arXiv subjects

Minze Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Minze Chen.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Continuous Quantum Aperture: Beamforming with a Single-Vapor-Cell Rydberg Receiver

Beamforming is conventionally understood as a collective property of many discrete antenna elements in both communication and radar fields, which links angular selectivity to array size, element spacing, and band-specific hardware. Here we uncover a fundamentally different beamforming mechanism achieved by a Rydberg atomic receiver: a Rydberg-atom vapor cell dressed by a local-oscillator field constitutes a continuous quantum aperture. In this regime, spatially-varying quantum coherence across the aperture provides continuous amplitude-phase control, allowing a directional beam pattern to emerge from one sensing volume rather than from an engineered array. We establish the theory of continuous quantum aperture and show that tailoring the local-oscillator field can directly program the aperture response. This enables reconfigurable single-peak, multipeak, and multiband beamforming within a single vapor cell. Experiments on a Rydberg atomic receiver prototype verify that practical beam patterns agree with theoretical predictions across aperture sizes, frequency bands, and local-oscillator configurations. Leveraging this new beamforming mechanism, we further demonstrate interference mitigation, multiuser access, and multiband multiuser access with the single-vapor-cell platform. Our results identify the continuous quantum aperture as a new operating principle of Rydberg atomic receivers and establish single-vapor-cell beamforming as an integrated and reconfigurable platform for spatially selective electromagnetic reception.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

New Paradigm for Integrated Sensing and Communication with Rydberg Atomic Receiver

The RYDberg Atomic Receiver (RYDAR) has been demonstrated to surmount the limitation on both the sensitivity and operating bandwidth of the classical electronic counterpart, which can theoretically detect indiscernible electric signals below -174 dBm/Hz with optical measurement through Rydberg-state atoms. Such miracle has established a new quantum-based paradigm for communications and sensing, which motivates a revolution of the transceiver design philosophies to fully unleash the potential of RYDAR towards next-generation networks. Against this background, this article provides a thorough investigation of Rydberg atomic communications and sensing from theory to hardware implementations. Specifically, we highlight the great opportunities from the hybridization between the RYDAR and the cutting-edge integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), followed by essential preliminaries of the quantum-based receiver. Then we propose a theoretical framework for broadband ISAC based on RYDAR, demonstrated by the proof-of-concept experiments. Afterwards, the enabling technologies for the ISAC framework are explored ranging from channel characterization, waveform design to array-based receiver configurations, where the open problems are also summarized. Finally, the future applications of RYDAR-based ISAC are envisioned, indicating its significant potential for both civilian and military purposes.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

High-Resolution Quantum Sensing with Rydberg Atomic Receiver: Principles, Experiments and Future Prospects

Quantum sensing using Rydberg atoms offers unprecedented opportunities for next-generation radar systems, transcending classical limitations in miniaturization and spectral agility. Implementing this paradigm for radar sensing, this work proposes a quantum-enhanced radar reception architecture enabled by the emerging Rydberg atomic receiver, replacing conventional antenna-to-mixer chains with a centimeter-scale vapor cell. The proposed approach is based on electromagnetically induced transparency with the Autler-Townes splitting enabling direct RF-to-optical downconversion within the atomic medium via an external co-frequency reference. To circumvent the intrinsic bottleneck on instantaneous bandwidth of atomic receiver, we invoke a non-uniform stepped-frequency synthesis strategy combining coarse laser frequency tuning with fine AC-Stark shift compensation. Additionally, we establish a nonlinear response model of the Rydberg atomic homodyne receiver and propose a customized nonlinear compensation method that extends the linear dynamic range by over 7 dB. We develop a compressive sensing algorithm (CS-Rydberg) to suppress noise and mitigate the undersampling problem. Experimentally, we demonstrate a compact prototype achieving centimeter-level ranging precision (RMSE = 1.06 cm) within 1.6-1.9 m. By synthesizing GHz-bandwidth (2.6-3.6 GHz), resolvable target separations down to 15 cm are observed under controlled sparse scenarios. These results not only validate the feasibility of quantum sensing based on Rydberg atomic receivers but also underscore the architecture's inherent scalability: by harnessing the atoms' ultra-broad spectral response, the synthesized bandwidth can be extended well beyond the current range, enabling sub-centimeter resolution in future radar systems while preserving quantum-traceable calibration and a highly simplified front end.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2025

