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Mitsuhiro Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to Mitsuhiro Nishida.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Krylov complexity in the IP matrix model

The IP matrix model is a simple large $N$ quantum mechanical model made up of an adjoint harmonic oscillator plus a fundamental harmonic oscillator. It is a model introduced previously as a toy model of the gauge theory dual of an AdS black hole. In the large $N$ limit, one can solve the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the fundamental correlator, and at sufficiently high temperature, this model shows key signatures of thermalization and information loss; the correlator decay exponentially in time, and the spectral density becomes continuous and gapless. We study the Lanczos coefficients $b_n$ in this model and at sufficiently high temperature, it grows linearly in $n$ with logarithmic corrections, which is one of the fastest growth under certain conditions. As a result, the Krylov complexity grows exponentially in time as $\sim \exp\left({\cal{O}{\left(\sqrt{t}\right) }}\right)$. These results indicate that the IP model at sufficiently high temperature is chaotic.

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Embedding bifurcations into pneumatic artificial muscle

Harnessing complex body dynamics has been a long-standing challenge in robotics. Soft body dynamics is a typical example of high complexity in interacting with the environment. An increasing number of studies have reported that these dynamics can be used as a computational resource. This includes the McKibben pneumatic artificial muscle, which is a typical soft actuator. This study demonstrated that various dynamics, including periodic and chaotic dynamics, could be embedded into the pneumatic artificial muscle, with the entire bifurcation structure using the framework of physical reservoir computing. These results suggest that dynamics that are not presented in training data could be embedded by using this capability of bifurcation embeddment. This implies that it is possible to embed various qualitatively different patterns into pneumatic artificial muscle by learning specific patterns, without the need to design and learn all patterns required for the purpose. Thus, this study sheds new light on a novel pathway to simplify the robotic devices and training of the control by reducing the external pattern generators and the amount and types of training data for the control.

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Renormalization group flow to effective quantum mechanics at IR in an emergent dual holographic description for spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking

Implementing the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) transformation in a nonperturbative way, we construct an effective holographic dual description with an emergent extradimension identified with an RG scale. Taking the large$-N$ limit, we obtain an equation of motion of an order-parameter field, here the chiral condensate for our explicit demonstration. In particular, an intertwined structure manifests between the first-order RG flow equations of renormalized coupling functions and the second-order differential equation of the order-parameter field, thus referred to as a nonperturbative RG-improved mean-field theory. Assuming translational symmetry as a vacuum state, we solve these nonlinear coupled mean-field equations based on a matching method between UV- and IR-regional solutions. As a result, we find an RG flow from a weakly-coupled chiral-symmetric UV fixed point to a strongly-correlated chiral-symmetry broken IR fixed point, where the renormalized velocity of Dirac fermions vanishes most rapidly and effective quantum mechanics appears at IR. Furthermore, we translate these RG flows of coupling functions into those of emergent metric tensors and extract out geometrical properties of the emergent holographic spacetime constructed from the UV- and IR-regional solutions. Surprisingly, we obtain the volume law of entanglement entropy in the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, which implies appearance of a black hole type solution in the limit of infinite cutoff even at zero temperature. We critically discuss our field theoretic interpretation for this solution in terms of potentially gapless multi-particle excitation spectra.

hep-th↗

Scaling exponents of Mellin amplitudes for deriving bounds on flat space S-matrices from bounds on chaos

We study an inequality between a scaling exponent $A$ in the Regge limit of tree-level flat space S-matrices with external massless scalars and another scaling exponent $A'$ in the Regge limit of the corresponding four-point scalar conformal correlators by using scaling exponents of Mellin amplitudes. We derive $A'\ge A$, which leads to the Regge growth bound of tree-level flat space S-matrices from the chaos bound in the flat space limit of the AdS/CFT correspondence, from polynomial boundedness of the Mellin amplitudes for local bulk descriptions. We also show $A'=A$ from the conformal block expansion in the $t$-channel with finite intermediate spins when coefficients are not small in the flat space limit.

hep-th↗

Construction of bulk solutions for towers of pole-skipping points

The pole-skipping phenomenon has been proposed as a connection between chaotic properties of black hole geometries and special points where regular solutions of linearized Einstein equations at horizons have extra free parameters. In this work, we pursue the special points in the near-horizon analysis of integer spin-$\ell$ fields on the Rindler-AdS black hole. We construct linear combinations of field components to simplify coupled equations of massive fields and investigate towers of the special points along with imaginary Matsubara frequencies $iω=2π(n+1-\ell)T$ with a non-negative integer $n$ and the Hawking temperature $T$. We also propose that integrals of spin-$\ell$ bulk propagators over horizons of static black holes capture behaviors at the special points, which are generalizations of integrals of graviton propagators for shock wave geometries. Their interpretation is provided in terms of four-point amplitudes with the spin-$\ell$ exchange.

hep-th↗

Regge conformal blocks from the Rindler-AdS black hole and the pole-skipping phenomena

We study a holographic construction of conformal blocks in the Regge limit of four-point scalar correlation functions by using coordinates of the two-sided Rindler-AdS black hole. As a generalization of geodesic Witten diagrams, we construct diagrams with four external scalar fields in the Rindler-AdS black hole by integrating over two half-geodesics between the centers of Penrose diagrams and points at the AdS boundary. We demonstrate that late-time behaviors of the diagrams coincide with the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks. We also point out their relevance with the pole-skipping phenomena by showing that the near-horizon analysis of symmetric traceless fields with any integer spin in the Rindler-AdS black hole can capture the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks.

