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Mohammud Foondun

Publications and source records attributed to Mohammud Foondun.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Moment bounds for a class of fractional stochastic heat equations

We consider fractional stochastic heat equations of the form $\frac{\partial u_t(x)}{\partial t} = -(-Δ)^{α/2} u_t(x)+λσ(u_t(x)) \dot F(t,\, x)$. Here $\dot F$ denotes the noise term. Under suitable assumptions, we show that the second moment of the solution grows exponentially with time. In particular, this answers an open problem in \cite{CoKh}. Along the way, we prove a number of other interesting properties which extend and complement results in \cite{foonjose}, \cite{Khoshnevisan:2013aa} and \cite{Khoshnevisan:2013ab}.

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Analysis of the gradient of the solution to a stochastic heat equation via fractional Brownian motion

Consider the stochastic partial differential equation $\partial_t u = Lu+σ(u)ξ$, where $ξ$ denotes space-time white noise and $L:=-(-Δ)^{α/2}$ denotes the fractional Laplace operator of index $α/2\in(\nicefrac12\,,1]$. We study the detailed behavior of the approximate spatial gradient $u_t(x)-u_t(x-\varepsilon)$ at fixed times $t>0$, as $\varepsilon\downarrow0$. We discuss a few applications of this work to the study of the sample functions of the solution to the KPZ equation as well.

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On some properties of a class of fractional stochastic heat equations

We consider nonlinear parabolic stochastic equations of the form $\partial_t u=\sL u + λσ(u)\dot ξ$ on the ball $B(0,\,R)$, where $\dot ξ$ denotes some Gaussian noise and $σ$ is Lipschitz continuous. Here $\sL$ corresponds to an $α$-stable process killed upon exiting $B(0, R)$. We will consider two types of noise; space-time white noise and spatially correlated noise. Under a linear growth condition on $σ$, we study growth properties of the second moment of the solutions.

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Mean Square Polynomial Stability of Numerical Solutions to a Class of Stochastic Differential Equations

The exponential stability of numerical methods to stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has been widely studied. In contrast, there are relatively few works on polynomial stability of numerical methods. In this letter, we address the question of reproducing the polynomial decay of a class of SDEs using the Euler--Maruyama method and the backward Euler--Maruyama method. The key technical contribution is based on various estimates involving the gamma function.

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Remarks on non-linear noise excitability of some stochastic heat equations

We consider nonlinear parabolic SPDEs of the form $\partial_t u=Δu + λσ(u)\dot w$ on the interval $(0, L)$, where $\dot w$ denotes space-time white noise, $σ$ is Lipschitz continuous. Under Dirichlet boundary conditions and a linear growth condition on $σ$, we show that the expected $L^2$-energy is of order $\exp[\text{const}\timesλ^4]$ as $λ\rightarrow \infty$. This significantly improves a recent result of Khoshnevisan and Kim. Our method is very different from theirs and it allows us to arrive at the same conclusion for the same equation but with Neumann boundary condition. This improves over another result of Khoshnevisan and Kim.

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On non-existence of global solutions to a class of stochastic heat equations

We consider nonlinear parabolic SPDEs of the form $\partial_t u=-(-Δ)^{α/2} u + b(u) +σ(u)\dot w$, where$\dot w$ denotes space-time white noise. The functions $b$ and $σ$ are both locally Lipschitz continuous. Under some suitable conditions on the parameters of these SPDEs, we show that the second moment of their solutions blow up in finite time. This complements recent works of Khoshnevisan and his coauthors; see for instance Foondun and Khoshnevisan (2009), Foondun and Khoshnevisan (to appear, 2012) and Conus, Joseph, and Khoshnevisan, as well as those of Chow (Chow, 2009, and Chow, 2011). Furthermore, upon comparing our stochastic equations with their deterministic counterparts, we find that our results indicates that the presence of noise might affect the occurrence of blow-up.

