arXiv subjects

Moses Fayngold

Publications and source records attributed to Moses Fayngold.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Quantum Mechanical Indeterminacy and Conservation Laws

Conservation laws are discussed in conjunction with quantum-mechanical indeterminacies of the corresponding observables. The considered examples show that the connections between energy and its indeterminacy may be quite intricate. The indeterminacies of the parts of a composite system may be correlated in such a way that the net value of the considered observable is definite. This may be the case with specific entangled superposition of eigenstates in a composite system. In some cases the fact of energy conservation cannot be convincingly established and generally the concept of conserving observable is not universally defined to embrace all possible situations under one rule. Keywords: energy, conservation, indeterminacy, photon

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

Mutual Intolerance Effect in Entangled Qubit Pairs

Analysis of the recently proposed thought experiment with the path entangled photon pairs is extended here to spin entangled electron pairs. The detailed comparison of the two cases showed the range of distinctions and similarities in their monitoring. The general results contradict the Concurrency Rule stating that intimately linked characteristics of a simple system must change concurrently under changing conditions. Instead, the analysis showed that the systems coherence, while changing continuously with entanglement strength on the global scale, remains zero on the local level. This effect, common for bi photons and bi fermions, can be named total mutual intolerance between local and global coherence. We can thus predict mutual intolerance as a general effect for all pairs of entangled qubits regardless of their physical nature. Key words: Bi photon, bi fermion, entanglement, correlations, coherence transfer

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

Generalized rules for coherence transfer from local to global scale

A thought experiment with the path-entangled photon pairs is suggested. Its analysis predicts elimination of local coherence even at infinitesimally weak entanglement. Local coherence turns out to be totally incompatible with entanglement. We can thus predict and name a new phenomenon,total mutual intolerance between local and global coherence. Unlike incompatible observables like position and momentum, whose expectation values can still coexist under trade-off between the respective indeterminacies, there is no coexistence between local and global coherence. This prediction, if confirmed, may open some new venues in Quantum Physics and Quantum Information theory. Key words: Bi-photon, entanglement, correlations, coherence transfer

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

On the Only Fields interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

The wave particle duality, while being supported by overwhelming scientific evidence, is now claimed outdated by some physics professionals. They declare that the Quantum Field Theory allows only field aspect of reality. Presented below are the arguments showing that the Quantum Field Theory embraces the whole range of the Field-Particle Duality with both its extremes. We also discuss the important new experiments which reinforce the particle side of the story and thereby confirm the Field-Particle Duality. Key words: Fields, Particles, Reconfiguration, Quantum Nonlocality.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

A new paradox in superluminal signaling

A new paradox in superluminal signaling is presented. In contrast to the Tolman paradox with tachyon exchange between two parties, the new paradox appears already in a one-way signaling, even without creating the time loop. As shown in the article, a one-way superluminal signaling would, by swapping cause and effect, violate the factual invariance of some related physical processes. This produces a universal ban on any kind of superluminal signals, which is much stronger than the Tolman paradox. Even though relativity embraces superluminal motions as such, thus making the world symmetric with respect to the invariant speed barrier, the ineptness of all such motions for superluminal signaling makes the symmetry incomplete. Key words: superluminal signaling, tachyons, the Tolman paradox

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

The impossibility of one-way superluminal signaling in the framework of modern Physics

This is a response to the note criticizing my paper A New Paradox in Superluminal Signaling. The criticism is based, among other things, on arbitrarily postulated statement about invarience of direction of superluminal information transfer. The analysis presented in my response shows the absence of any grounds for such statement and confirms my original proof of the impossibility of one-way superluminal signaling. The analysis also unveils many other inconsistencies in the discussed note and shows that all its criticism is unsubstantiated. Key words: superluminal signaling, tachyons, the information flow