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Holographic scalar and vector exchange in OTOCs and pole-skipping phenomena

We study scalar and vector exchange terms in out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) holographically. By applying a computational method in graviton exchange, we analyze exponential behaviors in scalar and vector exchange terms at late times. We show that their exponential behaviors in simple holographic models are related to pole-skipping points obtained from the near-horizon equations of motion of scalar and vector fields. Our results are generalizations of the relation between the graviton exchange effect in OTOCs and the pole-skipping phenomena of the dual operator, to scalar and vector fields.

hep-th↗

Pole-skipping of scalar and vector fields in hyperbolic space: conformal blocks and holography

Motivated by the recent connection between pole-skipping phenomena of two point functions and four point out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), we study the pole structure of thermal two-point functions in $d$-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) in hyperbolic space. We derive the pole-skipping points of two-point functions of scalar and vector fields by three methods (one field theoretic and two holographic methods) and confirm that they agree. We show that the leading pole-skipping point of two point functions is related with the late time behavior of conformal blocks and shadow conformal blocks in four-point OTOCs.

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Classifying pole-skipping points

We clarify general mathematical and physical properties of pole-skipping points. For this purpose, we analyse scalar and vector fields in hyperbolic space. This setup is chosen because it is simple enough to allow us to obtain analytical expressions for the Green's function and check everything explicitly, while it contains all the essential features of pole-skipping points. We classify pole-skipping points in three types (type-I, II, III). Type-I and Type-II are distinguished by the (limiting) behavior of the Green's function near the pole-skipping points. Type-III can arise at non-integer $iω$ values, which is due to a specific UV condition, contrary to the types I and II, which are related to a non-unique near-horizon boundary condition. We also clarify the relation between the pole-skipping structure of the Green's function and the near-horizon analysis. We point out that there are subtle cases where the near-horizon analysis alone may not be able to capture the existence and properties of the pole-skipping points.

hep-th↗

Entanglement and Rényi Entropy of Multiple Intervals in $T\overline{T}$-Deformed CFT and Holography

We study the entanglement entropy (EE) and the Rényi entropy (RE) of multiple intervals in two-dimensional $T\overline{T}$-deformed conformal field theory (CFT) at finite temperature by field theoretic and holographic methods. First, by the replica method with the twist operators, we construct the general formula of the RE and EE up to the first order of a deformation parameter. By using our general formula, we show that the EE of multiple intervals for a holographic CFT is just a summation of the single interval case even with the small deformation. This is a non-trivial consequence from the field theory perspective, though it may be expected by the Ryu-Takayanagi formula in holography. However, the deformed RE of the two intervals is a summation of the single interval case only if the separations between the intervals are big enough. It can be understood by the tension of the cosmic branes dual to the RE. We also study the holographic EE for single and two intervals with an arbitrary cut-off radius (dual to the $T\overline{T}$ deformation) at any temperature. We confirm our holographic results agree with the field theory results with a small deformation and high temperature limit, as expected. For two intervals, there are two configurations for EE: disconnected ($s$-channel) and connected ($t$-channel) ones. We investigate the phase transition between them as we change parameters: as the deformation or temperature increases the phase transition is suppressed and the disconnected phase is more favored.

hep-th↗

Reflected Entropy and Entanglement Wedge Cross Section with the First Order Correction

We study the holographic duality between the reflected entropy and the entanglement wedge cross section with the first order correction. In the field theory side, we consider the reflected entropy for $ρ_{AB}^m$, where $ρ_{AB}$ is the reduced density matrix for two intervals in the ground state. The reflected entropy in the 2d holographic conformal field theories is computed perturbatively up to the first order in $m-1$ by using the semiclassical conformal block. In the gravity side, we compute the entanglement wedge cross section in the backreacted geometry by cosmic branes with tension $T_m$ which are anchored at the AdS boundary. Comparing both results we find a perfect agreement, showing the duality works with the first order correction in $m-1$.

hep-th↗

Entanglement after Quantum Quenches in Lifshitz Scalar Theories

We study the time evolution of the entanglement entropy after quantum quenches in Lifshitz free scalar theories, with the dynamical exponent $z>1$, by using the correlator method. For quantum quenches we consider two types of time-dependent mass functions: end-critical-protocol (ECP) and cis-critical-protocol (CCP). In both cases, at early times the entanglement entropy is independent of the subsystem size. After a critical time ($t_c$), the entanglement entropy starts depending on the subsystem size significantly. This critical time $t_c$ for $z = 1$ in the fast ECP and CCP has been explained well by the fast quasi-particle of the quasi-particle picture. However, we find that for $z > 1$ this explanation does not work and $t_c$ is delayed. We explain why $t_c$ is delayed for $z>1$ based on the quasiparticle picture: in essence, it is due to the competition between the fast and slow quasiparticles. At late times, in the ECP, the entanglement entropy slowly increases while, in the CCP, it is oscillating with a well defined period by the final mass scale, independently of $z$. We give an interpretation of this phenomena by the correlator method. As $z$ increases, the entanglement entropy increases, which can be understood by long-range interactions due to $z$.