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An asymptotic theory for randomly forced discrete nonlinear heat equations

We study discrete nonlinear parabolic stochastic heat equations of the form, $u_{n+1}(x)-u_n(x)=(\mathcal {L}u_n)(x)+σ(u_n(x))ξ_n(x)$, for $n\in {\mathbf{Z}}_+$ and $x\in {\mathbf{Z}}^d$, where $\boldsymbol ξ:=\{ξ_n(x)\}_{n\ge 0,x\in {\mathbf{Z}}^d}$ denotes random forcing and $\mathcal {L}$ the generator of a random walk on ${\mathbf{Z}}^d$. Under mild conditions, we prove that the preceding stochastic PDE has a unique solution that grows at most exponentially in time. And that, under natural conditions, it is "weakly intermittent." Along the way, we establish a comparison principle as well as a finite support property.

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On the Stochastic Heat Equation with Spatially-Colored Random forcing

We consider the stochastic heat equation of the following form \frac{\partial}{\partial t}u_t(x) = (\sL u_t)(x) +b(u_t(x)) + σ(u_t(x))\dot{F}_t(x)\quad \text{for}t>0, x\in \R^d, where $\sL$ is the generator of a Lévy process and $\dot{F}$ is a spatially-colored, temporally white, gaussian noise. We will be concerned mainly with the long-term behavior of the mild solution to this stochastic PDE. For the most part, we work under the assumptions that the initial data $u_0$ is a bounded and measurable function and $σ$ is nonconstant and Lipschitz continuous. In this case, we find conditions under which the preceding stochastic PDE admits a unique solution which is also \emph{weakly intermittent}. In addition, we study the same equation in the case that $\mathcal{L}u$ is replaced by its massive/dispersive analogue $\mathcal{L}u-λu$ where $λ\in\R$. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to the case that the initial data $u_0$ is a measure rather than a function. As it turns out, the stochastic PDE in question does not have a mild solution in this case. We circumvent this problem by introducing a new concept of a solution that we call a \emph{temperate solution}, and proceed to investigate the existence and uniqueness of a temperate solution. We are able to also give partial insight into the long-time behavior of the temperate solution when it exists and is unique. Finally, we look at the linearized version of our stochastic PDE, that is the case when $σ$ is identically equal to one [any other constant works also].In this case, we study not only the existence and uniqueness of a solution, but also the regularity of the solution when it exists and is unique.

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Dynkin's isomorphism theorem and the stochastic heat equation

Consider the stochastic heat equation $\partial_t u = \sL u + \dot{W}$, where $\sL$ is the generator of a [Borel right] Markov process in duality. We show that the solution is locally mutually absolutely continuous with respect to a smooth perturbation of the Gaussian process that is associated, via Dynkin's isomorphism theorem, to the local times of the replica-symmetric process that corresponds to $\sL$.In the case that $\sL$ is the generator of a Lévy process on $\R^d$, our result gives a probabilistic explanation of the recent findings of Foondun et al.

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Heat kernel estimates and Harnack inequalities for some Dirichlet forms with non-local part

We consider the Dirichlet form given by \sE(f,f)&=&{1/2}\int_{\bR^d}\sum_{i,j=1}^d a_{ij}(x)\frac{\partial f(x)}{\partial x_i} \frac{\partial f(x)}{\partial x_j} dx &+&\int_{\bR^d\times \bR^d} (f(y)-f(x))^2J(x,y)dxdy. Under the assumption that the $\{a_{ij}\}$ are symmetric and uniformly elliptic and with suitable conditions on $J$, the nonlocal part, we obtain upper and lower bounds on the heat kernel of the Dirichlet form. We also prove a Harnack inequality and a regularity theorem for functions that are harmonic with respect to $\sE$.

