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Mojtaba Najafizadeh

Publications and source records attributed to Mojtaba Najafizadeh.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

Post-Carroll Algebra, Conformal Extensions, and Field Theories

By incorporating leading $c\,$-dependent corrections to the Carroll transformations, we introduce the ``post-Carroll transformations''. We demonstrate that these transformations are consistent with post-Carrollian mechanics \cite{Najafizadeh:2025ksm}; furthermore, they give rise to the so-called ``post-Carroll algebra''. We show that, unlike the Carroll algebra, this new structure allows for a central charge in higher dimensions; we refer to it as the ``Carroll-Bargmann algebra''. To construct conformal extensions, we first build the conformal extension of the post-Carroll algebra and study field theories invariant under this symmetry. We then construct the conformal extension of the Carroll-Bargmann algebra, referred to as the ``Carroll-Schrödinger algebra'', and demonstrate that it precisely matches the symmetry algebra of the higher-dimensional Carroll-Schrödinger theory \cite{Najafizadeh:2024imn}. Finally, we derive the general form of two-point functions in a post-Carrollian CFT, which in $1+1$ dimensions exhibits both electric and magnetic sectors, while in higher dimensions only the magnetic sector survives.

hep-th

Post-Carrollian Mechanics, Ideal Gas, and Gravity

Energy and momentum in Newtonian mechanics have the familiar relations, ($\mathrm{E}=mv^2/2$) and ($\mathbf{P}=m\mathbf{v}$), derived from the non-relativistic limit of special relativity. In this study, we find the corresponding relations to formulate the so-called ``post-Carrollian mechanics'' by applying the ultra-relativistic limit to tachyon theory, resulting in ($\mathrm{E}={m\,c^{\,3}}/{v}$) and ($\mathbf{P}=\mathbf{\hat{v}}\,{m\,c^{\,3}}/{2\,v^{\,2}}$). Using these, we determine the energy-momentum relation and investigate the thermodynamics of an ideal gas composed of post-Carroll particles. Moreover, by applying the ultra-relativistic limit to Einstein's equations coupled to tachyon dust, we find the post-Carrollian gravitational potential. Finally, utilizing the geodesic equation, we determine the post-Carrollian gravitational field, which unlike the Newtonian case is found to be radially outward.

physics.gen-ph

Classification of Conformal Carroll Algebras

We classify a one-parameter family, $\mathfrak{confcarr}_z(d+1)$, of conformal extensions of the Carroll algebra in arbitrary dimension with $z$ being the anisotropic scaling exponent. We further obtain their infinite-dimensional extensions, $\widetilde{\mathfrak{confcarr}}_z(d+1)$, and discuss their corresponding finite-dimensional truncated subalgebras when the scaling exponent is integer or half-integer. For all these conformal extensions, we also constrain the 2-point and 3-point correlation functions with electric and/or magnetic features.

hep-th

Carroll-Schrödinger Equation

The Poincaré symmetry can be contracted in two ways to yield the Galilei symmetry and the Carroll symmetry. The well-known Schrödinger equation exhibits the Galilei symmetry and is a fundamental equation in Galilean quantum mechanics. However, the question remains: what is the quantum equation that corresponds to the Carroll symmetry? In this paper, we derive a novel equation in two dimensions, called the ``Carroll-Schrödinger equation'', which describes the quantum dynamics in the Carrollian framework. We also construct the so-called ``Carroll-Schrödinger algebra'' in two dimensions, which is a conformal extension of the centrally extended Carroll algebra with a dynamical exponent of $z=1/2$. We demonstrate that this algebra is the symmetry algebra of the Carroll-Schrödinger field theory. Moreover, we apply the method of canonical quantization to the theory and utilize it to compute the transition amplitude. Finally, we discuss higher dimensions and identify the so-called ``generalized Carroll-Schrödinger equation''.

hep-th

Super-Carrollian and Super-Galilean Field Theories

The exploration of scalar field theories that exhibit Carroll and Galilei symmetries has attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we generalize these studies to fermionic field theories and construct consistent electric and magnetic descriptions of Carrollian and Galilean spin $\tfrac{1}{2}$ fermions. We showcase various methods that offer complementary perspectives into the limiting process of the underlying relativistic theories. Moreover, we extend our study to $\mathcal{N}=1$ off-shell supersymmetric field theories in four dimensions. By introducing suitable Grassmann-analyticity conditions, we formulate the corresponding super-Carrollian and super-Galilean theories. These theories combine the established Carroll/Galilei scalars with the Carroll/Galilei fermions and a range of auxiliary fields into supermultiplets.

hep-th

Massive to Massless by Applying a Nonlocal Field Redefinition

The invariance of physical observables like particle's mass under a local field redefinition is a well-known and important property of quantum field theory. In this paper, on the other hand, we investigate nonlocal field redefinitions eliminating a physical observable from a theory. Indeed, by giving explicit examples, we present invertible nonlocal field redefinitions reducing a massive theory to the massless one, and vice versa. The studied examples are: classical harmonic oscillator, the scalar field theory, and the Dirac field theory.