hep-th↗

Dynamics of logarithmic negativity and mutual information in smooth quenches

In this paper, we study how quantum correlation between subsystems changes in time by investigating time evolution of mutual information and logarithmic negativity in two protocols of mass quench. Hamiltonian in both protocols is for 2-dimensional free scalar theory with time-dependent mass: the mass in one case decreases monotonically and vanishes asymptotically (ECP), and that in the other decreases monotonically before t = 0, but increases monotonically afterward, and becomes constant asymptotically (CCP). We study the time evolution of the quantum correlations under those protocols in two different limits of the mass quench; fast limit and slow limit depending on the speed with which the mass is changed. We obtain the following two results: (1) For the ECP, we find that the time evolution of logarithmic negativity is, when the distance between the two subsystems is large enough, well-interpreted in terms of the propagation of relativistic particles created at a time determined by the limit of the quench we take. On the other hand, the evolution of mutual information in the ECP depends not only on the relativistic particles but also on slowly-moving particles. (2) For the CCP, both logarithmic negativity and mutual information oscillate in time after the quench. When the subsystems are well-separated, the oscillation of the quantum correlations in the fast limit is suppressed, and the time evolution looks similar to that under the ECP in the fast limit.

hep-th↗

Fermions in Geodesic Witten Diagrams

We develop the embedding formalism for odd dimensional Dirac spinors in AdS and apply it to the (geodesic) Witten diagrams including fermionic degrees of freedom. We first show that the geodesic Witten diagram (GWD) with fermion exchange is equivalent to the conformal partial waves associated with the spin one-half primary field. Then, we explicitly demonstrate the GWD decomposition of the Witten diagram including the fermion exchange with the aid of the split representation. The geodesic representation of CPW indeed gives the useful basis for computing the Witten diagrams.

hep-th↗

Entanglement Spreading and Oscillation

We study dynamics of quantum entanglement in smooth global quenches with a finite rate, by computing the time evolution of entanglement entropy in 1 + 1 dimensional free scalar theory with time-dependent masses which start from a nonzero value at early time and either crosses or approaches zero. The time-dependence is chosen so that the quantum dynamics is exactly solvable. If the quenches asymptotically approach a critical point at late time, the early-time and late-time entropies are proportional to the time and subsystem size respectively. Their proportionality coefficients are determined by scales: in a fast limit, an initial correlation length; in a slow limit, an effective scale defined when adiabaticity breaks down. If the quenches cross a critical point, the time evolution of entropy is characterized by the scales: the initial correlation length in the fast limit and the effective correlation length in the slow limit. The entropy oscillates, and the entanglement oscillation comes from a coherence between right-moving and left-moving waves if we measure the entropy after time characterized by the quench rate. The periodicity of the late-time oscillation is consistent with the periodicity of the oscillation of zero modes which are zero-momentum spectra of two point functions of a fundamental field and its conjugate momentum.

hep-th↗

Geodesic Witten diagrams with an external spinning field

We explore AdS/CFT correspondence between geodesic Witten diagrams and conformal blocks (conformal partial waves) with an external symmetric traceless tensor field. We derive an expression for the conformal partial wave with an external spin-1 field and show that this expression is equivalent to the amplitude of the geodesic Witten diagram. We also show the equivalence by using conformal Casimir equation in embedding formalism. Furthermore, we extend the construction of the amplitude of the geodesic Witten diagram to an external arbitrary symmetric traceless tensor field. We show our construction agrees with the known result of the conformal partial waves.

hep-th↗

Chiral Ground States in a Frustrated Holographic Superconductor

Frustration is an important phenomenon in condensed matter physics because it can introduce a new order parameter such as chirality. Towards understanding a mechanism of the frustration in strongly correlated systems, we study a holographic superconductor model with three scalar fields and an interband Josephson coupling, which is important for the frustration. We analyze free energy of solutions of the model to determine ground states. We find chiral ground states, which have nonzero chirality.

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Universal turbulence on branes in holography

At a meson melting transition in holographic QCD, a weak turbulence of mesons was found with critical embeddings of probe D-branes in gravity duals. The turbulent mesons have a power-law energy distribution $\varepsilon_n \propto (ω_n)^α$ where $ω_n$ is the mass of the $n$-th excited resonance of the meson tower. In this paper, we find that the turbulence power $α$ is universal, irrespective of how the transition is driven, by numerically calculating the power in various static brane setups at criticality. We also find that the power $α$ depends only on the cone dimensions of the probe D-branes.

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