Rydberg Atomic Receivers for Multi-Band Communications and Sensing

Harnessing multi-level electron transitions, Rydberg Atomic REceivers (RAREs) can detect wireless signals across a wide range of frequency bands, from Megahertz to Terahertz. This capability enables multi-band wireless communications and sensing (CommunSense). Existing research on multi-band RAREs primarily focuses on experimental demonstrations, lacking a tractable model to mathematically characterize their mechanisms. This issue leaves the multi-band RARE as a black box and poses challenges in its practical applications. To fill in this gap, this paper investigates the underlying mechanism of multiband RAREs and explores their optimal performance. For the first time, an analytical transfer function with a closed-form expression for multi-band RAREs is derived by solving the quantum response of Rydberg atoms. It shows that a multiband RARE simultaneously serves as a multi-band atomic mixer for down-converting multi-band signals and a multi-band atomic amplifier that reflects its sensitivity to each band. Further analysis of the atomic amplifier unveils that the intrinsic gain at each frequency band can be decoupled into a global gain term and a Rabi attention term. The former determines the overall sensitivity of a RARE to all frequency bands of wireless signals. The latter influences the allocation of the overall sensitivity to each frequency band, representing a unique attention mechanism of multi-band RAREs. The optimal design of the global gain is provided to maximize the overall sensitivity of multi-band RAREs. Subsequently, the optimal Rabi attentions are also derived to maximize the practical multi-band CommunSense performance. An experiment platform is built to validate the effectiveness of the derived transfer function, and numerical results confirm the superiority of multi-band RAREs.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2025

Calibration-free Rydberg Atomic Receiver for Sub-MHz Wireless Communications and Sensing

The exploitation of sub-MHz (\textless 1 MHz) can be beneficial for a plethora of applications like underwater vehicular communication, subsurface exploration, low-frequency navigation etc. The traditional electrical receivers in this band are either hundreds of meters long or, when miniaturized, inefficient and bandwidth-limited, making them inapplicable for practical underwater implementations. Such obstacles can be circumvented by the emerging Rydberg atomic receiving technology, which is capable of detecting fields from DC up to the terahertz regime with compact structure. Against this background, we propose a method to detect sub-MHz electric fields without further calibration. Specifically, a physics-based model of the combined DC and AC-Stark response is established. Based on the model, we modulate the DC-Stark spectrum with the received signal and extract its amplitude by fitting the cycle-averaged, symmetric Stark-split peaks. Then we map this swing directly to the intrinsic atomic polarizability. By such operations, the proposed method can remove the dependence on electrode spacing or field-amplitude references. For performance evaluation, six-level Lindblad simulations and experiments are conducted at a low-frequency field of 30 kHz demonstrate a minimum detectable field of 5.3 \text{mV}/\text{cm}, with stable readout across practical optical-power variations. The approach manages to expand operating range of Rydberg atomic receivers below 1 MHz, and enables compact, calibration-free quantum front ends for underwater and subsurface receivers.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

Enhancing Emergency Decision-making with Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models

Emergency management urgently requires comprehensive knowledge while having a high possibility to go beyond individuals' cognitive scope. Therefore, artificial intelligence(AI) supported decision-making under that circumstance is of vital importance. Recent emerging large language models (LLM) provide a new direction for enhancing targeted machine intelligence. However, the utilization of LLM directly would inevitably introduce unreliable output for its inherent issue of hallucination and poor reasoning skills. In this work, we develop a system called Enhancing Emergency decision-making with Knowledge Graph and LLM (E-KELL), which provides evidence-based decision-making in various emergency stages. The study constructs a structured emergency knowledge graph and guides LLMs to reason over it via a prompt chain. In real-world evaluations, E-KELL receives scores of 9.06, 9.09, 9.03, and 9.09 in comprehensibility, accuracy, conciseness, and instructiveness from a group of emergency commanders and firefighters, demonstrating a significant improvement across various situations compared to baseline models. This work introduces a novel approach to providing reliable emergency decision support.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2021

Unveiling personnel movement in a larger indoor area with a non-overlapping multi-camera system

Surveillance cameras are widely applied for indoor occupancy measurement and human movement perception, which benefit for building energy management and social security. To address the challenges of limited view angle of single camera as well as lacking of inter-camera collaboration, this study presents a non-overlapping multi-camera system to enlarge the surveillance area and devotes to retrieve the same person appeared from different camera views. The system is deployed in an office building and four-day videos are collected. By training a deep convolutional neural network, the proposed system first extracts the appearance feature embeddings of each personal image, which detected from different cameras, for similarity comparison. Then, a stochastic inter-camera transition matrix is associated with appearance feature for further improving the person re-identification ranking results. Finally, a noise-suppression explanation is given for analyzing the matching improvements. This paper expands the scope of indoor movement perception based on non-overlapping multiple cameras and improves the accuracy of pedestrian re-identification without introducing additional types of sensors.

cs.CV↗