arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Morihiko Saito.
We show that it is possible to utilize the Hirzebruch-Milnor classes of projective hypersurfaces in the classical sense to detect higher du Bois or rational singularities only in some special cases. We also give several remarks clarifying some points in my earlier papers.
We survey a theory of limits of polarizable variations of real Hodge structure in the quasi-unipotent monodromy case using the V-filtration of Kashiwara and Malgrange indexed by rational numbers, which does not necessarily seem familiar to many people.
We show that the sum of the local cohomological dimension and the rectified $\mathbb Q$-homological depth of a closed analytic subspace of a complex manifold coincide with the dimension of the ambient manifold. The local cohomological dimension is then calculated using the cohomology of the links of the analytic space. In the algebraic case the first assertion is equivalent to the coincidence of the rectified $\mathbb Q$-homological depth with the de Rham depth studied by Ogus, and follows essentially from his work. As a corollary we show that the local cohomological dimension of a quasi-projective variety is determined by that of its general hyperplane section together with the link cohomology at 0-dimensional strata of a complex analytic Whitney stratification.
We give an explicit formula to express the cohomological pullback functors of Hodge modules under closed immersions of smooth varieties using Verdier specializations and $V$-filtrations of Kashiwara and Malgrange. This was locally obtained by the first two authors assuming the existence of global defining functions. We also give a quite simplified proof of the theorem reducing to the monodromical case via the Verdier specialization and using induction on codimension.
Let $f$ be a semi-weighted-homogeneous polynomial having an isolated singularity at 0. Let $α_{f,k}$ be the spectral numbers of $f$ at 0. By Malgrange and Varchenko there are non-negative integers $r_k$ such that the $α_{f,k}-r_k$ are the roots up to sign of the local Bernstein-Sato polynomial $b_f(s)$ divided by $s+1$. However, it is quite difficult to determine these shifts $r_k$ explicitly on the parameter space of $μ$-constant deformation of a weighted homogeneous polynomial. Assuming the latter is nearly Brieskorn-Pham type, we can obtain a very simple algorithm to determine these shifts, which can be realized by using Singular (or even C) without employing Gröbner bases. This implies a refinement of classical work of M. Kato and P. Cassou-Noguès in two variable cases, showing that the stratification of the parameter space can be controlled by using the (partial) additive semigroup structure of the weights of parameters. As a corollary we get for instance a sufficient condition for all the shiftable roots of $b_f(s)$ to be shifted. We can also produce examples where the minimal root of $b_f(s)$ is quite distant from the others as well as examples of semi-homogeneous polynomials with roots of $b_f(s)$ nonconsecutive.
We explain a correct proof of the decomposition theorem for direct images of constant Hodge modules by proper Kähler morphisms of complex manifolds. We also give some examples showing certain difficulty in the non-constant Hodge module case.
For a holomorphic function $f$ on a complex manifold $X$, the Briançon-Skoda exponent $e^{\rm BS}(f)$ is the smallest integer $k$ with $f^k\in(\partial f)$ (replacing $X$ with a neighborhood of $f^{-1}(0)$), where $(\partial f)$ denotes the Jacobian ideal of $f$. It is shown that $e^{\rm BS}(f)\le d_X$ $(:=\dim X)$ by Brian\c con-Skoda. We prove that $e^{\rm BS}(f)\le[d_X-2\widetildeα_f]+1$ with $-\widetildeα_f$ the maximal root of the reduced Bernstein-Sato polynomial $b_f(s)/(s+1)$, assuming the latter exists (shrinking $X$ if necessary). This implies for instance that $e^{\rm BS}(f)\le d_X-2$ in the case $f^{-1}(0)$ has only rational singularities, that is, if $\widetildeα_f>1$.
We show that the cobordism class of a polarization of Hodge module defines a natural transformation from the Grothendieck group of Hodge modules to the cobordism group of self-dual bounded complexes with real coefficients and constructible cohomology sheaves in a compatible way with pushforward by proper morphisms. This implies a new proof of the well-definedness of the natural transformation from the Grothendieck group of varieties over a given variety to the above cobordism group (with real coefficients). As a corollary, we get a slight extension of a conjecture of Brasselet, Schürmann and Yokura, showing that in the $\mathbb Q$-homologically isolated singularity case, the homology $L$-class which is the specialization of the Hirzebruch class coincides with the intersection complex $L$-class defined by Goresky, MacPherson, and others if and only if the sum of the reduced modified Euler-Hodge signatures of the stalks of the shifted intersection complex vanishes. Here Hodge signature uses a polarization of Hodge structure, and it does not seem easy to define it by a purely topological method.