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On the global maximum of the solution to a stochastic heat equation with compact-support initial data

Consider a stochastic heat equation $\partial_t u = κ\partial^2_{xx}u+σ(u)\dot{w}$ for a space-time white noise $\dot{w}$ and a constant $κ>0$. Under some suitable conditions on the the initial function $u_0$ and $σ$, we show that the quantity \limsup_{t\to\infty}t^{-1}\ln\E(\sup_{x\in\R} |u_t(x)|^2) is bounded away from zero and infinity by explicit multiples of $1/κ$. Our proof works by demonstrating quantitatively that the peaks of the stochastic process $x\mapsto u_t(x)$ are highly concentrated for infinitely-many large values of $t$. In the special case of the parabolic Anderson model--where $σ(u)= λu$ for some $λ>0$--this "peaking" is a way to make precise the notion of physical intermittency.

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Harmonic functions for a class of integro-differential operators

We consider the operator $\sL$ defined on $C^2(\bR^d)$ functions by \sL f(x)&=&{1/2}\sum_{i,j=1}^d a_{ij}(x)\frac{\partial^2f(x)}{\partial x_i\partial x_j}+\sum_{i=1}^d b_i(x)\frac{\partial f(x)}{\partial x_i} &+&\int_{\bR^d\backslash\{0\}}[f(x+h)-f(x)-1_{(|h|\leq1)}h\cdot \grad f(x)]n(x,h)dh. Under the assumption that the local part of the operator is uniformly elliptic and with suitable conditions on $n(x,h)$, we establish a Harnack inequality for functions that are nonnegative in $\bR^d$ and harmonic in a domain. We also show that the Harnack inequality can fail without suitable conditions on $n(x,h)$. A regularity theorem for those nonnegative harmonic functions is also proved

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Intermittence and nonlinear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations

We consider nonlinear parabolic SPDEs of the form $\partial_t u=\sL u + σ(u)\dot w$, where $\dot w$ denotes space-time white noise, $σ:\R\to\R$ is [globally] Lipschitz continuous, and $\sL$ is the $L^2$-generator of a Lévy process. We present precise criteria for existence as well as uniqueness of solutions. More significantly, we prove that these solutions grow in time with at most a precise exponential rate. We establish also that when $σ$ is globally Lipschitz and asymptotically sublinear, the solution to the nonlinear heat equation is ``weakly intermittent,'' provided that the symmetrization of $\sL$ is recurrent and the initial data is sufficiently large. Among other things, our results lead to general formulas for the upper second-moment Liapounov exponent of the parabolic Anderson model for $\sL$ in dimension $(1+1)$. When $\sL=κ\partial_{xx}$ for $κ>0$, these formulas agree with the earlier results of statistical physics \cite{Kardar,KrugSpohn,LL63}, and also probability theory \cite{BC,CM94} in the two exactly-solvable cases where $u_0=δ_0$ and $u_0\equiv 1$.

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A Local time correspondence for stochastic partial differential equations

It is frequently the case that a white-noise-driven parabolic and/or hyperbolic stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) can have random-field solutions only in spatial dimension one. Here we show that in many cases, where the ``spatial operator'' is the L^2-generator of a Lévy process X, a linear SPDE has a random-field solution if and only if the symmetrization of X possesses local times. This result gives a probabilistic reason for the lack of existence of random-field solutions in dimensions strictly bigger than one. In addition, we prove that the solution to the SPDE is [Hölder] continuous in its spatial variable if and only if the said local time is [Hölder] continuous in its spatial variable. We also produce examples where the random-field solution exists, but is almost surely unbounded in every open subset of space-time. Our results are based on first establishing a quasi-isometry between the linear L^2-space of the weak solutions of a family of linear SPDEs, on one hand, and the Dirichlet space generated by the symmetrization of X, on the other hand. We study mainly linear equations in order to present the local-time correspondence at a modest technical level. However, some of our work has consequences for nonlinear SPDEs as well. We demonstrate this assertion by studying a family of parabolic SPDEs that have additive nonlinearities. For those equations we prove that if the linearized problem has a random-field solution, then so does the nonlinear SPDE. Moreover, the solution to the linearized equation is [Hölder] continuous if and only if the solution to the nonlinear equation is. And the solutions are bounded and unbounded together as well. Finally, we prove that in the cases that the solutions are unbounded, they almost surely blow up at exactly the same points.

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