arXiv subjects

Mohammad Nur Nobi

Publications and source records attributed to Mohammad Nur Nobi.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2023

Willingness to Pay to Prevent Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases Suffered by Slum Dwellers and Beneficiary Households: Evidence from Chittagong, Bangladesh

A significant proportion of slum residents offer vital services that are relied upon by wealthier urban residents. However, the lack of access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities causes considerable health risks for slum residents, leading to interruption in services and potential transmission of diseases to the beneficiaries. This study explores the willingness of the households benefitting from these services to contribute financially towards the measures that can mitigate the negative externalities of the diseases resulting from poor water and sanitation in slums. This study adopts the Contingent Valuation Method using face-to-face interviews with 260 service-receiving households in Chittagong City Corporation of Bangladesh. Estimating the logistic regression model, the findings indicate that 74 percent of respondents express their willingness to contribute financially towards an improvement of water and sanitation facilities in the slums. Within this group, 16 percent are willing to pay 1.88 USD/month, 18 percent prefer 3.86 USD/year, and 40 percent are willing to contribute a lump sum of 3.92 USD. The empirical findings suggest a significant influence of gender, college, and housemaids working hours in the households on respondents willingness to pay. For example, female respondents with a college degree and households with longer working hours of housemaids are more likely to contribute towards the improvement of the water and sanitation facilities in slums. Though the findings are statistically significant at a 5% level across different estimated models, the regression model exhibits a low goodness of fit.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2022

Estimating the Environmental Cost of Shrimp Farming in Coastal Areas of Chittagong and Coxs bazaar in Bangladesh

During the last three decades, shrimp has remained one of the major export items in Bangladesh. It contributes to the development of this country by enhancing export earnings and promoting employment. However, coastal wetlands and agricultural lands are used for shrimp culture, which reduces agricultural opportunity and peasants income, and destroys the mangroves and coastal eco-system. These are the external environmental costs that are not reflected in farmers price and output decisions. This study has aimed to estimate those external environmental costs through the contingent valuation method. The calculated environmental cost of shrimp farming is USD 13.66 per acre per year. Findings suggest that current shrimp production and shrimp price will no longer be optimal once the external costs are internalized. Thus alternative policy recommendations have been proposed so that shrimp farming becomes a sustainable and equitable means of aquaculture.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2022

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Kaptai Dam in Rangamati District, Chittagong, Bangladesh

This study aims to assess the net benefit of the kaptai dam on the Karnafuli river in Kaptai, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Kaptai Dam, the only hydroelectricity power source in Bangladesh, provides only 5% electricity demand of Bangladesh. The Dam is located on the Karnafuli River at Kaptai in Rangamati District, 65 km upstream from Chittagong. It is an earth-fill or embankment dam with a reservoir with a water storage capacity of 11,000 skm. Though the Dam's primary purpose is to generate electricity, it became a reservoir of water used for fishing and tourism. To find the net benefit value and estimate the environmental costs and benefits, we considered the environmental net benefit from 1962 to 1997. We identify the costs of Kaptai Dam, including its establishment cost, operational costs, the costs of lives that have been lost due to conflicts, and environmental costs, including loss of biodiversity, loss of land uses, and loss of human displacements. Also, we assess the benefits of electricity production, earnings from fisheries production, and gain from tourism to Kaptai Lake. The findings show that the Dam contributes tremendous value to Bangladesh. As a source of hydroelectricity, the Kaptai Dam is a source of clean energy, and its value might have been worthy of this Dam produced a significant portion of the electricity. However, providing less than 5% of the national demand for electricity followed by various external and sensitive costs, the Dam hardly contributes to the Bangladesh economy. This study thus recommends that Bangladesh should look for other sources of clean energy that have no chances of eco-political conflicts.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2022

Machine Learning in Access Control: A Taxonomy and Survey

An increasing body of work has recognized the importance of exploiting machine learning (ML) advancements to address the need for efficient automation in extracting access control attributes, policy mining, policy verification, access decisions, etc. In this work, we survey and summarize various ML approaches to solve different access control problems. We propose a novel taxonomy of the ML model's application in the access control domain. We highlight current limitations and open challenges such as lack of public real-world datasets, administration of ML-based access control systems, understanding a black-box ML model's decision, etc., and enumerate future research directions.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2022

Toward Deep Learning Based Access Control

A common trait of current access control approaches is the challenging need to engineer abstract and intuitive access control models. This entails designing access control information in the form of roles (RBAC), attributes (ABAC), or relationships (ReBAC) as the case may be, and subsequently, designing access control rules. This framework has its benefits but has significant limitations in the context of modern systems that are dynamic, complex, and large-scale, due to which it is difficult to maintain an accurate access control state in the system for a human administrator. This paper proposes Deep Learning Based Access Control (DLBAC) by leveraging significant advances in deep learning technology as a potential solution to this problem. We envision that DLBAC could complement and, in the long-term, has the potential to even replace, classical access control models with a neural network that reduces the burden of access control model engineering and updates. Without loss of generality, we conduct a thorough investigation of a candidate DLBAC model, called DLBAC_alpha, using both real-world and synthetic datasets. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach by addressing issues related to accuracy, generalization, and explainability. We also discuss challenges and future research directions.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2021

Economics of Innovation and Perceptions of Renewed Education and Curriculum Design in Bangladesh

The creative Education system is one of the effective education systems in many countries like Finland, Denmark, and South Korea. Bangladesh Government has also launched the creative curriculum system in 2009 in both primary and secondary levels, where changes have been made in educational contents and exam question patterns. These changes in the previous curriculum aimed to avoid memorization and less creativity and increase the students' level of understanding and critical thinking. Though the Government has taken these steps, the quality of the educational system in Bangladesh is still deteriorating. Since the curriculum has been changed recently, this policy issue got massive attention of the people because the problem of a substandard education system has arisen. Many students have poor performances in examinations, including entrance hall exams in universities and board examinations. This deteriorating situation is mostly for leakage of question paper, inadequate equipment and materials, and insufficient training. As a result, the existing education system has failed to provide the standard level of education. This research will discuss and find why this creative educational system is getting impacted by these factors. It will be qualitative research. A systematic questionnaire will interview different school teachers, parents, experts, and students.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2021

Economic valuation of tourism of the Sundarban Mangroves, Bangladesh

The Sundarban Reserve Forest (SRF) of Bangladesh provides tourism services to local and international visitors. Indeed, tourism is one of the major ecosystem services that this biodiversity-rich mangrove forest provides. Through a convenient sampling technique, 421 tourist respondents were interviewed to assess their willingness to pay for the tourism services of the Sundarban, using the Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM). The estimated annual economic contribution of tourism in the Sundarban mangroves to the Bangladesh economy is USD 53 million. The findings of this study showed that facilities for watching wildlife and walking inside the forest can increase the number of tourists in the SRF. The findings also show that the availability of information like forest maps, wildlife precautionary signs, and danger zones would increase the number of tourists as well. Thus, the government of Bangladesh should consider increasing visitor entry fees to fund improvements and to enhance the ecotourism potential of the Sundarban mangroves.

econ.GN↗