For a complex algebraic variety $X$, we introduce higher $p$-Du Bois singularity by imposing canonical isomorphisms between the sheaves of Kähler differential forms $Ω_X^q$ and the shifted graded pieces of the Du Bois complex $\underlineΩ_X^q$ for $q\le p$. If $X$ is a reduced hypersurface, we show that higher $p$-Du~Bois singularity coincides with higher $p$-log canonical singularity, generalizing a well-known theorem for $p=0$. The assertion that $p$-log canonicity implies $p$-Du Bois has been proved by Mustata, Olano, Popa, and Witaszek quite recently as a corollary of two theorems asserting that the sheaves of reflexive differential forms $Ω_X^{[q]}$ ($q\le p$) coincide with $Ω_X^q$ and $\underlineΩ_X^q$ respectively, and these are shown by calculating the depth of the latter two sheaves. We construct explicit isomorphisms between $Ω_X^q$ and $\underlineΩ_X^q$ applying the acyclicity of a Koszul complex in a certain range. We also improve some non-vanishing assertion shown by them using mixed Hodge modules and the Tjurina subspectrum in the isolated singularity case. This is useful for instance to estimate the lower bound of the maximal root of the reduced Bernstein-Sato polynomial in the case where a quotient singularity is a hypersurface and its singular locus has codimension at most 4.
We introduce Hodge ideal spectrum for isolated hypersurface singularities to see the difference between the Hodge ideals and the microlocal $V$-filtration modulo the Jacobian ideal. Via the Tjurina subspectrum, we can compare the Hodge ideal spectrum with the Steenbrink spectrum which can be defined by the microlocal $V$-filtration. As a consequence of a formula of Mustata and Popa, these two spectra coincide in the weighted homogeneous case. We prove sufficient conditions for their coincidence and non-coincidence in some non-weighted-homogeneous cases where the defining function is semi-weighted-homogeneous or with non-degenerate Newton boundary in most cases. We also show that the convenience condition can be avoided in a formula of Zhang for the non-degenerate case, and present an example where the Hodge ideals are not weakly decreasing even modulo the Jacobian ideal.
We explain a formalism of regular holonomic $D$-modules for algebraic geometers using the distinguished triangles associated with algebraic local cohomology together with meromorphic Deligne extensions of local systems as well as the dual functor.
For a one-parameter degeneration of reduced compact complex analytic spaces of dimension $n$, we prove the invariance of the frontier Hodge numbers $h^{p,q}$ (that is, with $pq(n{-}p)(n{-}q)=0$) for the intersection cohomology of the fibers and also for the cohomology of their desingularizations, assuming that the central fiber is reduced, projective, and has only rational singularities. This can be shown to be equivalent to the invariance of the dimension of the cohomology of structure sheaf (which is known in the algebraizable case), since we can prove the Hodge symmetry for all the Hodge numbers $h^{p,q}$ together with $E_1$-degeneration of the Hodge-to-de Rham spectral sequence for nearby fibers, assuming only the projectivity of the central fiber. For the proof of the main theorem, we calculate the graded pieces of the induced $V$-filtration for the first non-zero member of the Hodge filtration on the intersection complex Hodge module of the total space, which coincides with the direct image of the dualizing sheaf of a desingularization (related to Kollár's conjecture on the direct images of dualizing sheaves of smooth varieties). This calculation implies also that the order of nilpotence of the local monodromy is smaller than the general singularity case by 2 in the situation of the main theorem assuming further smoothness of general fibers. We can prove a partial converse of the main theorem under some hypothesis.
We study a topological method to calculate the first Milnor fiber cohomology of a defining polynomial of a reduced projective hyperplane arrangement $X$ of degree $d$. We can show the vanishing of a monodromy eigenspace of the first Milnor fiber cohomology with eigenvalue of order $m\ge 2$ if $X\setminus(X^{[(m)]}\cup X^{\langle 3\rangle})$ or more generally $X\setminus(X^{[(m)]}\cup X^{\langle 3\rangle}\cup X_d)$ is connected. Here $X^{[(m)]}$ is the set of points of $X$ with multiplicity divisible by $m$, and $X^{\langle 3\rangle}:=\bigcup_{i,j,k}X_i\cap X_j\cap X_k$ with $X_i$ the irreducible components of $X$, where the union is taken over $i,j,k$ with ${\rm codim}\,X_i\cap X_j\cap X_k=3$. This hypothesis can be relaxed to some extent. The assertion is reduced to the case of a line arrangement in ${\bf P}^2$ by Artin's vanishing theorem (where $X^{\langle 3\rangle}=\emptyset$), and we use a projection from ${\bf P}^2$ to ${\bf P}^1$ with center a sufficiently general point of $X_d$. It may be expected that the assumption of an improved assertion is always satisfied for $m\ge 5$ (and also for $m=4$ except the Hessian arrangement). The resulting vanishing of eigenspaces has been conjectured for $m\ge 5$.
