arXiv subjects

Mladen Kotur

Publications and source records attributed to Mladen Kotur.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Resonant cooling of nuclear spins by optically-oriented holes in MAPbI$_3$ perovskite crystals

Resonant cooling of nuclear spins by photogenerated spin-oriented holes is demonstrated for MAPbI$_3$ perovskite crystals. It is evidenced by Hanle-effect measurements under helicity-modulated excitation with variable frequency. The resonance position in magnetic field shifts toward higher fields with increasing modulation frequency. The invariance of the Hanle curve upon in-plane sample rotation is consistent with the involvement of $^{207}$Pb nuclei with spin $I = 1/2$, which do not exhibit quadrupolar splitting. The shape of the resonance feature in the Hanle curve reveals that the nuclear spins are cooled by carriers with a negative $g$-factor, consistent with holes. The resonance fields associated with the modulation frequencies exceed the half-width of the weakly localized hole contribution to the Hanle curve, indicating that strongly localized holes are the primary carriers responsible for the nuclear spin cooling.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2026

Hyperfine interaction of electrons and holes with nuclei probed by optical orientation in MAPbI$_3$ perovskite crystals

Optical orientation of electron and hole spins by circularly polarized light is investigated for MAPbI$_3$ single crystals. The Hanle and polarization recovery effects measured in transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields, respectively, evidence the hyperfine interaction with nuclear spins as the main factor determining the spin dynamics of charge carriers at cryogenic temperatures. The parameters of the nuclear spin fluctuations within the carrier localization volume are evaluated. Dynamic polarization of the nuclear spins is demonstrated by the Overhauser field reaching 5 mT for acting on the electrons and -30 mT for acting on the holes.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2026

Magnetoluminescence of ZnMnSe/BeMnTe heterostructures with type-II band alignment at millikelvin temperatures

The magneto-optical properties of a Zn$_{0.99}$Mn$_{0.01}$Se/Be$_{0.93}$Mn$_{0.07} $Te diluted magnetic semiconductor heterostructure with type-II band alignment are investigated at cryogenic temperatures down to 16 mK. The temperature of the Mn spin system, which at the lowest possible laser power reaches 270 mK, is evaluated from the giant Zeeman splitting of the direct exciton in the Zn$_{0.99}$Mn$_{0.01}$Se layers subject to an external magnetic field. The degree of circular polarization of the direct and indirect optical transitions, induced by the magnetic field, is a sensitive indicator for the laser heating of the Mn spin system. Evidence of spin glass formation in the Mn spin system of the Be$_{0.93}$Mn$_{0.07}$Te layers with the critical temperature of $T_{SG}=400$ mK is found.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2025

Dynamic polarization of nuclear spins by optically-oriented electrons and holes in lead halide perovskite semiconductors

A theory of dynamic polarization of the nuclear spin system via optically-oriented charge carriers in lead halide perovskites is developed and compared with the experiments performed on a FA$_{0.9}$Cs$_{0.1}$PbI$_{2.8}$Br$_{0.2}$ crystal. The spin Hamiltonians of the electron and hole hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spins of lead and halogen are derived. The hyperfine interaction of the halogen spins with charge carriers is shown to be anisotropic and depending on the position of the halogen nucleus in the cubic elementary cell. The quadrupole splitting is absent for the lead spins, but plays an important role for the halogen spins and affects their dynamic polarization by charge carriers. The Overhauser fields of the dynamically polarized nuclei are calculated as functions of the tilting angle of an external magnetic field and compared with the experimentally measured angular dependence of the Hanle effect. The comparison of the theoretical model with the experimental data reveals an enhanced spin polarization of the lead nuclei, whose mean spin exceeds several times the mean spins of localized electrons and holes. This unexpectedly strong spin polarization is explained by the interaction of the lead nuclei with excitons having a high degree of spin orientation due to their short lifetime after excitation by circularly-polarized light. The dynamic polarization of the quadrupole-split halogen spins manifests itself via the magnetic field they produce at the lead nuclei. This field maintains the magnetization of the lead nuclei at zero external magnetic field. The dynamics of the nuclear spin polarization is measured under optical pumping and in the dark, yielding a nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time on the order of 10 seconds.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2025

Optical orientation of excitons and charged carriers in MAPbI$_3$ perovskite single crystals in the orthorhombic phase