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2021

Signal reflection, quantum non-locality, and delayed choice experiments

Quantum nonlocality which is conventionally invoked for describing a composite entangled system is shown here to be a possible important characteristic of a single quantum object. To this end, we analyze some interactions of a single photon released from Fabry Perot resonator with environment. The split photon state with oppositely moving parts is shown to obey quantum nonlocality despite the sharp edges truncating each part. Photon post release reflection from a plane mirror is considered. The changing shape of the form during reflection contains moving discontinuities in electric and magnetic components of the pulse. They originate from preexisting edges of the form and move together, first away from and then back to the mirror. At the end of the process, the pulse restores its original shape, with electric component reversed. Altogether, the process demonstrates conservation of moving discontinuities. The considered experimental setup may be used for some new versions of a delayed choice experiment, with various options for insertion of detectors and the respective time delays. In all cases, the delayed insertion does not have any retroactive effect on the process. Key words: Evolution operator, signaling, reflection, discontinuity, quantum nonlocality

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

How the instant collapse of a spatially-extended quantum state is consistent with relativity of simultaneity

A thought experiment is considered on observation of instantaneous collapse of an extended wave packet. According to relativity of simultaneity, such a collapse being instantaneous in some reference frame must be a lasting process in other frames. But according to quantum mechanics, collapse is instantaneous in any frame. Mathematical structure of quantum mechanics eliminates any contradictions between these two apparently conflicting statements. Here the invariance of quantum-mechanical collapse is shown to follow directly from the Born postulate, without any use of mathematical properties of quantum operators. The consistency of quantum mechanics with Relativity is also shown for instant disentanglement of a composite system.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2021

Three +1 Faces of Invariance

A careful look at an allegedly well-known century-old concept reveals interesting aspects in it that have generally avoided recognition in literature. There are four different kinds of physical observables known or proclaimed as relativistic invariants under space-time rotations. Only observables in the first three categories are authentic invariants, whereas the single "invariant" - proper length - in the fourth category is actually not an invariant. The proper length has little is anything to do with proper distance which is a true invariant. On the other hand, proper distance, proper time, and rest mass have more in common than usually recognized, and particularly, mass - time analogy opens another view of the twin paradox.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2020

On the Superluminal Quantum Tunneling and "Causality Violation"

This is an analysis of some aspects of an old but still controversial topic, superluminal quantum tunneling. Some features of quantum tunneling described in literature, such as definition of the tunneling time and a frequency range of a signal, are discussed. The argument is presented that claim of superluminal signaling allegedly observed in frustrated internal reflection experiment was based on the wrong interpretation of the tunneling process. A thought experiment similar to that in the Tolman paradox is discussed. It shows that a new factor, attenuation, comes in the interplay between tunneled signals and macroscopic causality.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

The Dynamics of Relativistic Length Contraction and the Ehrenfest Paradox

Relativistic kinematics is usually considered only as a manifestation of pseudo-Euclidean (Lorentzian) geometry of space-time. However, as it is explicitly stated in General Relativity, the geometry itself depends on dynamics, specifically, on the energy-momentum tensor. We discuss a few examples, which illustrate the dynamical aspect of the length-contraction effect within the framework of Special Relativity. We show some pitfalls associated with direct application of the length contraction formula in cases when an extended object is accelerated. Our analysis reveals intimate connections between length contraction and the dynamics of internal forces within the accelerated system. The developed approach is used to analyze the correlation between two congruent disks - one stationary and one rotating (the Ehrenfest paradox). Specifically, we consider the transition of a disk from the state of rest to a spinning state under the applied forces. It reveals the underlying physical mechanism in the corresponding transition from Euclidean geometry of stationary disk to Lobachevsky's (hyperbolic) geometry of the spinning disk in the process of its rotational boost. A conclusion is made that the rest mass of a spinning disk or ring of a fixed radius must contain an additional term representing the potential energy of non-Euclidean circumferential deformation of its material. Possible experimentally observable manifestations of Lobachevsky's geometry of rotating systems are discussed.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2020

On Quantum Bayesianism

The lately developed part of Quantum Bayesianism named QBism has been proclaimed by its authors a powerful interpretation of Quantum Physics. This article presents analysis of some aspects of QBism. The considered examples show inconsistencies in some basic statements of the discussed interpretation. In particular, the main quantum mechanical conundrum of measurement and the observer is, contrary to the claims, not resolved within the framework of QBism. The conclusion is made that the basic tenets of QBism as applied in Physics are unsubstantiated.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Multi-Faced Entanglement