For a projective hyperplane arrangement, we study sufficient conditions in terms of combinatorial data for ESV-calculability of the monodromy eigenspaces of the first Milnor fiber cohomology for eigenvalues of order $m>1$. This can be reduced to the line arrangement case by Artin's theorem. These sufficient conditions are often unsatisfied if efficiency or complexity of the combinatorics of arrangement is high. In order to measure these, we introduce the notions of $m$-efficiency and $m$-complexity for $m\ge 3$. The former is defined to be the number of points with multiplicity divisible by $m$ lying on one line in average. In many cases, one of the above sufficient conditions is satisfied if it is at most 2, although there are certain exceptional cases, especially when $m=3$. The $m$-complexity is defined to be the maximal number of edges containing one vertex of the associated $m$-graph. We can show that one of the sufficient condition holds if it is at most $(m+1)/2$.
We study the vanishing cycle complex $φ_fA_X$ for a holomorphic function $f$ on a reduced complex analytic space $X$ with $A$ a Dedekind domain (for instance, a localization of the ring of integers of a cyclotomic field, where the monodromy eigenvalue decomposition may hold after a localization of $A$). Assuming the perversity of the shifted constant sheaf $A_X[d_X]$, we show that the lowest possibly-non-zero vanishing cohomology at $0\in X$ can be calculated by the restriction of $φ_fA_X$ to an appropriate nearby curve in the singular locus $Y$ of $f$, which is given by intersecting $Y$ with the intersection of sufficiently general hyperplanes in the ambient space passing sufficiently near 0. The proof uses a Lefschetz type theorem for local fundamental groups. In the homogeneous polynomial case, a similar assertion follows from Artin's vanishing theorem. By a related argument we can show the vanishing of the non-unipotent monodromy part of the first Milnor cohomology for many central hyperplane arrangements with ambient dimension at least 4.
We prove the structure theorem of the intersection complexes of toric varieties in the category of mixed Hodge modules. This theorem is due to Bernstein, Khovanskii and MacPherson for the underlying complexes with rational coefficients. As a corollary the Euler characteristic Hodge numbers of non-degenerate toric hypersurface can be determined by the Euler characteristic subtotal Hodge numbers together with combinatorial data of Newton polyhedra. This is used implicitly in an explicit formula by Batyrev--Borisov. Note that a formula for the Euler characteristic subtotal Hodge numbers in terms of Newton polyhedra has been given by Danilov--Khovanskii. The structure theorem also implies that the graded quotients of the weight filtration on the middle cohomology of the canonical compactification of a non-degenerate toric hypersurface have Hodge level strictly smaller than the general case except for the middle weight. This gives another proof of a formula for the frontier Hodge numbers of non-degenerate toric hypersurfaces due to Danilov--Khovanskii.
We construct complex projective schemes with Lyubeznik numbers of their cones depending on the choices of projective embeddings. This answers a question of G. Lyubeznik in the characteristic 0 case. It contrasts with a theorem of W. Zhang in the positive characteristic case where the Frobenius endomorphism is used. Reducibility of schemes is essential in our argument. B. Wang recently constructed examples of irreducible projective schemes (which are not normal) from our examples of reducible ones. So the question is still open in the normal singular case.
For a homogeneous polynomial of $n$ variables, we present a new method to compute the roots of Bernstein-Sato polynomial supported at the origin, assuming that general hyperplane sections of the associated projective hypersurface have at most weighted homogeneous isolated singularities. Calculating the dimensions of certain $E_r$-terms of the pole order spectral sequence for a given integer $r\in[2,n]$, we can detect its degeneration at $E_r$ for certain degrees. In the case of strongly free, locally positively weighted homogeneous divisors on ${\mathbb P}^3$, we can prove its degeneration almost at $E_2$ and completely at $E_3$ together with a symmetry of a modified pole-order spectrum for the $E_2$-term. These can be used to determine the roots of Bernstein-Sato polynomials supported at the origin, except for rather special cases.