scoring and selecting the best candidate from a pool of generated translations. While known to be effective at the sentence level, its application to the increasingly prominent domain of document-level translation remains underexplored. In this work, we evaluate QE reranking performance on document-level (rather than the typical sentence-level) translation, using various learned and large language model (LLM)-based QE metrics. We find that with our best learned metric, SLIDE, BLEURT-20 scores improve by +2.00 with only two candidates, and by +5.09 with 32, across both decoder-only LLM models and encoder-decoder neural machine translation (NMT) models. Using the best LLM-based metric, GEMBA-DA, gains of +1.63 and +4.30 are achieved under the same conditions. Although gains shrink with longer inputs, reranking with 32 candidates yields improvements of +2.34 (SLIDE) and +1.40 (GEMBA-DA) on our longest documents (512-1024 source tokens). These findings demonstrate the practical value of document-level QE, with minimal runtime overhead given suitable translation models and hardware.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

Scoop-and-Toss: Dynamic Object Collection for Quadrupedal Systems

Quadruped robots have made significant advances in locomotion, extending their capabilities from controlled environments to real-world applications. Beyond movement, recent work has explored loco-manipulation using the legs to perform tasks such as pressing buttons or opening doors. While these efforts demonstrate the feasibility of leg-based manipulation, most have focused on relatively static tasks. In this work, we propose a framework that enables quadruped robots to collect objects without additional actuators by leveraging the agility of their legs. By attaching a simple scoop-like add-on to one leg, the robot can scoop objects and toss them into a collection tray mounted on its back. Our method employs a hierarchical policy structure comprising two expert policies-one for scooping and tossing, and one for approaching object positions-and a meta-policy that dynamically switches between them. The expert policies are trained separately, followed by meta-policy training for coordinated multi-object collection. This approach demonstrates how quadruped legs can be effectively utilized for dynamic object manipulation, expanding their role beyond locomotion.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2025

In-situ and Non-contact Etch Depth Prediction in Plasma Etching via Machine Learning (ANN & BNN) and Digital Image Colorimetry

Precise monitoring of etch depth and the thickness of insulating materials, such as Silicon dioxide and silicon nitride, is critical to ensuring device performance and yield in semiconductor manufacturing. While conventional ex-situ analysis methods are accurate, they are constrained by time delays and contamination risks. To address these limitations, this study proposes a non-contact, in-situ etch depth prediction framework based on machine learning (ML) techniques. Two scenarios are explored. In the first scenario, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to predict average etch depth from process parameters, achieving a significantly lower mean squared error (MSE) compared to a linear baseline model. The approach is then extended to incorporate variability from repeated measurements using a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) to capture both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. Coverage analysis confirms the BNN's capability to provide reliable uncertainty estimates. In the second scenario, we demonstrate the feasibility of using RGB data from digital image colorimetry (DIC) as input for etch depth prediction, achieving strong performance even in the absence of explicit process parameters. These results suggest that the integration of DIC and ML offers a viable, cost-effective alternative for real-time, in-situ, and non-invasive monitoring in plasma etching processes, contributing to enhanced process stability, and manufacturing efficiency.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Echo-Teddy: Preliminary Design and Development of Large Language Model-based Social Robot for Autistic Students

Autistic students often face challenges in social interaction, which can hinder their educational and personal development. This study introduces Echo-Teddy, a Large Language Model (LLM)-based social robot designed to support autistic students in developing social and communication skills. Unlike previous chatbot-based solutions, Echo-Teddy leverages advanced LLM capabilities to provide more natural and adaptive interactions. The research addresses two key questions: (1) What are the design principles and initial prototype characteristics of an effective LLM-based social robot for autistic students? (2) What improvements can be made based on developer reflection-on-action and expert interviews? The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining prototype development with qualitative analysis of developer reflections and expert interviews. Key design principles identified include customizability, ethical considerations, and age-appropriate interactions. The initial prototype, built on a Raspberry Pi platform, features custom speech components and basic motor functions. Evaluation of the prototype revealed potential improvements in areas such as user interface, educational value, and practical implementation in educational settings. This research contributes to the growing field of AI-assisted special education by demonstrating the potential of LLM-based social robots in supporting autistic students. The findings provide valuable insights for future developments in accessible and effective social support tools for special education.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2024

From Prediction to Application: Language Model-based Code Knowledge Tracing with Domain Adaptive Pre-Training and Automatic Feedback System with Pedagogical Prompting for Comprehensive Programming Education

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a critical component in online learning, but traditional approaches face limitations in interpretability and cross-domain adaptability. This paper introduces Language Model-based Code Knowledge Tracing (CodeLKT), an innovative application of Language model-based Knowledge Tracing (LKT) to programming education. CodeLKT leverages pre-trained language models to process learning data, demonstrating superior performance over existing KT and Code KT models. We explore Domain Adaptive Pre-Training (DAPT) and Task Adaptive Pre-Training (TAPT), showing enhanced performance in the coding domain and investigating cross-domain transfer between mathematics and coding. Additionally, we present an theoretically-informed integrated system combining CodeLKT with large language models to generate personalized, in-depth feedback to support students' programming learning. This work advances the field of Code Knowledge Tracing by expanding the knowledge base with language model-based approach and offering practical implications for programming education through data-informed feedback.

cs.CL↗