Optical orientation of exciton and carrier spins by circularly polarized light is the basic phenomenon in the spin physics of semiconductors. Here, we investigate spin orientation in MAPbI3 lead halide perovskite crystals at the cryogenic temperature of 1.6 K, where the material has an orthorhombic crystal structure. The recombination and spin dynamics of excitons and carriers are measured by time-resolved photoluminescence after circularly polarized excitation. The optical orientation of excitons reaches 85\%, which persists within their lifetime of 15-80 ps. This high orientation is maintained for excitation laser detunings from the exciton resonance to higher energies by up to 0.3 eV, then decreases and vanishes above 1.5 eV detuning. This indicates that the Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation mechanism based on inversion symmetry breaking is inactive in MAPbI3 crystals with orthorhombic symmetry. The optical orientation of localized and spatially-separated electrons and holes results in 40\% circular polarization of their emission. Their contributions can be identified from the complex spin beats dynamics in transverse magnetic field. The dynamics analysis gives values of the Landé g-factors of 2.83 for electrons and 0.54 for holes. Also, the magnetic-field-induced polarization of excitons and carriers is analyzed in magnetic fields up to 6 T, showing that their spin relaxation times are longer than their lifetimes. Namely, for the excitons, the spin relaxation time exceeds the lifetime by a factor of 6. We model the dynamics of optical orientation degree for cumulative contributions of excitons and carriers and show that the exciton recombination dynamics can control these dynamics. The polarized emission of excitons and localized carriers, produced by their polarization on Zeeman-split levels in magnetic fields, is modeled.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2024

Nuclear spin relaxation mediated by donor-bound and free electrons in wide CdTe quantum wells

The nuclear spin systems in CdTe/(Cd,Zn)Te and CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum wells (QW) are studied using a multistage technique combining optical pumping and Hanle effect-based detection. The samples demonstrate drastically different nuclear spin dynamics in zero and weak magnetic fields. In CdTe/(Cd,Zn)Te, the nuclear spin relaxation time is found to strongly increase with the magnetic field, growing from 3 s in zero field to tens of seconds in a field of 25 G. In CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te the relaxation is an order of magnitude slower, and it is field-independent up to at least 70 G. The differences are attributed to the nuclear spin relaxation being mediated by different kinds of resident electrons in these QWs. In CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te, a residual electron gas trapped in the QW largely determines the relaxation dynamics. In CdTe/(Cd,Zn)Te, the fast relaxation in zero field is due to interaction with localized donor-bound electrons. Nuclear spin diffusion barriers form around neutral donors when the external magnetic field exceeds the local nuclear field, which is about $B_L\approx$0.4 G in CdTe. This inhibits nuclear spin diffusion towards the donors, slowing down relaxation. These findings are supported by theoretical modeling. In particular, we show that the formation of the diffusion barrier is made possible by several features specific to CdTe: (i) the large donor binding energy (about 10 meV), (ii) the low abundance of magnetic isotopes (only $\approx$30 % of nuclei have nonzero spin), and (iii) the absence of nuclear quadrupole interactions between nuclei. The two latter properties are also favorable to nuclear spin cooling via optical pumping followed by adiabatic demagnetization. Under non-optimized conditions we have reached sub-microkelvin nuclear spin temperatures in both samples, lower than all previous results obtained in GaAs.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2024

Optical spin orientation of localized electrons and holes interacting with nuclei in an FA$_{0.9}$Cs$_{0.1}$PbI$_{2.8}$Br$_{0.2}$ perovskite crystal

Optical orientation of carrier spins by circularly polarized light is the basic concept and tool of spin physics in semiconductors. We study the optical orientation of electrons and holes in a crystal of the FA$_{0.9}$Cs$_{0.1}$PbI$_{2.8}$Br$_{0.2}$ lead halide perovskite by means of polarized photoluminescence, time-resolved differential reflectivity, and time-resolved Kerr rotation. At the cryogenic temperature of 1.6 K the optical orientation degree measured for continuous-wave excitaton reaches 6% for localized electrons and 2\% for localized holes. Their contributions are distinguished from each other and from exciton optical orientation through the pronounced Hanle effect in transverse magnetic fields and the polarization recovery effect in longitudinal magnetic fields. The optical orientation degree is highly stable against detuning of the laser photon energy from the band gap by up to 0.25 eV, showing then a gradual decrease for detunings up to 0.9 eV. This evidences the inefficiency of spin relaxation mechanisms for free carriers during their energy relaxation. Spin relaxation for localized electrons and holes is provided by the hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spins. Dynamic polarization of nuclear spins is demonstrated by the Overhauser field reaching 4 mT acting on the electrons and $-76$ mT acting on the holes. This confirms the specifics of lead halide perovskite semiconductors, where the hole hyperfine interaction with the nuclei considerably exceeds that of the electron.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

Giant optical orientation of exciton spins in lead halide perovskite crystals

Optical orientation of carrier spins by circularly polarized light is the basis of spin physics in semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate strong optical orientation of 85\%, approaching the ultimate limit of unity, for excitons in FA$_{0.9}$Cs$_{0.1}$PbI$_{2.8}$Br$_{0.2}$ lead halide perovskite bulk crystals. Time-resolved photoluminescence allows us to distinguish excitons with 60~ps lifetime from electron-hole recombination in the spin dynamics detected via coherent spin quantum beats in magnetic field. We reveal electron-hole spin correlations through linear polarization beats after circularly polarized excitation. Detuning of the excitation energy from the exciton resonance up to 0.5~eV does not reduce the optical orientation, evidencing clean chiral selection rules in agreement with atomistic calculations, and suppressed spin relaxation of electrons and holes even with large kinetic energies.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