Wearable metasurfaces for boosting the effective area of mobile-device antennas
Wireless communications increasingly face scenarios with compact user equipments operating in propagation environments where signal blockage, absorption, and device size limitations strongly constrain link performance. Most approaches to wireless-link enhancement focus either on improving base-station antenna systems, for example, through massive MIMO architectures; on engineering the propagation environment using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and active relays. Here, we propose an alternative user-side strategy for improving wireless links based on wearable metasurfaces that enhance the effective antenna area of compact wireless devices. The proposed passive metasurface is integrated into clothing and engineered to collect the power of electromagnetic waves incident on user's body and route the collected power toward a mobile device in the form of surface waves. This mechanism significantly increases the effective receiving and transmitting area of the device antenna and its gain without external power sources, active control electronics, or additional stand-alone hardware. We implement the concept on a hoodie textile using a scalable screen-printing process with conductive silver ink and demonstrate an approximately tenfold enhancement of the received signal at 26 GHz. This passive approach effectively brings the human body into the communication network by turning clothing into a virtual thin and flexible lens for focusing the incident power on the user equipment.