Physics-Informed Graph Neural Network for Inverse Design of Integrated Photonic Biosensors
Integrated photonic biosensors provide compact, highly sensitive, and label-free platforms for biochemical detection, making them attractive for on-chip and real-time sensing applications. However, their design remains challenging due to complex resonance behaviour, strong coupling effects, and the computational cost associated with repeated full-wave electromagnetic simulations. In particular, inverse design of microring resonator-based sensors requires accurate modelling of geometry-spectrum relationships while satisfying physical constraints such as resonance conditions and spectral sensitivity requirements. In this work, we propose a physics-informed graph neural network (PI-GNN) for the inverse design of a microring resonator biosensor operating in the 1550 nm band. By representing the photonic structure as a graph and embedding resonance-based physical constraints directly into the learning objective, the model captures both structural connectivity and underlying electromagnetic principles. The proposed approach enables efficient prediction of device geometries that achieve target spectral characteristics, reducing reliance on costly simulations while maintaining physical consistency and competitive design accuracy.