Detailed analysis of behavior of spin-entangled particle pairs under arbitrary rotations in their Hilbert space has been performed. It shows a rich range of varieties (faces) of entanglement in different bases. Analytic criteria are obtained for the respective faces of an entangled state. The corresponding conditions generally depend on both the state itself and the chosen basis. The most important result is revealing a deep analogy between a spin-entangled electronic qubit pair and momentum-entangled photon pair. Both cases exhibit coherence transfer from individual particles to nonlocal state of the system. This analogy allows us to predict certain features of the interference patterns in spin-entangled qubit pairs.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Relativistic Paradoxes and Lack of Relativity in Closed Spaces

Some known relativistic paradoxes are reconsidered for closed spaces, using a simple geometric model. For two twins in a closed space, a real paradox seems to emerge when the traveling twin is moving uniformly along a geodesic and returns to the starting point without turning back. Accordingly, the reference frames (RF) of both twins seem to be equivalent, which makes the twin paradox irresolvable: each twin can claim to be at rest and therefore to have aged more than the partner upon their reunion. In reality, the paradox has the resolution in this case as well. Apart from distinction between the two RF with respect to actual forces in play, they can be distinguished by clock synchronization. A closed space singles out a truly stationary RF with single-valued global time; in all other frames, time is not a single-valued parameter. This implies that even uniform motion along a spatial geodesic in a compact space is not truly inertial, and there is an effective force on an object in such motion. Therefore, the traveling twin will age less upon circumnavigation than the stationary one, just as in flat space-time. Ironically, Relativity in this case emerges free of paradoxes at the price of bringing back the pre-Galilean concept of absolute rest. An example showing the absence of paradoxes is also considered for a more realistic case of a time-evolving closed space.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Interactions Between Evanescent Photons and Environment

The evanescent waves named as EW1, EW2, EW3 are described in 3 respective experimental setups: 1) total internal reflection; 2) scattering on an inhomogeneous planar target; and 3) propagation along a waveguide. Some interactions are considered between EW2 and the environment. The latter may include a beam of probing particles and/or the screen on which the EW2 are formed. Some new properties of EW are described, such as complex energy eigenvalues in case of a movable screen, and evanescence exchange between the interacting objects. This reveals the connection between evanescent states and the Gamow states of the studied system. The 4-momentum exchange between EW2 and the probe is highly selective and may collapse the superposition of studied EW2- eigenstates to a single EW-eigenstate of the probing particle. Possible imprints of EW2 in the far field are briefly discussed and a simple experiment is suggested for their observation. .

quant-ph↗

arXiv2014

Dispersed Indeterminacy

A state of a single particle can be represented by a quantum blob in the corresponding phase space, or by a cell in its 2-D subspace. Its area is frequently stated to be no less than one half of the Plank constant, implying that such a cell is an indivisible quantum of the 2-D phase space. But this is generally not true, as is evident, for instance, from representation of some states in the basis of innately discrete observables like angular momentum. Here we consider some dispersed states involving the evanescent waves (EW) different from that in the total internal reflection. Such states are represented by a set of separated point-like cells, but with a large total indeterminacy. An idealized model has a discrete Wigner function forming an infinite periodic array of dots on the phase plane. The question about the total momentum indeterminacy in such state is discussed. We argue that the transverse momentum eigenstates corresponding to the considered EW-s cannot be singled out by any known measurement procedure, and the whole infinite set of the corresponding eigenvalues can contribute only a certain fraction to the observed momentum indeterminacy which remains finite.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

On the report of discovery of superluminal neutrinos

So far, none of the known and confirmed experiments have cast any doubts on foundations of special relativity (SR) (see, e.g., experiments on superluminal quantum tunneling [1-3]). The same is true regarding the impact of quantum non-locality; as we know it today, in no way does it challenge SR [4, 5]. In this brief comment we argue that even if the superluminal neutrinos do exist, this fact by itself will not overturn Relativity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

A Possible Resolution of the Tolman Paradox as a Quantum Superposition

This is an attempt to find a hidden virtue in Tolman's paradox by showing that it can give rise to quantum superposition. We consider tachyon exchange between two particles and show that it can generate superposition of eigenstates characterizing each particle, as well as the entangled state of the particle pair. The new possible aspect of quantum superposition reveals an unexpected connection with cosmological expansion of the Universe.

physics.gen-ph↗