hep-th

Off-shell Supersymmetric Continuous Spin Gauge Theory

We construct, for the first time, an off-shell supersymmetric continuous spin gauge theory in 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, in both constrained and unconstrained Lagrangian formulations. As an extension to the on-shell description [1], we employ an auxiliary field to close the algebra of supersymmetry transformations off-shell. The 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ massless continuous spin supermultiplet is then denoted by $(\mathrmΦ, \mathrm{H} \,; \mathrmΨ)$, comprised of a dynamical and a non-dynamical complex scalar continuous spin gauge fields $\mathrmΦ$ and $\mathrm{H}$, as well as a Dirac continuous spin gauge field $\mathrmΨ$. In particular, we demonstrate that the off-shell continuous spin supermultiplet, in a limit, reproduces off-shell supersymmetry transformations of the known scalar supermultiplet $(\,{\scriptstyle 0}\,,\, {\scriptstyle 1/2}\,)$, all integer-spin supermultiplets $(\,s\,,\, s\, {\scriptstyle +\, 1/2}\,),\, s\geqslant1$, and all half-integer spin supermultiplets $(\, s\, {\scriptstyle -\, 1/2}\,,\, s \,\,),\, s\geqslant1$.

hep-th

Unconstrained Massless Higher Spin Supermultiplet in AdS$_4$

We consider unconstrained formulation of the higher spin gauge theory in anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, given by actions [1, 2], and provide on-shell supersymmetry transformations for the $\mathcal{N}=1$ unconstrained massless higher spin supermultiplet in four-dimensional AdS$_4$. Such an irreducible supermultiplet $(Φ_1, Φ_2 \,; Ψ_1,Ψ_2)$ contains a pair of bosonic fields, with opposite parity, which are generating functions (infinite collection of totally symmetric real tensor fields of all integer rank $s= 0, 1, \ldots, \infty$), as well as two fermionic fields, which have opposite signs of the AdS radius, that are spinorial generating functions (infinite tower of totally symmetric Majorana spinor-tensor fields of all half-integer spin $s={\scriptstyle \frac{1}{2}}, {\scriptstyle \frac{3}{2}}, \ldots, \infty$).

hep-th

Supersymmetric Continuous Spin Gauge Theory

Taking into account the Schuster-Toro action and its fermionic analogue discovered by us, we supersymmetrize unconstrained formulation of the continuous spin gauge field theory. Afterwards, building on the Metsaev actions, we supersymmetrize constrained formulation of the theory. In each formulation, we provide supersymmetry transformations for the $\mathcal{N}=1$ supermultiplet in four-dimensional flat space-time, in which continuous spin particle (CSP) is considered to be a complex scalar continuous spin field, and its superpartner which can be called ``\,CSPino\,'' is considered to be a Dirac continuous spin field. It is shown that the algebra of these supersymmetry transformations are closed on-shell. Furthermore, we investigate whether obtained supersymmetry transformations reproduce the known result of the higher spin gauge field theory in the helicity limit. Finally, we illustrate how these two separate set of obtained transformations are related to each other.

hep-th

A local action for fermionic unconstrained higher spin gauge fields in (A)dS space

The local free action principle for bosonic unconstrained higher spin gauge fields in $d$-dimensional (A)dS$_d$ spacetime has been already established by Segal. However, later on, Schuster and Toro, in 4-dimensional flat spacetime, extracted such an action from their bosonic continuous spin gauge theory, when the continuous spin parameter vanishes. On the other hand, similar to the Schuster-Toro's action, we found the fermionic continuous spin gauge theory in 4-dimensional flat spacetime. Thus it is noteworthy to take out its fermionic higher spin formulation in a limit, and generalize it to $d$-dimensional (A)dS$_d$ spacetime. Therefore, in this paper, we will present a similar action principle à la Segal for fermions in $d$-dimensional (A)dS$_d$ spacetime. Moreover, at the level of equations of motion, we will demonstrate how the Fronsdal and the Fang-Fronsdal equations in $d$-dimensional (A)dS$_d$ spacetime are related, respectively, to the Euler-Lagrange equations of the bosonic and fermionic higher spin actions mentioned above.

hep-th

Modified Wigner equations and continuous spin gauge field

In this paper, we first propose the bosonic (fermionic) modified Wigner equations for continuous spin particle (CSP). Secondly, starting from the (Fang-)Fronsdal-like equation, we will reach to the modified action of bosonic (fermionic) continuous spin gauge field in flat spacetime, presented recently by Metsaev in A(dS) spacetime. We shall also explain how to obtain the proposed modified Wigner equations from the gauge-fixed equations of motion. Finally, we will consider the massive bosonic (fermionic) higher-spin action and, by taking the infinite spin limit, we will arrive at the modified bosonic (fermionic) CSP action.

hep-th

Continuous-spin field propagator and interaction with matter

Action principles for the single and double valued continuous-spin representations of the Poincare group have been recently proposed in a Segal-like formulation. We address three related issues: First, we explain how to obtain these actions directly from the Fronsdal-like and Fang-Fronsdal-like equations by solving the traceless constraints in Fourier space. Second, we introduce a current, similar to the one of Berends, Burgers and Van Dam, which is bilinear in a pair of scalar matter fields, to which the bosonic continuous-spin field can couple minimally. Third, we investigate the current exchange mediated by a continuous-spin particle obtained from this action principle and investigate whether it propagates the right degrees of freedom, and whether it reproduces the known result for massless higher-spin fields in the helicity limit.

hep-th

Thermodynamics of Classical Systems on Noncommutative Phase Space

We study the formulation of statistical mechanics on noncommutative classical phase space, and construct the corresponding canonical ensemble theory. For illustration, some basic and important examples are considered in the framework of noncommutative statistical mechanics: such as the ideal gas, the extreme relativistic gas, and the 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator.

hep-th